张掖市增加农民收入问题研究

农民收入问题影响国民经济的良性循环,是全面建设小康社会的关键所在。尤其对于张掖这样一个农业人口占70%的农业大市来讲,没有农民的小康就没有全市的小康。本文从改革开放以来张掖市农民收入变化特征和构成因素入手,深入剖析了目前农民增收困难的原因,研究分析了农民增收的潜力与出路,并着重从构建农民增收的长效机制上提出了五个方面的对策措施。     

西部地区农民增收的经济学分析

农民增收是“三农”问题的核心 ,而农民增收问题的瓶颈是西部地区农民的增收问题。西部地区农民收入的缺失呈现为 :纯收入绝对数较低 ;人均收入增速减缓。拙文阐述了影响西部地区农民增收的瓶颈制约 ,并提出西部地区农民增收可选择的路径。     

关于统筹城乡发展总体思路与举措的探讨

建设社会主义新农村和小康社会是“十一五”时期的重要使命,实施城乡统筹发展是完成这一战略任务的有效和必经途径。城乡统筹发展的总体思路应实施从非均衡到均衡发展的战略,在解决农村现有体制性和结构性矛盾,调整国民经济分配格局、给农民平等发展机会和国民待遇等方面有所突破,形成城乡持续协调发展的长效机制。其举措为:从统筹城乡经济和社会发展入手,通过建立城乡统一的产权制度、户籍制度、就业制度、社会保障制度、教育制度和财税金融制度等,走出城乡分割的体制,才能充分调动城乡经济主体的积极性和创造性,使城乡步入协调发展的良性轨道。     

甘肃省统筹城乡医疗保障制度建设实证研究——以金昌市为例

现存的城乡差距和城乡二元医疗保障问题已经成为中国经济发展的制约因素。文章以甘肃金昌市城乡一体化为背景,通过社会调查的方法,从城乡医疗卫生资源配置、农民看病、职工医保覆盖面、政府的医疗保障职能等城市和农村居民的现实医疗保障情况方面,对金昌市统筹城乡医疗保障的现状与存在的问题做了实证性考察与分析,在此基础上提出了：合理配置城乡卫生资源;促进农民增收;实现各险种间的有效衔接;加大政府对医疗保障的财政支出力度等推进金昌统筹城乡医疗保障制度建设的建议。     

城乡发展和农民转移

一、城乡发展和农民的出路落后国家在向现代化发展的过程中走过了和正在走着十分不同的道路。在中国已经走过的道路中,一个十分突出的特点是城乡隔离的模式。现在,有必要也有可能对城乡隔离问题进行深入的研究并探讨以后的发展方式。城乡隔离的形成,时间在“困难时期”以后。在此之前有两件大事。一件是“大跃进”,包括大批农民进城,说明那时城乡是沟通的;另一件是人民公社化中的一平二调“共产风”。主要是后一件事,使粮食等农产品大幅度减产,全国陷入饥饿状态。于是,近两千万职工“挥之即去”,一大部分进城就业的农民又回到了农村,并从此产生了农业人口和非农业人口(即商品粮户口)的严格界限和城市户口的严格管理。这种“农”与“非”的界限以及城市户口管理制度和相应的就业制度(包括劳动人事制度和工资制度),就构成了城乡隔离的基础。     

农民增收:世纪之交的沉重课题

世纪之交中国农民增收缓慢 ,其主要原因有农业投入不足 ,基础脆弱 ,经营规模小 ,生产水平落后 ,人口不断增加 ,耕地、水资源等环境压力越来越大 ,农民科学文化素质不高 ,农产品科技含量低等。加速农民增收的思路是减少农民 ,取消对农民的各种歧视 ,打破城乡壁垒 ,发展地区经济 ,为农村富裕劳动力转移创造更多的岗位     

促进农民增收的实证分析

加强农业是保持经济发展和社会稳定的基础,解决"三农"问题是我们面临的一项长期而艰巨的任务,农民收入问题是"三农"问题的核心和根本.利用1995-2008年我国农业发展的相关时间序列数据,对农民增收的影响因素进行多元线性回归分析,模型方程的拟合结果显示,农业结构调整、改善财政支农结构、加大对农民教育的扶持、促进农村劳动力转移等是促进农民增收的有效途径.     

论农民增收与粮食安全

在以劳动密集为特点的中国,农民要增收就必须转移农村劳动力,而过量的转移又会影响粮食生产;要保证粮食生产,又必须保持足够的壮劳动力在农村从事低效的劳动,这样又会影响农民生活水平的提高。两者形成了两难困境,如何解决这一难题是当前“三农”问题的重点。     

"三农"问题与制度公正

“三农”问题严重地制约了中国社会的发展。离开对二元社会结构的变革,仅仅注重于农民的增收措施,解决不了“三农”问题。“三农”问题本质上是对农民制度歧视的结果。     

黑龙江省农民增收问题研究

黑龙江省是我国的农业大省,也是全国重要的商品粮基地.黑龙江省农民收入的变化大体经历了四个阶段.影响黑龙江省农民增收的因素主要有农业产业结构调整滞后、农业产业化水平低等五大方面,应有针对性地采取措施,增加农民的实际收入.     

What affects happiness: Absolute income,relative income or expected income?

This study probes the reasons why increased income does not enhance happiness based on the effects of relative income and expected income. The study analysis is based on results from the Taiwan Social Change Survey from 1999 to 2002, using an ordered probit model. The findings demonstrate that the Taiwanese people are happier with an increase in absolute income. However, the marginal effect is reducing. In addition, relative income and expected income meet the expectation, indicating that people's happiness is not only related to absolute income, but also closely associated with the average income found in society and expected income.     

High Incomes in Monopoly Industries: A Discussion

本文应用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,把垄断行业高收入分解为合理和不合理两个 部分。实证分析发现,垄断行业与竞争行业之间收入差距的50%以上是不合理的。这 主要是行业的垄断造成的。由于目前收入统计未能反映垄断行业的高福利,以上测量 结果显然低估了垄断行业高收入中的不合理部分。

关键词: 垄断行业?收入差距?不合理收入

Using Oaxaca‐Blinder decomposition method, we decompose high income in monopoly industries into two parts: the reasonable and the unreasonable. Empirical analyses show that over fifty percent of the income gap between monopoly industries and competitive industries is unreasonable and is brought about mainly by industrial monopolies. As current income statistics do not count the high welfare benefits in monopoly industries, the above results clearly underestimate the unreasonable component of the high income in these industries.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： INCOME INEQUALITY IN CHINA High Incomes in Monopoly Industries： A Discussion

本文应用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,把垄断行业高收入分解为合理和不合理两个部分。实证分析发现,垄断行业与竞争行业之间收入差距的50％以上是不合理的。这主要是行业的垄断造成的。由于目前收入统计未能反映垄断行业的高福利,以上测量结果显然低估了垄断行业高收入中的不合理部分。     

对黑龙江省居民收入增长缓慢问题的分析

改革开放以来 ,黑龙江省的居民收入状况发生了很大的变化 ,居民收入越来越多地受到市场因素的影响 ,收入逐年提高。但目前城乡居民收入增长缓慢 ,与发达省区的差距进一步拉大。究其原因 ,既有经济增长滞后因素的影响 ,也有宏观分配体制不完善的因素     

Make Efforts to Develop an Olive-shaped Distribution Pattern: An Analysis Based on Data from the Chinese Social Survey for 2006-2013

Increasing the proportion of the middle income group is key to shrinking the income gap and developing an olive-shaped distribution structure in China. Data from the Chinese Social Survey for 2006 to 2013 show that the proportion of the middle income group oscillates between 27 percent and 28 percent. It is estimated that by 2020, we will have achieved an initial olive-shaped distribution structure (larger in the middle and smaller at each end) if the average income of the lower and lower middle income groups can be quadrupled and that of the middle and high income groups can be doubled. To achieve this aim, we need to ensure that residents’ incomes rise faster than GDP, continue large-scale poverty reduction, endeavor to improve the employment situation for college graduates and the new generation of migrant workers, improve the social security system, stabilize the price of goods and housing, and alleviate the pressure on the lower middle income group.     

我国居民消费需求现状、制约因素及对策研究

国际金融动荡引起我国出口形势恶化,我国经济今后将主要由国内需求特别是消费需求来拉动。当前国内消费需求总量虽在增长,但消费增长低于同期GDP的增长,居民消费率持续走低,城乡居民消费需求不平衡,差距逐年扩大。居民收入的增长缓慢、居民收入差距的持续扩大,从根本上制约了国内消费需求的增长。必须采取相应的政策和措施,加快居民收入增长速度,缩小收入差距,这样才能从根本上解决问题。     

扩大中等收入者比重的经济学分析

十六大报告在深化分配制度改革中提出,以共同富裕为目标,扩大中等收入者比重,提高低收入者收入水平。这是一个创新的理论,有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文首先分析了中等收入阶层的社会功能,并提出了扩大中等收入者比重的理论依据和作用。     

Intergenerational income mobility and inequality in South Korea

Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), recent trends in intergenerational income mobility were explored, examining the relationship between income mobility and income inequality in South Korea. The study found that the intergenerational elasticity of income is about 0.2 and there is no clear‐cut trend in intergenerational income mobility. In addition, this study showed that there is no systematic relation between rising income inequality and intergenerational income mobility in contemporary Korea. Overall, the results indicate that intergenerational income mobility is irresponsive to the income inequality the respondents experienced growing up. It is assumed that education and welfare transfer programs might offset the consequences of income inequality by leading to upward mobility for children from low‐income households.     

Income management in Australia: A critical examination of the evidence

The introduction of income management – sometimes called welfare quarantining – for subgroups of Australian income security recipients within the Northern Territory, and subsequently a number of other trial sites, has provoked considerable contention. The present study critically examined the arguments and evidence presented in favour of income management with particular reference to the guidelines, methodology and findings of official evaluations conducted by the Commonwealth Government. We identified five key issues that do not seem to be adequately addressed by official evaluations: choice and control, the quality of decision making, consultation with local community members, structural disadvantage and economic cost. We used these concepts to develop a proposed alternative model for assessing the impact of income management on local communities.     

城乡居民收入差距持续扩大对经济效率的影响

在中央政府大力强调城乡统筹发展的背景下,农民收入持续快速增长,但城乡居民收入差距继续扩大。城乡收入差距过大,将对社会经济的健康发展造成负面影响。城乡居民收入差距持续扩大不仅将导致有效需求不足,还加剧了产业结构的不合理,加速了资本深化进程。