中东热点问题走向和中国外交政策及其实践

2007年中东地区形势动荡不安，继续成为国际形势变化的焦点。巴以争端、伊拉克问题和伊朗核问题三大热点依然是影响中东局势演变的主轴。由于地区内外因素的变化，热点问题出现了值得注意的新动向。本文探讨了中东地区局势演变的主要动因、最新走向以及中国应对中东热点问题的政策及其实践。     

对中东热点问题新变化的若干思考

2009年,中东地区的热点问题如巴以冲突、伊拉克形势、伊朗核问题等都出现了新变化.变化的因素有的来自中东地区各国的内部,有的则来自外部.这些变化势必会对中东地区的局势造成影响,本文试就这些变化和变化的因素进行探讨.     

中东安全形势回顾与展望

2008年国际形势发生的剧烈变化对中东安全局势造成重大冲击,中东地区紧张状况未发生根本变化.中东地区长期动荡,既有重要的外部背景,也有复杂的内部原因.2009年中东地区安全形势依然十分严峻,奥巴马对中东政策的调整不会改变美国在中东的基本目标,大国在中东的博弈呈现加剧的趋势.中东地区的热点问题将继续存在,宗教冲突可能成为地区动荡和不稳的新因素.中东地区的传统安全和非传统安全均十分突出,严重影响地区的安全与稳定.     

对中东热点问题新变化的若干思考

2009年，中东地区的热点问题如巴以冲突、伊拉克形势、伊朗核问题等都出现了新变化。变化的因素有的来自中东地区各国的内部，有的则来自外部。这些变化势必会对中东地区的局势造成影响，本文试就这些变化和变化的因素进行探讨。     

中东安全形势回顾与展望

2008年国际形势发生的剧烈变化对中东安全局势造成重大冲击,中东地区紧张状况未发生根本变化。中东地区长期动荡,既有重要的外部背景,也有复杂的内部原因,2009年中东地区安全形势依然十分严峻,奥巴马对中东政策的调整不会改变美国在中东的基本目标,大国在中东的博弈呈现加剧的趋势。中东地区的热点问题将继续存在,宗教冲突可能成为地区动荡和不稳的新因素。中东地区的传统安全和非传统安全均十分突出,严重影响地区的安全与稳定。     

中东剧变与中国中东政策

中东动荡历时一年多,导致该地区多国政权更迭,并迅速扩展到叙利亚,叙危机已成为这场动荡旋涡的中心.伊斯兰势力的崛起成为这些转型国家面临的严峻课题.动荡使中东地区格局面临新的调整,地区大国间矛盾和力量消长,将影响有关国家政局和热点问题走向.美国调整中东政策,深刻影响了地区局势走向.中国坚持“不干涉内政”原则,尊重有关国家人民自主选择的原则立场,得到国际社会理解和肯定.中东形势演变对中国中东外交带来重要机遇和严峻挑战,中国应审时度势,积极应对,谋求中国与中东国家关系的新发展.     

中东形势综述与前瞻

2006年,巴以、黎以、伊拉克和伊朗核问题等中东四大热点问题交替升温,哈马斯、黎巴嫩真主党等伊斯兰激进势力不断壮大,美国、欧盟、俄罗斯等大国在中东地区的影响此消彼长。本文旨在总结中东整体形势,并对未来的中东局势进行展望。     

中东形势综述与前瞻

2006年，巴以、黎以，伊拉克和伊朗核问题等中东四大热点问题交替升温，哈马斯，黎巴嫩真主党等伊斯兰激进势力不断壮大，美国、欧盟、俄罗斯等大国在中东地区的影响此消彼长。本文旨在总结中东整体形势，并对未来的中东局势进行展望。     

中东剧变与中国中东政策

中东动荡历时一年多,导致该地区多国政权更迭,并迅速扩展到叙利亚,叙危机已成为这场动荡旋涡的中心。伊斯兰势力的崛起成为这些转型国家面临的严峻课题。动荡使中东地区格局面临新的调整,地区大国间矛盾和力量消长,将影响有关国家政局和热点问题走向。美国调整中东政策,深刻影响了地区局势走向。中国坚持"不干涉内政"原则,尊重有关国家人民自主选择的原则立场,得到国际社会理解和肯定。中东形势演变对中国中东外交带来重要机遇和严峻挑战,中国应审时度势,积极应对,谋求中国与中东国家关系的新发展。     

试论美国反恐与中东局势

美国遭遇恐怖袭击与中东地区关联深厚,而反恐行动更是为本已动荡的巴以局势增添了新的变数.反恐利益主导下的美国中东政策的不稳定性客观上加剧了中东局势的动荡.随着反恐行动的后续发展,伊拉克成为新打击对象,中东的两大热点--巴以争端和伊拉克问题在反恐框架中相互交织,中东局势未来走向与美国反恐息息相关.在可预见的将来,美国中东政策将在确保中东根本利益不受影响的前提下,根据反恐需要做相应调整,而巴以冲突将维持可控制的低烈度状态.     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.