哈尔滨市“两税“收入回归分析

回归分析方程的一般表达式为y=a bx主要作用在于给出自变量的数值,来估计因变量的可能值,可能值又称理论值或估计值。在一元线性回归方程中,自变量的系数b称为回归系数,表明y对x的回归关系。a、b的导出过程略。     

基于波动相关性及主分量变换的多元线性回归模型研究

文章针对多元线性回归模型提出了一种建立在主分量变换基础上的方法。该方法通过因变量与各个变量间对应的波动量建立相关性矩阵,以此来获得多元相关性分布状态;通过主分量变换获得具有最大相关性的主分量;最后按照主分量矩阵与各相关矩阵的距离及最小二乘估计确定回归系数。该算法建立在波动相关性分析基础上,反映了系统内相关要素之间的统计确定性,且建立在相关性统计上的主分量变换能够消除共线性问题对回归系数的影响,增加了最小二乘估计方法的可靠性。     

可换估计类

本文提出了多元线性模型中回归系数的一个有偏估计类──可换估计类，并讨论了它的优良性质。     

二次损失下带约束的增长曲线模型的Minimax估计

文章对于带椭球约束的增长曲线模型,在二次损失函数下给出回归系数在线性估计类中的Minimax估计,证明该估计是压缩有偏、可容许估计.在一些特殊的情形下,该估计包括了增长曲线功效岭回归估计、多元线性Minimax估计等.     

基于正态模糊数回归分析模型的构建与评价

文章采用模糊最小二乘法,求解自变量为精确数、因变量和回归系数均是正态模糊数的一元线性模糊回归模型,证明所求得的模糊估计量具有的统计性质:线性性与无偏性.给出模糊回归模型的残差、残差平方和及拟合优度公式.将方法应用于一个实际问题,并与经典回归分析进行比较,验证了该参数估计方法的合理性与有效性.     

多元Minimax估计与岭估计的渐近风险率

文章在渐进Minimax风险意义下研究多元回归系数的线性Minimax估计相对于多元岭估计的优良性.计算一定条件下多元岭回归估计相对于多元线性Minimax估计的渐近风险率,依此来度量两类估计的相差程度.研究发现多元线性minmax估计优于多元岭估计,当设计阵呈良态时,多元线性minmax估计具有显著的优良性;设计阵病态程度越严重时,多元岭估计变得越来越好,二者相差程度越来越接近.     

缺失偏态数据下线性回归模型的统计推断

研究缺失偏态数据下线性回归模型的参数估计问题,针对缺失偏态数据,为克服样本分布扭曲缺点和提高模型的回归系数、尺度参数和偏度参数的估计效果,提出了一种适合偏态数据下线性回归模型中缺失数据的修正回归插补方法.通过随机模拟和实例研究,并与均值插补、回归插补、随机回归插补方法比较,结果表明所提出的修正回归插补方法是有效可行的.     

非负系数线性回归模型的构建

本文针对某些线性回归模型负的回归系数不具有实际的物理意义和经济意义的问题,提出了非负系数的线性回归模型构建的新方法。与现有的方法相比较,该方法具有简单和易操作的特点。在实际中具有一定的应用价值。     

我国农业投入产出的关系研究

文章利用多元线性回归方程,以1996～2008年省际时间序列数据为样本,对我国的农业实际生产情况进行了量化分析,以粮食产量为被解释变量,选择机械动力、化肥用量等作为解释变量,应用spss软件进行回归分析求解回归系数,根据回归系数分析了31个省份投入要素对粮食产量的影响.分析结果表明.机械动力和化学农药对粮食产量影响不大,化肥用量和农业用水量增加有助提高粮食产量,塑料薄膜使用量的增加不能有效的提高粮食产量.     

一元非线性回归两种不同模型的比较

一元非线性回归是常用的统计分析方法,其计算方法是通过数学变换将非线性模型转换成线性模型,然后用最小二乘法计算回归系数。将非线性模型转换成线性模型有两种数学模型,其一是经过线性化后,以直接观测值的函数作为因变量,这是常用的方法,称其为间接观测值回归;其二是经过线性化后,以直接观测值作为因变量,称其为直接观测值回归。文章讨论了这两种数学模型回归结果间的差异,通过仿真实验说明了直接观测值回归的结果优于常用的间接观测值回归的结果。     

An empirical note concerning systematic measurement errors in regression analysis

The bias in the estimated coefficient of an explanatory variable in a regression equation because of a systematic measurement error in another explanatory variable is considered. A general expression for bias is set forth. An actual problem is used as a case study in which the magnitude of the bias in an estimated price coefficient is evaluated using real data.     

Testing for constancy in varying coefficient models

We consider varying coefficient models, which are an extension of the classical linear regression models in the sense that the regression coefficients are replaced by functions in certain variables (for example, time), the covariates are also allowed to depend on other variables. Varying coefficient models are popular in longitudinal data and panel data studies, and have been applied in fields such as finance and health sciences. We consider longitudinal data and estimate the coefficient functions by the flexible B-spline technique. An important question in a varying coefficient model is whether an estimated coefficient function is statistically different from a constant (or zero). We develop testing procedures based on the estimated B-spline coefficients by making use of nice properties of a B-spline basis. Our method allows longitudinal data where repeated measurements for an individual can be correlated. We obtain the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic. The power of the proposed testing procedures are illustrated on simulated data where we highlight the importance of including the correlation structure of the response variable and on real data.     

Simultaneous Confidence Bands and Hypothesis Testing in Varying-coefficient Models

Regression analysis is one of the most commonly used techniques in statistics. When the dimension of independent variables is high, it is difficult to conduct efficient non-parametric analysis straightforwardly from the data. As an important alternative to the additive and other non-parametric models, varying-coefficient models can reduce the modelling bias and avoid the "curse of dimensionality" significantly. In addition, the coefficient functions can easily be estimated via a simple local regression. Based on local polynomial techniques, we provide the asymptotic distribution for the maximum of the normalized deviations of the estimated coefficient functions away from the true coefficient functions. Using this result and the pre-asymptotic substitution idea for estimating biases and variances, simultaneous confidence bands for the underlying coefficient functions are constructed. An important question in the varying coefficient models is whether an estimated coefficient function is statistically significantly different from zero or a constant. Based on newly derived asymptotic theory, a formal procedure is proposed for testing whether a particular parametric form fits a given data set. Simulated and real-data examples are used to illustrate our techniques.     

Estimated Generalized Least Squares for Random Coefficient Regression Models

ABSTRACT. This paper considers a general class of random coefficient regression (RCR) models to represent pooled cross-sectional and time series data. A new method is given to estimate the covariance matrix of the error component in these RCR models. Also, the asymptotic and small sample properties of the estimated generalized least squares estimator of the regression coefficient vector are established. Procedures for testing a linear restriction on the mean vector of the random coefficients are derived. Finally, a test for non-randomness in the RCR model is devised, and the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is obtained.     

Local quadratic estimation of the curvature in a functional single index model

The nonlinear responses of species to environmental variability can play an important role in the maintenance of ecological diversity. Nonetheless, many models use parametric nonlinear terms which pre-determine the ecological conclusions. Motivated by this concern, we study the estimate of the second derivative (curvature) of the link function in a functional single index model. Since the coefficient function and the link function are both unknown, the estimate is expressed as a nested optimization. We first estimate the coefficient function by minimizing squared error where the link function is estimated with a Nadaraya-Watson estimator for each candidate coefficient function. The first and second derivatives of the link function are then estimated via local-quadratic regression using the estimated coefficient function. In this paper, we derive a convergence rate for the curvature of the nonlinear response. In addition, we prove that the argument of the linear predictor can be estimated root-n consistently. However, practical implementation of the method requires solving a nonlinear optimization problem, and our results show that the estimates of the link function and the coefficient function are quite sensitive to the choices of starting values.     

Quality of Fit Measures in the Framework of Quantile Regression

Abstract. In regression experiments, to learn about the strength of the relationship between a covariate vector and a dependent variable, we propose a ‘coefficient of determination’ based on the quantiles. Such a coefficient is a ‘local’ measure in the sense that the strength is measured at a prespecified quantile level. Once estimated, it can be used, for example, to measure the relative importance of a subset of covariates in the quantile regression context. Related to this coefficient, we also propose a new ‘local’ lack‐of‐fit measure of a given parametric model. We provide some asymptotic results of the proposed measures and carry out a Monte Carlo simulation study to illustrate their use and performance in practice.     

Estimation of multiple-regime regressions with least absolutes deviation

This paper considers least absolute deviations estimation of a regression model with multiple change points occurring at unknown times. Some asymptotic results, including rates of convergence and asymptotic distributions, for the estimated change points and the estimated regression coefficient are derived. Results are obtained without assuming that each regime spans a positive fraction of the sample size. In addition, the number of change points is allowed to grow as the sample size increases. Estimation of the number of change points is also considered. A feasible computational algorithm is developed. An application is also given, along with some Monte Carlo simulations.     

Immaculating the inconsistent estimator of slope parameter in measurement error model with replicated data

ABSTRACT

The measurement error model with replicated data on study as well as explanatory variables is considered. The measurement error variance associated with the explanatory variable is estimated using the complete data and the grouped data which is used for the construction of the consistent estimators of regression coefficient. These estimators are further used in constructing an almost unbiased estimator of regression coefficient. The large sample properties of these estimators are derived without assuming any distributional form of the measurement errors and the random error component under the setup of an ultrastructural model.     

A two-stage procedure to pool information across quantile levels in linear quantile regression

In linear quantile regression, the regression coefficients for different quantiles are typically estimated separately. Efforts to improve the efficiency of estimators are often based on assumptions of commonality among the slope coefficients. We propose instead a two-stage procedure whereby the regression coefficients are first estimated separately and then smoothed over quantile level. Due to the strong correlation between coefficient estimates at nearby quantile levels, existing bandwidth selectors will pick bandwidths that are too small. To remedy this, we use 10-fold cross-validation to determine a common bandwidth inflation factor for smoothing the intercept as well as slope estimates. Simulation results suggest that the proposed method is effective in pooling information across quantile levels, resulting in estimates that are typically more efficient than the separately obtained estimates and the interquantile shrinkage estimates derived using a fused penalty function. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated in a real data example.     

Prediction under uncertainty of degree of polynomial in growth curve models

Random coefficient polynomial regression model has been considered for prediction purpose when there is uncertainty about the degree of the polynomialo Expressions for mean square errors of two predictors based on simple estimators have been derived and their perfomaiices have been compared when parameters are estimated from the sample. A modified predictor has also been suggested when parameters in the predicting equations are to be estimated from the sample. Perform-ance ofseveral predictors haife been compared by cross validation technique from a real set of data.