叙利亚经济发展的基石--《鼓励外商投资法》

自1991年5月4日叙利亚政府颁布了具有历史意义的第10号<鼓励外商投资法>以来,叙利亚经济发生巨大而又深刻的变化.但在具体实施中也遇到了一系列的问题,为解决这些问题,叙利亚政府于2000年又颁发了专门修正<鼓励外商投资法>的第7号法令,努力使之成为阿拉伯地区引进、吸收、利用外资最为优秀的法律之一.     

论“埃及投资法”对埃经济发展的影响

1997年,埃及政府颁布了具有历史意义的第8号法令——《投资保障与鼓励法》,并进行了三次修订,努力使之成为阿拉伯地区吸引和利用外资的立法楷模。十年来,该法对埃经济发展产生了重要影响,且给埃及经济注入了巨大的发展活力,使埃经济逐渐摆脱困境,走上开放性多元化的发展道路。     

论"埃及投资法"对埃经济发展的影响

1997年,埃及政府颁布了具有历史意义的第8号法令--《投资保障与鼓励法》,并进行了三次修订,努力使之成为阿拉伯地区吸引和利用外资的立法楷模.十年来,该法对埃经济发展产生了重要影响,且给埃及经济注入了巨大的发展活力,使埃经济逐渐摆脱困境,走上开放性多元化的发展道路.     

《循环经济促进法》：助“小产权房”合法化?

《循环经济促进法》颁布2008年8月29日,中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛签署第四号主席令,颁布《循环经济促进法》。该法将于2009年1月1日起正式实施。这是中国法制建设史上的一件大事,它的深刻影响将很快会在中国的政     

传媒览要

美国密谋推翻叙利亚政府美国《时代》周刊2006年12月18日近来,美国由于在伊拉克问题上屡屡受挫,美国“伊拉克研究小组”提出了在伊拉克问题上与伊朗和叙利亚合作的建议,希望叙利亚帮助维护叙伊边境,阻止外国武装分子进入伊拉克。鉴于此,美发出了改善与叙利亚关系的信号,叙美关系也开始回升。没想到,美国一手拿起了加强联系的“橄榄枝”,另一只手又举起了推翻叙利亚政府的“大棒”——美国政府正秘密支持叙利亚反对派,以推翻现任巴沙尔政府。     

浅析最新职业薪酬准则与国际准则的异同

2014年1月,财政部颁发了《关于印发修订〈企业会计准则第9号——职工薪酬〉的通知》(财会[2014]8号),本文就新职工薪酬准则的诞生背景以及与2011年6月颁布的《国际会计准则第19号—雇员福利》进行对比,并对异同点进行总结。     

谈注册会计师与客户之间的沟通

财政部于2006年2月颁布了《中国注册会计师审计准则第1151号——与治理层的沟通》(下称《1151号准则》)与《中国注册会计师审计准则第1152号——前后任注册会计师的沟通》(下称《1152号准则》),至此,我国注册会计师的沟通规范走上与国际接轨的轨道,这两个准则成为我国注册会计师有关沟通规范的基本要求。     

职业信息速递

就业就业服务细化公平就业要求2007年11月5日,劳动保障部颁布了《就业服务与就业管理规定》(劳动和社会保障部令第28号)。《规定》针对《就业促进法》的相关内容做了全面的细化,特别是细化了     

有关"自然垄断与行政垄断"的若干思考

《国务院关于鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》（以下简称2005年版“非公经济36条”）曾经带给民营经济发展的希望,也得到了社会各界的高度评价,然而由于配套措施落实不到位,最终使民营经济的发展遇到诸多的困难和限制,结果不尽如人意。2010年5月,国务院又颁布了《关于鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的若干意见》,被称为“新36条”。     

西方国家是如何反垄断的

《企业家信息》杂志最近刊载同题文章说,美国于1890年制定了《夏曼反托拉斯法》,可称得上世界反垄断法的开山祖师。但由于该法条文过简,又未设立专门的监督机构,使得它形同虚设。于是美国又于1914年9月和1O月分别颁布了新的反垄新法——《联邦交易委员会法》和《库雷顿法》。     

叙利亚旅游业

叙利亚旅游资源丰富，国家对旅游业越来越重视。在国家一系列鼓励发展旅游业的政策推动下，叙旅游业正在快速发展，有望成为叙经济的第一大支柱产业。     

The Ministry of Culture in Syria: history,production and restriction of official culture

The official aspect of Syrian culture has been for long shaped and controlled by wizarat al-thaqafa, or the Ministry of Culture in a country whose government for long prided itself as culturally progressive. The history of this important government department reflects the political developments of the country, and the cultural activities and materials it produces deeply influence the intellectual development of Syrian society. I argue in this article that even though the Ministry is part of the Syrian government and regime, it attempts to be a more independent and democratic enterprise that produces a great deal of cultural resources and allows artistic and intellectual spaces for the Syrian public. Many Syrian voices of dissent were provoked by the performance of the Ministry which is often viewed as an extension of the leading Ba’ath Party and its outdated literature and ideologies. This Ministry has impacted cultural movements within Syria, regardless of being sponsored by the regime, which has attempted to control public and private media outlets and the educational system to pass its discourse to the public. This paper shows that the Ministry of Culture has successfully escaped serving as a mouthpiece for the party and how the ministry’s role in Syrian cultural development goes beyond offering legitimation to the regime in exchange for institutional support. It also aims to demonstrate how the way we view and understand cultural outputs in Syria enables us to comprehend the complexities of the country.     

The Eighteenth Brumaire in historical context: reconsidering class and state in France and Syria

This article seeks to reinterpret the process of state and class formation in “peripheral” societies—notably Syria—through a contextualized reading of Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire influenced by the approach of Political Marxism (PM). In light of PM’s claim that capitalism did not emerge in France until the late nineteenth century, it draws a picture of post-revolutionary French society in which the legacy of the precapitalist Absolutist state still determined the nature of ruling class reproduction and class struggle, centered on the state apparatus as the principal source of appropriation. These insights on the nature of ruling class appropriation and the centrality of the state are then applied to the case of post-Ottoman Syria, uncovering parallels with class struggles in post-revolutionary France rooted in the “Jacobin” politics of a state-dependent bourgeoisie of officials and officers. It proposes to rethink the contested moments of transition in terms of “alternative modernities” that developed in the absence of generalized capitalist relations of production.

     

黎巴嫩真主党政策调整浅析

随着国际和中东形势的变化，在伊朗和叙利亚支持下建立、成长、壮大的黎真主党正在调整其内外政策，以期摘掉“恐怖主义组织”的帽子，力争成为黎巴嫩的一个合法政党，在黎甚至国际发挥其作用。     

上海创新行政执法体制和模式研究

行政执法体制改革是转变政府职能、推进依法行政、提高政府执行力的突破口和关键。进一步调整和改革行政执法体制,创新行政执法体制和模式,使之适应上海城市和社会发展的需要,是上海建立法治政府、服务政府、责任政府的重要环节。通过对上海行政执法体制和模式的调查分析,并借鉴国外行政执法体制改革的经验和启示,提出创新上海行政执法体制和模式的思路及对策。     

The Social Bases and Discursive Context of the Rise of Islamic Fundamentalism: The Cases of Iran and Syria

This article focuses on the socioeconomic and political context of the 1950s and 1960s to explain the rise of fundamentalism in Iran and Syria. I argue that Islamic fundamentalism in these countries gained support from certain traditional property-owning classes who were antagonized by the state economic policies and bureaucratic expansion and by the state's effective suppression of the ideological and political pluralism of the earlier period. The state's repressive policies channeled oppositional politics through the medium of religion. I further argue that the more immediate determinant of Islamic fundamentalism was the state's ideology and its intervention in culture production. The state shaped the identity of the opposition and structured the kind of argument the opposition formulated against it. On the basis of the empirical cases of Iran and Syria, I argue that conceptualizing ideology as a discourse resolves some of the difficulties involved in the subjective/psychological conception of ideology in the analysis, assessment, and understanding of the way ideology is produced and its role in social process, particularly when only historical materials are available. I also argue for treating ideology as an autonomous category with a dynamic of its own. Finally, I suggest a model of ideological production.     

《婚姻法》六十年

1950年公布施行的《中华人民共和国婚姻法》不仅是新中国颁布的第一部法律,同时也是与每一个中国人的婚姻家庭关系都息息相关的一部基本法律。从1950的制定和颁布．到1980年和2001年的两次修改,《婚姻法》至今已在中国走过了60年的历程。而它的每一次制定和修改,可以说都是中国社会文明、宽容和进步的体现。     

Post‐Return Transnationalism and the Iraqi Displacement in Syria and Jordan

The article explores the relationship between return and transnationalism in the case of the post‐2003 Iraqis' protracted displacement in Syria and Jordan. Based on field observations and interviews with Iraqi returnees, the article argues that transnational mobility and livelihoods constitute a precondition for their sustainable return. In this refugee context, return is rarely a one‐way physical movement followed by permanent integration back home. It is a complex process that takes time and entails various degrees and modalities of transnational mobility, social networks and livelihoods connecting host and home societies. The international refugee regime in contrast is predicated on the assumption that refugees will not re‐migrate after return. Stopping returnees' mobility may hamper the independent transnational livelihoods and development opportunities that the Iraqi people have pursued in the absence of permanent solutions to their predicament.

Policy Implications

• International donors and regional states should harmonize their asylum and migration policy agendas and develop an integrated framework for durable solutions to the Iraqi protracted displacement.
• Relevant agencies should consider ways to incorporate legal transnational mobility opportunities into policy frameworks for the protection of refugee populations in the Middle East.
• Existing voluntary assisted return policies need to be revised to reflect the often non‐sedentary and non‐permanent nature of refugee returns to conflict‐affected societies.
• More research on returning refugees' transnational livelihoods is required to inform policy interventions facilitating the safe and sustainable return of refugees.

     

A New Genre of Social Protection Policy for Older People: A Critical Analysis of Legislative Development in Nepal

This commentary critically discusses recent legislation promulgated in Nepal to safeguard older people's rights and promote their well-being. Using a human-rights–based framework, the legislation is analyzed for its strengths and weaknesses. Emphasis has also been placed on discussing various aspects overlooked by the legislation, such as changing family structure, relations, and social values; the impact of employment structure and migration; and, importantly, maintaining a desired balance between the roles of the state and of the family in providing social security, support, and care to older people. Efforts have been made to reflect the promulgated law in light of the contemporary developments taking place globally, particularly in regions of Asia. Areas for future policy work are also identified in order to make legislation more inclusive and effective.     

Power and “native” Jews: the Russian imperial bureaucracy and Mountain Jews in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

The 1880s and 1890s witnessed an intensification of Tsarist policy towards the Jews of the Russian Empire. In 1892, for example, a law directed towards the Jews of Kuban and Cossack areas in the Caucasus was promulgated. In preparing the law, officials failed to notice, either intentionally or accidentally, that alongside European Jews of the Kuban and Terek region resided Mountain Jews. There were, therefore, problems with the implementation of this law especially in relation to Mountain Jews. This led to considerable controversy. This study demonstrates the manner in which officials attempted to solve the Jewish question in the Russian Empire. It focuses on the impact of officialdom at various levels of the Tsarist regime on the lives of Mountain Jews. Its principal sources are drawn from various documents and correspondence between government officials on the matter of the Mountain Jews.1 Research for this paper was generously assisted by a Rothschild Foundation grant.