论我国公民法律意识的地区差异和民族差异——基于五省市的调查

法律意识是一个国家法治发展的重要表现。增强公民法律意识是经济发展和社会进步的必然要求。随着社会主义法治理念的不断深入,普法工作的持续开展,社会公众的法律意识有所提高,但在地区和民族之间却有所差异。调查显示,相对与经济欠发达地区,经济发达地区公民的法律意识较高,汉族的法律意识相对少数民族的较高。分析上述差异的影响因素并探讨解决对策是值得广大法律工作者深思的。     

我国职业结构现状——基于第六次人口普查数据的实证分析

职业结构是就业结构的重要组成部分,反映一定社会经济条件下劳动力的职业配置状况。 中国人力资源信息监测中心公布的数据信息显示,进入新世纪以来,生产运输设备操作人员和商业服务人员是劳动力市场中供求最为旺盛的两大职业门类,也是供不应求、存在较大需求缺口的两个职业。     

中国人的信任结构

本文阐释了信任的概念及其分类,论述了文化、社会与制度等对信任的影响,同时剖析了信任形成机理,最后在此基础上描述了中国人的信任结构构成。     

田野、叙事和结构：青年研究的人类学进路——兼论青年研究从对策性到解释性的转型

青年研究和青年学两者不能混为一谈。表面繁荣与热闹的青年研究，以及一大批冠以《青年学》名义问世的成果，并不能掩盖青年研究事实上处于前学科时代的状态。本文试图理解这种宏大建构愿望与现实学科建设之间的张力，并在文化人类学的思考路径下，从田野、叙事和解释三种思考维度中，寻找一条但并不是唯一的从青年研究到青年学的可能性路径。     

上海居民文化资本与政治参与——基于上海社会质量调查数据的分析

合理有序的政治参与是现代民主政治的基本特征。本文基于2010年上海社会质量问卷调查的数据,比较了上海居民制度化、非制度化政治参与情况的差异,着重分析了文化资本对于政治参与的影响作用。作为一项探索性研究,本文区分了教育水平和文化资本,并把文化资本分为具体化、客观化、体制化三种类型。研究发现,教育水平的提高对于制度内政治参与的影响并不显著,但可以显著促进制度外政治参与。文化资本,尤其是具体化文化资本对两类政治参与均存在显著的正向影响。     

“经济与社会结构转型论题——中国和日本的经验”学术研讨会综述

由上海社会科学院社会发展研究院和日本专修大学社会科学研究所联合举办的“经济与社会结构转型论题一中国和日本的经验”学术研讨会，2006年3月在上海社会科学院举行。会议聚焦中日发展中的经济和社会结构转型问题，围绕四个主题展开，即：（1）经济、产业结构的转型和企业体制结构；（2）大都市建设和规划；（3）阶层结构的变化和差距问题；（4）社会福利问题与社会政策。会上，来自中国和日本的8名学者进行了主题发言。现将各位学者发言的丰要观点述要如下。     

投票市场发展、资本要素积累与产业结构升级——基于中国A股市场的实证研究

首先从要素流动角度就股票市场对产业结构优化升级的推动作用提出相关假设,并从中观和微观上实证检验中国A股市场是否存在推动产业结构优化升级的作用机制。实证结果表明,股票市场规模的扩大有效推动了三次产业和工业产业的结构优化升级,市场流动性的高低对产业结构优化升级存在负向效应,而城市化进程的加快及垂直专业化程度的提高可以降低该种负向效应;战略性新兴产业上市公司经营绩效显著,并在创业板市场上最具成长性,而且行业内资本集中度越低、市场风险越高,越能激励行业内企业上市。据此,在扩大股票市场规模、增强市场流动性、上市资源选择、创业板市场建设等方面提出了相应的政策建议。     

Social preferences for public intervention: An empirical investigation based on French data

In this paper we examine the support given by French households to public intervention aimed at reducing inequalities and improving the well-being of low-income classes. We first discuss to what extent the model of self-interest could be relied upon when one wants to take into account social norms to explain the individual demand for redistribution. We find that social beliefs play an important role in explaining individual attitudes towards public intervention. We also find that the support given to redistribution can increase or decrease depending on the interaction between reciprocity norms and beliefs regarding the causes of poverty.     

The political economy of sociology: An interview with David Goslin,national research council

In this interview, David A. Goslin responds to a variety of questions concerning the relationship between the federal government and the political economy of sociology. He addresses the identity of sociology in Washington, the treatment of behavioral and social sciences as a special case in science policy, the greater acceptability of the behavioral sciences, the battle of 1981, the recurring need for reviews of the discipline, the role of the National Research Council and the National Academy of Sciences, the current status and rising prospects of the social sciences, and emerging areas of national concern. Lawrence J. Rhoades has been on the Washington scene for more than a decade. During the first four years, he served as executive associate of the American Sociological Association and wrote a social science and government series forFootnotes. He has since served in research policy, planning, and evaluation positions in the federal government. He currently is Washington correspondent forThe American Sociologist.     

Size and composition of the Arab family: census and survey data

Family characteristics in Kuwait, Bahrain, and Egypt are examined using census data from the period 1965 to 1975. A distinction is made between rural and urban families. The results suggest that the prevalence of the extended family has been exaggerated in previous studies and that most households are predominantly nuclear in type.     

The relationship between sex-union type and fertility in Costa Rica: an analysis of census data

The study objective was to provide an exploratory analysis of sex-union type and fertility in Costa Rica. 3 hypotheses were introduced on the basis of previous work in the Caribbean Islands--the instability hypothesis, the insecurity hypothesis, and characteristics hypothesis. An attempt was made to answer the question of what the independent effect of consensual union on fertility would be in Costa Rica. The data were taken from the 1973 Costa Rican census sample tapes. The total sample size used was 20,150, which represents a 1 in 80 subsample of the original file. The unit of analysis was women 15 years of age and older classified by type of sex-union. Consensual unions had higher fertility (except at ages 45+), but it was largely due to the fact that they had lower levels on socioeconomic variables in comparison to legal unions. When controls for socioeconomic characteristics were introduced, consensual unions had lower fertility (except at ages 15-24). The most significant finding was that net of socioeconomic variables, consensual unions tended to depress fertility below the more stable legal unions. The underlying mechanism for this effect was stated within the framework of the instability hypothesis, i.e., consensual unions, by virtue of their instability, lead to considerable time lost, which in turn translates into lower levels of fertility in relation to marriage unions. The fact that the independent influence of consensual union on fertility increases in strength with age adds additional credence to the instability hypothesis. As women age, the likelihood of having experienced several union break-ups increases, with the resultant effect of lowering fertility compared with the more stable legal unions. The finding with respect to women in consenual unions aged 15-24 requires further clarification.     

Collective consumption models with restricted bargaining weights: an empirical assessment based on experimental data

We use experimental data to analyze consumption decisions by groups of individuals who have to reach a consensus on spending a joint budget. Our experiment involves dyads (i.e. two-member groups) who have to compose consumption bundles consisting of three commodities (wine, orange juice and M&Ms). We focus on the collective consumption model to describe group behavior. This model represents group decisions as Pareto optimal outcomes of a within-group bargaining process, with rational group members who are each characterized by individual bargaining weights. We also consider specifications of the collective model that restrict the variation of these bargaining weights. A distinguishing feature of our study is that we use revealed preference testing tools to assess the goodness-of-fit and discriminatory power of alternative specifications of the collective model. Our experimental results suggest that the most appropriate model specification allows for a limited variation of the bargaining weights.     

Taxes and economic behavior: Some interview data on tax evasion in Sweden

The article describes a survey carried out with a sample of 426 Swedish male adults. In telephone interviews questions were asked on attitudes to taxation, attitudes to tax crimes, the respondent's economic situation, tax evasion in the sense of underreporting income and overstating deductions, black payments, and tax planning, i.e. attempts to reduce the tax burden by legal means. Multivariate analyses of the data indicated that younger age, more opportunity for tax evasion than people in general, more negative attitudes than the average, and lenient attitudes to tax crimes were significant factors for explaining tax evasion and black payments. Financial strain was not a significant factor, since those who admitted tax evasion judged their economic situation more favorably than the rest of the sample.     

Network Dynamics and Market Structure: The Case of Art Fairs

Annual art fairs are a crucial element of the contemporary art market. Art galleries represent artists and exhibit their work at fairs all over the world. These fairs expose the gallery and its artists and create and maintain relationships with key actors in the global art market. Using data recording artists and galleries presenting at art fairs alongside qualitative interviews with different actors operating in the art market, we study the development of the art fair network over three years, 2005–2007. Our findings suggest significant network and homophily effects regarding the status and age of artists at fairs. However, the internationality of fairs and geographic distances between them do not seem to have any effect.     

An empirical assessment of writing and research proficiency in HBCU social work students

ABSTRACT

Lack of proficiency in writing and research among social work students has increasingly concerned social work educators and practitioners. Given the significance of written communication with clients and emphasis on evidence-based practice in the field of social work, it is critical to assess students’ competence in both writing and research. However, deficit-based approaches to assessing writing and research competence have disadvantaged students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). This pilot study aims to assess writing and research proficiency of HBCU master’s of social work (MSW) students through empirical analysis of their capstone papers and surveys from educators to provide implications for developing a writing and research manual for social work programs at HBCUs. Ten capstone papers were randomly selected and qualitatively analyzed; nine faculty and one field supervisor completed the survey, and their respondents were analyzed using cross-case analysis. Analyses of the capstone papers identified two themes for writing and research domains, respectively: (1) weakness in developing statements and lack of knowledge of writing style and (2) plagiarism and lack of understanding of research structure. Moreover, analyses of the surveys revealed four themes regarding assessment of writing and research skills among students struggling with basic writing mechanics, indicating that HBCU MSW students may have potential and capacity for learning, as evidenced by their ideas and critical thinking skills. These findings suggest both teaching- and research-oriented programs could employ the proposed writing and research assessment manual, as well as a writing and research lab/center for improving writing and research skills among their students.