关于青少年毒品预防教育的思考

青少年吸毒人数在我国吸毒人数中所占比重较大,给个人、家庭和社会带来严重危害。“一日吸毒,终生戒毒”,因此,对青少年进行毒品预防教育至关重要。本文分析了青少年吸毒的危害及其原因,指出毒品预防教育是青少年禁毒工作的“治本之策”,并具体阐述了对青少年进行毒品预防教育的措施。     

社会转型初期青少年吸毒者的毒品使用生涯研究

关注青少年群体的成瘾问题是我国毒品问题治理的应有之义,但当前针对该群体成瘾原因的探讨存在静态呈现个人经历和理论演绎分析的倾向,这既不利于完整把握青少年吸毒者使用毒品的经历,也难以为青少年毒品问题的预防和矫治工作提供有效借鉴。"毒品使用生涯"是西方学者审视个体吸毒经历的成熟研究范式,能够为动态理解青少年吸毒成瘾问题提供独特视角。基于15名在我国社会转型初期开始吸食毒品且目前保持良好操守的戒毒康复人员的深度访谈材料,将其毒品使用生涯划分为毒品消费阶段、毒品维持阶段和意义迷失阶段。这一过程不仅体现为个体心理演变与吸毒行为的发展变化,更是个人特质与其所处社会结构之间互构的结果。应对青少年毒品问题的一个重要方向在于协助他们重新建构起新的生命意义,不断追求和创造作为一名正常社会成员的主体立场和存在方式。     

消灭毒品:中国的一场硬仗(英文)

据统计,全国因吸毒造成的死亡人数累计达33975名。据国家禁毒委介绍,截至2004年底,我国现有吸毒人员已达79.1万名,比2003年上升6.8%。在吸毒人员中,35岁以下的青少年占70%。受国际国内因素的影响,我国毒品向题又出现了蔓延的趋势。毒品不知给多少个人和家庭带来了深重的灾难。开展禁毒斗争,扫除毒品祸害,是中国政府的历史责任。当前,一场禁毒人民战争正在神州大地如火如荼地进行。     

社会工作：一种全新的戒毒理念与方法

尽管我国在打击吸食毒品方面不断加大投入，但迄今为止，形势依然相当严峻，这集中表现为：首先，我国已经从毒品过境国转变为毒品消费国；其次，吸毒人员总体数量居高不下，而且，青少年吸毒人员、女性吸毒人员、无业吸毒人员、低收入吸毒人员以及农村吸毒人员呈现出持续上升的势头；第三，新型毒品使用种类日益繁多；第四，吸毒行为与卖淫、盗窃等违法犯罪行为交叉叠加的现象越来越严重。     

动力火车开起来——自愿戒毒者之陪护小组工作

戒毒康复者的陪护们是一个很特殊的群体，一方面他们异常痛恨毒品和吸毒者，另一方面他们的亲人却是吸毒者，这种既爱又恨的情绪，让他们处在矛盾当中。他们看到了毒品对亲人的毒害，甚至他们已经饱尝了亲人吸毒造成的伤害和折磨，     

禁毒社会工作艰辛＆前行——从“海星”到“拾星者”的蜕变

在全球范围内,毒品泛滥都是个极难治理的问题。多少人因吸毒而痛苦不堪、家破人亡．甚至引发盗窃。抢劫等违法犯罪行为。吸毒人员戒断毒瘾回归社会后。其中又有多少人由于种种原因陷入“屡戒屡吸、屡吸屡戒”的恶性循环。因此。在严厉打击毒品犯罪．控制毒品蔓延的同时。戒毒人员的社区康复也同样不容忽视。     

涅檗

在从事禁毒社会工作的过程中,那些青少年吸毒人群尤其令我感到痛心,他们如同花朵般,正处在含苞待放的季节,却被毒品摧残得花枝凋零。而因为父母无原则性的溺爱和退让导致青少年子女积重难返,往往更让人扼腕和深省。     

毒品法律:刚柔并济?

联合国发布的《2006世界毒品报告》显示:在过去一年当中,全球约有2亿人口曾经吸食过毒品,占15岁至64岁年龄段人口总数的5%,几乎没有一个国家能够幸免。毒品问题已经成为全球共同面临的考验。事实上,这     

女事资讯

我国登记在册吸毒人员达６８万 我国禁毒工作所面临的形势依然严峻。据介绍,１９９９年全国登记在册的吸毒人员达到了６８．１万余人。在吸毒人员中,１７－３５岁的人占到了７７．９％,社会闲散人员约占一半。 吸毒引发了严重的社会问题,仅据京、津等１０个省、区、市的不完全统计,由吸毒诱发的杀人、盗窃、抢劫、诈骗、伤害等刑事案件的２．６万余起,各类治安案件约３．８万起,严重危害了当地的社会治安。 经吸毒传播的艾滋病问题也日益严重。截至１９９９年底,３１个省、区、市已全部发现艾滋病病毒感染者,共１７３０２例,其中…     

动态、风险与防护:未成年人吸毒行为分析

从近3年我国查获的未成年人吸毒情况来看,未成年人吸毒现象出现了总体数量增长、地区分布集中、毒品种类变化等特点。这些变化特征表明:未成年人吸毒的总体风险上升、不同地区的吸毒风险不同,不同毒品类型的风险存在差异。从未成年人的寄存空间来看,未成年人的吸毒风险主要存在于家庭、学校、社会三个方面,并会随着条件的转变而发生变化。对未成年人吸毒的风险防控应当从未成年人自我控制和环境控制两个层面进行构建。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.