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The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether the independence of audit committees is affected by the degree of control exerted by managers over the board of directors. Results from a sample of 75 listed Spanish companies show that the majority of firms that voluntarily adopted an audit committee between 1998 and 2001, made an effort to guarantee their independence from management. The degree of independence is shown to be determined by the proportion of inside directors on the board, the same person holding both the CEO and board chairperson positions, and the level of management ownership. These findings may have political implications because existing regulations do not limit the presence of inside directors on audit committees. The presence of inside directors may compromise effectiveness, turning audit committees into instruments of management to provide the appearance of monitoring.
Emiliano Ruiz-BarbadilloEmail:

Emiliano Ruiz-Barbadillo   is Professor of Accounting and Auditing in the Department of Business Economy, University of Cádiz. His current research interests are in the area of auditor independence, audit regulation, corporate governance and audit committee. He has experience with teaching Ph.D. courses on boards and governance. Estíbaliz Biedma-López   is a lecturer in the Department of Business Economy, University Pablo de Olavide. Her research interests are in the area of audit committee, corporate governance and audit quality. Nieves Gómez-Aguilar   is an Assistant Professor of Accounting and Auditing in the Department of Business Economy, University of Cádiz. Current topics of his research are auditor independence, audit committee and audit quality.  相似文献   

3.
This paper presents evidence that corporate governance quality measured by (1) the board size and (2) the fraction of directors that serve on more corporate boards, influences the market value of firms. The analysis is based in Italy, a country that is characterized by family and concentrated ownership, low legal protection of investors and pyramidal firm structures. Our empirical results suggest that the level of ‘busy-ness’ of corporate directors as a measure of board effectiveness has a significant influence on firm’s market performance. By contrast, we find limited evidence that board size has a substantial impact on the market valuation, except in small and medium enterprises and in some specific industry sectors.
Angelo RiccaboniEmail:

Roberto Di Pietra   is a full professor in Accounting and Business Administration at the Department of Business and Social Studies, University of Siena, Italy, He received a Ph.D. in Accounting and Business Administration from the University of Pisa in 1997; he has also received a specialization in Banking in 1993. Di Pietra’s main research interests are in International Accounting (IAS/IFRS and Financial statements, IAS and corporate governance, accounting regulation, IAS and organizational learning), in Auditing and in Accounting History. Christos A. Grambovas   is currently at the Centre for the Analysis of Investment Risk of the Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester. Prior to his appointment in MBS, Christos held joint positions as a teaching and research fellow in the University of Wales, Bangor and post-doctoral research fellow in the University of Valencia. While undertaking his PhD (Wales), he was a research fellow in the University of Valencia and the Autonoma University of Madrid, as part of the EU research project ‘Harmonia’. Ivana Raonic   is Lecturer in Accounting and Finance at the CASS Business School City of London. She received a PhD in Accounting and Finance at the University of Wales. She has joined Cass Business School in 2004 and previously she has taught at the University of Siena where she spent two years as a post-doctoral research fellow. Ivana’s research interests are particularly focused on Capital markets, Corporate governance and Earnings properties. Angelo Riccaboni   is Dean of the Richard Goodwin School of Economics, University of Siena, where he teaches Management Control. He is Member of the Management Committee of the European Accounting Association. He has been a Visiting Scholar at the University of Southern California (Los Angeles), INSEAD, London School of Economics, University of Wales, Bangor (United Kingdom), Columbia Business School, DePaul University Chicago.  相似文献   

4.
We investigate the role played by a firm’s corporate governance framework in the decision to voluntarily disclose forward-looking information in the published financial reports of Australian companies in 2000 and 2002. With respect to the year 2000, the corporate governance category, audit quality, consisting of the presence and independence of the audit committee, its meeting frequency, the use of a big 6 auditor and the auditor’s independence, is positively associated with the disclosure of forward-looking information. The corporate governance category, board committees, consisting of the appointment and independence of a compensation committee and the creation of a nomination committee, and the overall efficacy of the corporate governance system are also positively associated with the disclosure of forward-looking information. However, corporate disclosure does not seem to be driven by the same factors in 2002 since in that year none of the governance categories is significantly associated with the firm’s decision to publish forward-looking information in financial reports.
Jenny Stewart (Corresponding author)Email:

Madonna O’Sullivan   PhD lectures in Accounting at Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia. Her research interests are in the area of corporate governance and auditing. Madonna recently completed her doctoral studies on “An Investigation of the Role Played by Corporate Governance in the Voluntary Disclosure of Forward-Looking Information and the Quality of Corporate Financial Reports”. Majella Percy   PhD is a senior lecturer in Accounting at Queensland University of Technology. Her research fits under the broad umbrella of corporate governance, focusing on topical international accounting issues including valuation of intangible assets especially Research & Development; the transparency/quality of both earnings and disclosures in corporate annual reports; and environmental reporting. Jenny Stewart   PhD is a Professor of Accounting in the Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia. She has held previous positions in universities in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. Jenny’s main research interests are in the areas of corporate governance and auditing, with a particular interest in the relationships between internal audit, external audit and audit committees.  相似文献   

5.
The Common Law, parliamentary democracy, and academia all institutionalize dissent to check undue obedience to authority; and corporate governance reformers advocate the same in boardrooms. Many corporate governance disasters could be averted if directors asked hard questions, demanded clear answers, and blew whistles. Work by Milgram suggests humans have an innate predisposition to obey authority. This excessive subservience of agent to principal, here dubbed a “type II agency problem”, explains directors’ eerie submission. Rational explanations are reviewed, but behavioral explanations appear more complete. Experimental work shows this predisposition disrupted by dissenting peers, conflicting authorities, and distant authorities. Thus, independent directors, chairs, and committees excluding CEOs might induce greater rationality and more considered ethics in corporate governance. Empirical evidence of this is scant—perhaps reflecting problems identifying genuinely independent directors.
Randall MorckEmail:

Randall Morck   is University Professor at the University of Alberta, where he also holds the Jarislowsky Distinguished Chair in Finance; and is also a Research Associate with the National Bureau of Economic Research. He graduated summa cum laude from Yale and earned a Ph.D. from Harvard, to which he returns occasionally as a visiting professor. With numerous research articles collectively cited over 7,300 times by other scholars., he has served as a consultant to the US and Canadian governments, the World Bank and the IMF.  相似文献   

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Corporate governance codes extensively appeal to ethical standards of conduct. Rather than being articulated alongside economic axioms, ethical and moral precepts are intertwined within neo-classical economic argumentation across corporate governance standards. This paper explores the fusion between ethics and modern economic rationality and reflects on the scientisation of economics and ethics in academic discourse. The argument is then made that the enlistment of ethics within the epistemologically privileged posture of economics characterises corporate governance codes. The UK Combined Corporate Governance Code of 2006 is analysed to draw out the paper’s contention.
Alnoor BhimaniEmail:
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8.
This article examines the effect on market valuation of both corporate governance and the diversity of activities conducted by GCC commercial banks. It shows evidence on the endogenous effect of corporate governance and the characteristics of the banking industry in determining the diversification level of a bank. Empirical findings show a bias in results using ordinary least squares regressions. When controlled for endogeneity, they indicate a negative (but weak) association between the diversification index and the market valuation—consistent with the agency-based hypothesis. Interestingly, foreign banks and corporate shareholders are effective monitors who invest in more diversified GCC banks with higher valuation multiples. Conversely, domestic corporate shareholders—related by a complex web of relationships—invest in less diversified banks with a lower market valuation. In addition, diversified commercial banks with either subsidiaries in developed countries or involvement in market-based activities have higher market valuation. The latter may be explained by the effect on performance of the recent bubble in the Arab stock market.
Salim ChahineEmail:

Dr. Salim Chahine   is a Associate Professor of Finance at the Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon. He has a Ph.D in Finance from the University of Aix-Marseille III. His research is mainly in Initial Public Offerings, Corporate Governance and Firm Valuation. He has several publications in international academic journals such as the Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, the Journal of Small Business Management, the European Accounting Review, the International Review of Financial Analysis, and the Journal Multinational Financial Management.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this essay is to briefly review the pillars and the rationale of Giddens’ theory of structuration, and offer a snapshot of the impact of these ideas on research in management accounting. Conceptualised as a way of making sense of social life, structuration theory represents a sensitizing device for researchers, which has be drawn upon “in a selective way in thinking about research questions or interpreting findings” (Giddens, Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age, 1991). In the following pages the duality of structure, the modalities of structuration, the concept of double positioning, the theory of the subject as well as concepts such as ontological security, routines or trust will be reviewed as essential elements of a vocabulary originally framed within Giddens’ The constitution of society (1984). The essay ends sketching the work of Macintosh and Scapens (Management accounting and control systems—an organisational and behavioural approach, 1990), who broke new ground to interpret management accounting systems in light of structuration theory terms and concepts, as well as some of the more recent works in accounting that have built on Giddens’ latest ideas on the The Consequences of Modernity (1990).
Cristiano BuscoEmail:

Cristiano Busco   PhD at Manchester Business School, is associate professor of management accounting at the University of Siena, Italy. He has been visiting professor at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and currently he is visiting senior lecturer at the Manchester Business School. He has published several books and articles in academic journals such as Management Accounting Research, Public Money and Management and Business Horizons, as well as in practitioner-oriented magazines such as Strategic finance (IMA), Financial Management (CIMA) and Finance & Management (ICAEW).  相似文献   

10.
In this paper we hypothesize that CEOs will be motivated to manage earnings prior to a turnover decision. This motivation comes from the horizon problem for CEOs nearing retirement age and for CEOs whose profit-based bonus is a large portion of their total compensation. We find that firms in which CEOs are nearing retirement age have large discretionary accruals in the year prior to turnover. Although we find firms with a larger proportion of profit-based bonus pay have larger discretionary accruals, this result is not robust with the inclusion of control variables in the regressions.
Wallace N. Davidson III (Corresponding author)Email:
Weihong XuEmail:
Yixi NingEmail:
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11.
It has been advocated within corporate governance that institutional investors may discipline management in listed firms and thereby alleviate the free rider problem associated with dispersed ownership. This article tests this hypothesis using a sample of Danish listed firms during 1998–2001 determining, whether ownership by institutional investors impacts performance, measured by Tobin’s q. Using three stage least squares, it is shown that aggregate ownership by institutional investors does not influence firm performance. However, when decomposing the results, it is found that joint ownership by the largest two Danish institutional investors, has a significant negative impact firm performance. Ownership by banks and to a lesser extent insurance companies significantly influences firm performance positively. The results somehow challenge the conventional wisdom, arguing that the black box view of institutional investors should be abandon. Therefore it is suggested that a more careful analysis should be devoted to each institutional investors own legal environment.
Caspar RoseEmail: Email:
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12.
Increasing globalization is driving an increase in diversity and interaction. A more mobile and international workforce frequently requires that individuals try to understand the norms of their “new” society. This paper provides a preliminary exploration of the types of issues and concerns raised by expatriates working in a new foreign environment. In particular, the paper uses a hybrid survey/interview methodology to identify specific issues raised by expatriates working in Kazakhstan, Central Asia.
P. LowEmail:
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13.
In this paper I first review the basic tenets of agency theory and theory of managerial capitalism as well as some of the major research in these areas then suggest for areas for future research that go beyond the extant empirical work. First, I suggest that it would be useful to reconsider the basic nature of the agency relationship, taking into account that while equity holders can be considered the principal, the board of directors may be more realistically in need of agent-like controls. Second, the complementary or supplementary nature of the monitoring/incentive alignment relationship has been shown theoretically but the empirical evidence is equivocal and needs future investigation. Third, there has been very limited research on the construct validity of archival measures of the sort used in agency theory. This requires the use of methodologies outside those of the more conventional type used in agency theory (i.e., from economics and finance). Finally, agency theory development would profit greatly by more extensive use of research methods such as laboratory studies and survey methodology and the integration of concepts such as personality and control processes.
Henry L. Tosi Jr.Email:
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14.
In this overview of governance mechanisms developed within open source software (OSS) circles, three types of governance are studied: ‘spontaneous’ governance, internal governance, and governance towards outside parties. Moreover, two main ways in which lessons from OSS can be applied elsewhere are explored: peer production of products other than software, and embedding ‘peer-produced’ products and peer processes into existing institutions (‘coupling’).
Paul B. de LaatEmail:
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15.
In the wake of widespread criticism for its poor performance in Hurricane Andrew in 1992, FEMA became a more effective organization under the leadership of James Witt (1993–2001). One answer to the question of how and why FEMA improved so rapidly and significantly during this period is Carpenter’s (2001) theory of “bureaucratic autonomy.” This paper defines the minimum conditions Carpenter considers necessary for the term, evaluates their applicability to FEMA during this period, and briefly examines alternative explanations for FEMA’s organizational transformation. It concludes that the innovation and entrepreneurship FEMA demonstrated during this period do indeed meet the criteria for “bureaucratic autonomy.”
Donald E. Klingner (Corresponding author)Email: URL: http://web.uccs.edu/klingner/index.html
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16.
This paper is aimed at explaining the role of public accountability in promoting public trust in public organizations. Initially a conceptual model was developed. Then, the model was tested empirically in Iran. The result shows that public accountability influences the public trust by improving citizens’ satisfaction. In other words, legal, ethical, financial, functional, and utmost political accountability affect public trust through influencing citizens’ satisfaction. This study also confirms that changes in social trust, citizens’ trust in government, and media will moderate trust in public organizations.
Ali Asghar Anvary Rostamy (Corresponding author)Email:
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17.
Does one hat fit all? The case of corporate leadership structure   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
Recent corporate scandals have led to renewed campaigns for governance reforms, including calls for the separation of CEO and chairman positions. This paper argues that this trend ignores the possibility that differences in firm characteristics determine the appropriateness of separating or combining the two positions. I propose and test hypotheses on the determinants of leadership structure using a sample of 1,883 firms. I find that organizational complexity, CEO reputation, and managerial ownership increase the probability of CEO duality. I also find that whether CEO duality benefits or hurts the firm is contingent on firm and CEO characteristics. These results suggest that firms do consider the costs and benefits of alternative leadership structures, and that requiring all firms to separate CEO and chairman duties may be counterproductive.
Olubunmi FaleyeEmail:

Olubunmi Faleye   is an Assistant Professor of Finance and the Lloyd Mullin Research Fellow at Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. He holds the Ph.D. in Finance from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. His primary areas of research are corporate governance and corporate control. His work has also been published in the Journal of Finance, the Journal of Financial Economics, and the Journal of Financial & Quantitative Analysis.  相似文献   

18.
This paper considers industry-specific contingencies that may account for some of the inter-firm heterogeneity in the deployment of specific corporate governance mechanisms in IPO firms. We examine how differences in demand, competitive, and technological uncertainty in the industry influence the levels of IPO firm monitoring by board outsiders and institutional investors. We test our theory using a sample of U.S. firms that completed an IPO in 24 manufacturing industries. The results indicate that industry uncertainty is, indeed, significantly related to the use of corporate governance mechanisms. In particular, the empirical results indicate that industry effects on IPO firm board monitoring and institutional investor ownership are the strongest and most consistent for demand uncertainty and competitive uncertainty.
Sharon WatsonEmail:

Yasemin Y. Kor   is an Associate Professor of Strategic Management at University of South Carolina. She earned her Ph.D. in Business Administration in 2001 from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research focuses on the intersections of three topics: development and renewal of firm resources and capabilities, top management teams, and corporate governance. The first stream of her research examines how firms develop and deploy their technology and human assets to generate entrepreneurial rents and competitive advantage. The second research area deals with how entrepreneurial skills, experiences, and interactions of top managers shape firms’ strategic choices (including opportunity recognition and team entrepreneurship). The third stream of her research focuses on human and social capital of board directors, and cooperative interactions and frictions between board outside directors and executives. Dr. Kor’s research has been published in Strategic Management Journal, Organization Science, and Journal of Management Studies. She received awards from Academy of Management and she currently serves on the editorial boards of Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management Studies, and International Journal of Strategic Change Management. Professor Kor has taught Strategic Management, Corporate Strategy, and Entrepreneurship courses at undergraduate and MBA levels. Joseph T. Mahoney   earned his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His doctorate from the Wharton School of Business was in Business Economics. Joe joined the College of Business of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1988, was promoted to Full Professor in 2003, and to Investors in Business Education Professor of Strategy in 2007. Joe’s research interest is organizational economics, which includes: resource-based theory, transaction costs theory, real-options theory, agency theory, property rights theory, stakeholder theory, and the behavioral theory of the firm. He has published 42 articles in journal outlets such as Journal of Management, Journal of Management Studies, Strategic Organization, and Strategic Management Journal. His publications have been cited over 2000 times from scholars in 36 countries. In 2005, he published his Sage book intended for first-year doctoral students in the Strategy field: Economic Foundations of Strategy. Currently, Joe is an Associate Editor of International Journal of Strategic Change Management, and of Strategic Management Journal. He also serves on the editorial boards of Journal of Business Research, and Journal of Management Studies. Joe has taught courses in the undergraduate, M.S., M.B.A., Executive MBA, and Ph.D. programs. He has won the outstanding teaching award (as voted by the executives) five times in the Executive MBA program. In the year 2000, he won the Graduate Studies Teaching Award for the College of Business. In the year 2005, he received honorable mention for the Campus Award for Excellence in Graduate and Professional Education. He has served on 39 completed doctoral dissertation committees. Sharon Watson   is an Associate Professor of Management at the University of Delaware and earned her Ph.D. in International Business from the University of South Carolina. Her research centers around issues involved in the management of multinational corporations. Some of the topics she has studied include foreign subsidiary strategies, interdependence among MNC subsidiaries, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and the influences of cultural values on human resources practices and outcomes. Her research has been published in outlets such as Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management Studies and Management International Review. Sharon serves on the editorial board of the Journal of Management and reviews regularly for the Journal of International Business Studies and Academy of Management Journal. She teaches undergraduate and MBA courses in Strategic Management, International Business, Strategic Thinking, and New Venture Creation.  相似文献   

19.
Student Selection and Incentives   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
The paper discusses the impact of performance based selection in secondary education on student incentives. The theoretical approach combines human capital theory with signaling theory. The consideration of signaling offers an explanation for observed performance of educational systems with a standard peer effect argument. More specifically it can be optimal to select students according to ability even if selective systems do not outperform comprehensive systems in tests. Selection achieves the same output with lower private costs for the students. The paper questions the strong focus on educational tests to measure the efficiency of selective systems as long as these tests provide no information about a student’s incentives and private costs.
Gerald EisenkopfEmail:
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20.
This study explored organizational climate perceptions within high school athletic departments from the point of view of coaches. Five key facets of job satisfaction and satisfaction with the job in general were assessed as well as the relationship between each facet and three distinctive dimensions of organizational justice. High school coaches (N = 392) indicated that their athletic departments maintained a fair operating climate and were satisfied with each of the five facets and their jobs in general. Also, a linear relationship (p ≤ 0.05) was found between each of the three fairness dimensions and each of the job satisfaction facets as well as the job itself.
Michael SmuckerEmail:
  相似文献   

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