The Role of Formal and Informal Groups in Providing Help to Older People

No abstract available for this article.     

Diversity,Poverty, and Resources: The Role of Incentives and Capacity in the Presence of Highly Resourced Neighborhood Associations

Highly resourced neighborhood associations are not spread evenly across U.S. urban neighborhoods. It is not the neediest or the wealthiest neighborhoods that have these associations but those that have needs-based incentives and the capacity to act upon them, leaving those that most lack capacity without these valuable resources. The incentives and capacities needed for highly resourced neighborhood associations are rooted in the composition of the neighborhood. Diverse and impoverished neighborhoods have the requisite incentives to organize, but only neighborhoods with individual and organizational resources have the capacity to act on these incentives. It is the interaction between incentives and capacities that enable large neighborhood associations to locate in a neighborhood. This argument finds support in statistical analyses of census-tract-level variation in the presence of highly-resourced neighborhood associations in the 100 most populated metropolitan statistical areas in 2009.     

Living Arrangements and Informal Support for the Elderly

ABSTRACT

A network of informal care and support provided by family, friends and neighbors often forms the basis for elderly care. Changes in the structure of Chinese family alter this supportive function, and changes in traditional values affect the nature of the network and support provided. This is especially so in modernized Hong Kong where the traditional role of the family and especially children's duty of care for their aged parents (“filial piety”) may be weakening. This proposition was investigated by a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with 50 older persons in a modern new town (Tuen Mun) in Hong Kong. Living arrangements, geographical proximity and the quality of relationships between potential caregivers and the elderly affected needs for and provision of informal support. Traditional Confucian filial piety is undergoing modification, perhaps erosion, implying ongoing changes in inter-generational relations in this modernized Asian society.     

The Role of Religiosity for Formal and Informal Volunteering in the Netherlands

This paper deals with the question: To what extent do individual religious characteristics, in addition to collective religious characteristics, contribute to the explanation of formal and informal volunteering in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 21st century? To answer this research question, we used the SOCON 2005–2006 dataset. Our main finding concerns informal volunteering: we found that spirituality increases the likelihood of informal volunteering, implying that openness to other people’s needs increases the likelihood of the actual provision of help. There are no other aspects of religiosity that are related to informal volunteering. With regard to formal volunteering we found that, in line with previous research, religious attendance is related positively to formal volunteering, religious as well as secular volunteering, which can be regarded as support for the proposition that religious involvement is important for norm conformity. Further, having a more religious worldview decreases the likelihood of formal volunteering which might show that those with a strong religious worldview are more concerned with the ‘otherworldly’ and less so with what they do in this world. We found no influence of individual religious characteristics on formal volunteering. These results confirm the idea that integration into a religious community plays quite a large role in explaining formal volunteering. Informal volunteering, however, seems to be independent of social networks: it rather depends on individual motivation.     

The Search for the Etiology of Autism

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - This special section on autism etiology began with the paper submitted to The Analysis of Verbal Behavior by Drash and Tutor, who propose that autism is a...     

The Role of State Housing Finance Agencies in Providing Housing for the Elderly:

No abstract available for this article.     

完善上海市工业用地供地方式研究

工业用地招拍挂出让制度较好地发挥了市场在土地资源配置中的基础性作用,但由于工业项目的产业性、带动性和科技性等特点,这种单一供地方式不完全适应经济发展方式转变与产业结构快速调整升级的需要。     

Providing Student Health Services at Sea: A Survey of Chief Complaints Onboard a Maritime Academy Training Ship

Abstract. Objective: The authors describe the epidemiology of infirmary chief complaints aboard a collegiate maritime training ship. Participants: They assessed patients (N = 646 visits) evaluated by the USTS Enterprise medical department during a 44-day sea term from January to February 2007. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of infirmary use and extracted information on age, sex, rank, chief complaints, and frequency of visits. Results: Overall, 646 visits were made. The most common complaints were dermatologic (30.1%): rash, skin infection, laceration, and sunburn. Together, ear, nose, and throat and dermatologic complaints accounted for 57.6% of all visits. Work-related complaints accounted for 12.5% of recorded visits. Compared with the ship population, senior and female cadets had more visits than the average. Port departure days were typically the busiest. Conclusions: Among healthy, college-aged cadets at sea, typical primary care constitute comprise the majority of visits.     

Incentives for International Migration of Scientists and Engineers to Japan

Many developed countries, welcome foreign talent, and Japan is no exception. The Japanese government has developed programmes for expanding the acceptance of foreign labour in specialized and technical fields, in order to compete with foreign nations in the global economy and accommodate the highly specialized domestic industrial structure. This paper focuses on scientists and engineers (S&E) as a component of the highly skilled labour force, and examines their incentives for migrating to Japan, which is one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world. According to a survey conducted in 2004, the majority of S&E working in Japan migrated from Asian nations, and many obtained their doctoral degrees in Japan and continued to stay in the country to work. Key incentives for migration are Japan’s high level of science and technology, opportunities to acquire cutting‐edge knowledge, and prospects for improving performance in an environment with large budgets, superior equipment and facilities, and good quality human resources. In particular, the technological environment is influential for S&E from countries with a significant technological gap when compared with Japan. However, this does not mean that S&E are indifferent to monetary rewards. The salary gap, which is considered to be a major factor in international mobility in to traditional economic theory, has also proven to be a significant incentive, particularly for S&E from countries where the gap in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita compared with Japan is large. In addition, cultural and social aspects of Japan attract mainly young S&E. The attractiveness of Japanese culture, opportunities to learn the Japanese language, and chances to build a network of personal contacts are important incentives for migration. This study presents some policy implications for countries competing over capable S&E.     

Sexual Misconduct in the Clergy: The Search for the Father

This paper explores how clergy sexual misconduct occurs at the intersection of spirituality, sexuality, and unchallenged omnipotence. Pathological relations to sexuality and power often reflect a narcissistic refusal of certain existential givens, such as difference, limit, separateness, and lack. The teachings of Christianity, the hierarchy of the Catholic organization, and the demand for celibacy can offer pathological solutions for problems with sexuality, power, and narcissistic vulnerability. Fantasies of merger can collapse the boundaries of time, space, difference, and separateness, as well as offer a triumph over oedipal rivalry without competition, aggression, or envy. Through the Holy Spirit, the third vector of the Trinity, a priest may become one with Christ and God. He finds maternal holding through merger with her, the church, while taking in and becoming one with a masculine and omnipotent ideal with him, Christ and God. In this way, the hierarchy of the church may support omnipotence rather than challenge it while at the same time offering a vehicle for its disavowal.     

发展性:奖励与惩罚在德育中的运用

奖励与惩罚是最为常用的对儿童行为进行反馈的方法,但这两种看似简单的方法却隐含着复杂的发展性功能,如若运用不当,不仅不能促进反而会阻碍儿童道德自我的建构.具有发展性功能的奖励不仅仅是对外在行为的强化,更应有利于儿童内在道德动机的激发;具有发展性功能的惩罚不是简单地指出错误,还要帮助儿童选择合适的行为方式.     

Informal Caregiving and the Politics of Policy Drift in the United States

Informal caregivers play an increasingly important role in caring for aging Americans. Yet existing social policies that could support informal caregiving have experienced “policy drift,” a failure to adapt to social risks that develop after policies are initially enacted. This article examines policy makers’ success at updating seven major policies to address caregiver needs. It draws on an original data set of legislation in this area introduced between 1991 and 2006 (n = 96). Findings indicate that drift is more likely when policy updates are costly, lack support from members of majority parties in the House and Senate, and fail to generate bipartisan support.     

Entering into a Collaborative Search for Meaning with Gay and Lesbian Youth in Out-of-Home Care: An Empowerment-Based Model for Training Child Welfare Professionals

Utilizing an empowerment-based approach, which incorporates self-identified gay and lesbian youths and openly gay and lesbian child welfare professionals as collaborative partners in the process, this article offers a model for training child welfare professionals to work more effectively with gay and lesbian youth in out-of-home care. This three hour training model empowers the gay and lesbian youth, whose voices have been subjugated, to emerge as the experts in training child welfare professionals to more competently and responsively address and meet their needs.