Home country impact on Outward FDI from India

The altering policy environment in emerging markets and the surge in their outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) calls for an empirical investigation. Accordingly, this paper examines the effect of home country macroeconomic conditions and Government policies on the OFDI flows from India during the period 1984 to 2015. Incorporating the structural breaks in the empirical model, results indicate the existence of a long-run relationship between OFDI flows and home country macroeconomic and Government policies. Government policies relating to foreign trade and investment and financial sector development are found to be significant determinants. The results also suggest the need for the Government to enhance its effort on the development of knowledge infrastructure in order to support the OFDI from India's manufacturing sector and thereby contribute to the success of “Make in India” programme. Policy implications are discussed.     

Understanding the cultural adaptation of foreign wives of South Korean men

‘International marriage’ has increased within rural areas in South Korea. As an increasing number of rural women move to urban areas, men are left facing the challenges of finding appropriate spouses. This issue stimulated support for ‘international marriages’ by the Korean government. A review was carried out of the literature of foreign wives' cultural adaptation in South Korea using the ecological systems. While foreign wives have escaped the hardships of lower economic status in their home country, they often face new challenges in South Korea. The article recommends that one-stop multicultural services are needed to address the cultural issues facing non-Korean women.     

论我国非营利组织所得税优惠政策及其法理基础

非营利组织所得税优惠制度在我国已经粗具雏形.国内学界对于这一制度法理基础的论证尚未开始.理论基础的缺位导致非营利组织所得税优惠制度在现实中难以得到认同.希冀国外相关基础理论的引入将在一定程度上填补理论空白;国内相关制度发展脉络的梳理呈现出在基本问题上逐渐明朗的态势.所有这些努力将有助于正确解读、理性审视和贯彻落实现有非营利组织所得税优惠制度.     

The E nigma of Under-urbanization: An Explanation Based on International Trade

To study the relationship between under-urbanization and international trade, we set up a model of the transfer of surplus rural labor in an open economy using 1995-2010 data from 40 countries and regions where industrialization was incomplete. Our findings indicate that if, in an open economy, there is a substantial labor surplus and in which domestic goods and services can be sold to foreign markets, there will be a significantly positive correlation between the net export ratio and the degree to which urbanization lags behind industrialization; countries or regions with higher marketization level, lower urban unemployment rate and poorer public health facilities are more likely to be under- urbanized; and an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between under-urbanization and per capita GDP.     

The Sale of Goods to The Public on Credit

Credit sales to the public, i.e., on an installment basis, are acquiring more and more significance for the development and improvement of retail trade in our nation. The constant and considerable growth in the production of consumer goods, especially durable goods, and the steady rise in the organizational and cultural level of Soviet trade are the basic prerequisites for the expansion of the sale of goods on this basis. At the same time, the development of consumer credit is itself stimulating the expansion and increased effectiveness of the production and sale of consumer goods. By way of example, it can be noted that the sale of goods on a deferred-payment basis furthers the expansion of progressive forms of trade (on the basis of samples, advance orders, home deliveries of goods, etc.) and exerts a considerable positive impact on the expansion of production and sale of consumer goods. With the absolute domination of public ownership, the sale of goods on credit becomes one of the methods of attaining the goal of socialist production, i.e., the constant improvement of the well-being of the working people.     

我国外部经济失衡调节的政策趋向

2000年以来,我国国际收支顺差和外汇储备急剧增长,外部经济出现了失衡,已引起国内外政府官员、专家学者、业界人士的高度关注。如何调节外部经济失衡、实现内部与外部经济均衡正成为宏观经济理论与政策的热点课题。文章通过对我国外部经济失衡及其效应分析,重点研究了以财政政策为主的政策配合调节机制和完善内外经济均衡的长效机制。     

On the Zinov′ev Phenomenon

The Soviet Union occupies a firm place in foreign markets, its foreign trade turnover having moved up to sixth place in the world. Last year its foreign trade turnover topped 42 billion rubles, an increase of 25% as against 1958 in comparable prices. Soviet exports in the same period rose by 27%. This was the peak year for Soviet exports. In absolute figures the export of goods from the USSR amounted to 21.7 billion rubles in 1959 as against 7.2 billion rubles in 1950.     

The impact of infectious diseases on remittances inflows to India

The economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be grimmer when observed from the migration perspective. Remittances play a vital role in economic development of India through promoting output growth, household spending on health and education, poverty alleviation, financial inclusion and entrepreneurship. Given the importance of remittances, it is important to analyse how the current pandemic will influence the remittances inflows to India. Towards this end, the study employs a gravity model approach to the determinants of remittances with special attention to the impact of infectious diseases in the host countries. The present study constructs a dataset on bilateral remittances from 99 destination countries and utilizes the data on prevalence of infectious diseases in the host countries during the period 2000–2018 to assess the impact of the latter on the inflows of remittances to India. The results of the study based on a variety of estimators tackling various econometric issues suggest a statistically significant negative impact of prevalence of infectious diseases in the host country on the inflows of remittances. The negative impact of infectious diseases on remittances suggest that while there are downside risks in the wake of current pandemic, the scenario does not seem to be that bleak as the remittances to India are countercyclical with respect to economic growth in the home country and largely decoupled from host country macroeconomic fundamentals. As the remittances act as shock absorbers during the time of low economic growth in the home country, India must further build up a conducive eco system to nurture these valuable foreign exchange in a well directed manner.     

公共物品与政府职能的区域差异

公共物品的“公共性”表现为消费的“非竞争性”和“非排他性” ,这种公共性有一定的范围 ,并且与个体的收入水平正相关。收入水平不同的地区对公共物品的需求具有差异性 ,但我国目前各级政府的公共物品供给与各地区的需求并不相符 ,不发达地区的公共物品供给严重不足     

汇率制度退出与转型：文献综述

如何退出已有汇率制度安排，向更具弹性的汇率制度转型？这是当前新兴市场和发展中国家面临的一个重要问题。在维持已有制度的边际成本与边际收益一致时退出已有汇率制度是最优的。最佳退出时机的经验判断原则取决于该国的经济结构、经济发展阶段、经济冲击、政治与制度因素等。这些因素同时也决定了该国汇率制度退出和转型的策略选择。汇率制度转型所需的基本条件是：一个具有一定深度和一定流动性的外汇市场，一套连贯的中央银行外汇市场干预的政策措施，一个恰当的名义锚，监测和管理公共部门和私人部门外汇风险暴露的有效机制。     

“有限理性”视角下的组织决策: 基于一个援助扶贫项目的个案研究

本研究以“有限理性”理论为基本理论分析框架，基于一个中国事业单位承办的，涉及多方组织合作的林业扶贫项目的个案调查，通过四部分的描述——项目目标确立过程、项目地区选择、社区林业评估工作以及物资采购，通过对项目进行全景式的描述与分析，进而在若干个层面上讨论种种影响组织逐渐偏离其既定目标的因素及其影响机制。     

公共品概念的扩展:软品与硬品的一种组合

传统的公共品定义难以对公共品的供给低效率问题给出有力的解释,从公共品概念扩展的角度,探索提高公共品供给效率的理论基础成为近期公共经济学有待研究的重要问题.文章从供求两方面和个人参与物品供给决策或公共选择的角度,对公共品的概念进行新的扩展,将公共品视为软品和硬品的一种组合,并使用图解法初步给出公共品最优供给的均衡及其条件.     

Re-estimation of China＇s Degree of Trade Dependence and External Imbalance： Value-added Statistics in the Global Production Chain＊

GDP与外贸数据的扭曲夸大了中国外贸依存度及外贸失衡度。GDP的扭曲主要来自汇率法与购买力平价法估算的差异；贸易数据扭曲包括：关境统计的重复计算以及由产权问题导致的国际贸易物流与资金流的不一致。对2007年我国实际外贸依存度及其失衡度的重估显示：2007年中国的外贸依存度从官方统计的68．02％下调为31．59％，外贸失衡度也从官方统计的10．13％下调为2．11％。所谓“中国操纵汇率”的指责是毫无根据的。     

我国涉外产品责任法律适用制度的立法完善

随着世界经济的进一步发展 ,涉外产品责任案件日益增多。伴随这一发展趋势 ,有关确定涉外产品责任的法律适用逐渐成为国际私法研究的热点问题。目前我国还尚未建立有关确定涉外产品责任的专门法律制度 ,而是笼统地采用适用侵权行为地法。这一做法使原本复杂的法律问题变得过于简单化。文章是在对传统法律制度进行分析的基础上 ,提出确定涉外产品责任法律适用制度的发展趋势及我国在这一领域内的立法完善 ,以促进我国涉外产品责任专门法律制度的尽快建立。     

Savings and economic growth in South Africa: A multivariate causality test

This study takes a fresh look at the direction of causality between savings and economic growth in South Africa during the period 1950–2005. The study was motivated by the low and declining savings rate currently prevailing in South Africa, on the one hand, and the dwindling level of economic growth experienced in the country during the 1990s, on the other. Given the weakness associated with the bivariate causality framework, the current study incorporates foreign capital inflow as an intermittent variable in the bivariate model between savings and economic growth—thereby creating a simple trivariate causality framework. Using the cointegration-based error–correction mechanism, the study finds a bi-directional causality between savings and economic growth to prevail in the short run and a distinct unidirectional causal flow from economic growth to savings to dominate in the long run. On balance, the study finds growth-led savings to predominate in South Africa. The results also show that foreign capital inflow and savings Granger-cause each other, while economic growth Granger causes foreign capital inflow. The study, therefore, recommends that in the short run, South African policies should be geared towards achieving both higher savings and economic growth in order to boost investors’ confidence and to attract foreign capital inflow. However, in the long run, the country should shift its focus towards achieving higher economic growth, in order to boost the domestic savings and to sustain a steady flow of foreign capital investment.     

日美对外贸易政策的取向及启示

日本和美国的对外贸易政策是随着国内外经济环境的变化而不断地进行调整和完善的。一方面,对外贸易政策在总体趋势上呈现自由化;另一方面,又根据各自经济贸易发展的实际大力推行管理贸易。中国在对外贸易政策的选择上,既要将贸易自由化作为对外贸易政策的基本取向,更要适应国际贸易发展趋势,加大实施管理贸易的力度。     

人民币升值压力与中国的对策

人民币名义汇率的升值趋势 ,从 1994年汇率并轨时即确立。作者在 1994年就预测人民币“稳中有升”的趋势可以延续到 2 0世纪末。现在可以把预测再延长 5— 8年 ,在此期间人民币将受到越来越大的升值压力。国家可以通过扩大汇率浮动范围 ,放松外汇管制 ,调整国内经济政策 ,一方面消化升值压力 ,一方面逐步实现“浮动升值”。文章通过历史和理论分析 ,论证了人民币升值期的根据和影响 ,并且进一步提出了以汇率为中心调整国内外经济不平衡的政策建议     

论我国企业应对国外反倾销指控的有效途径

加入WTO以来,我国企业遭遇国外反倾销案的数量有所回落,但仍是遭遇反倾销指控最多的国家,极大地影响了我国出口贸易的正常进行。这一方面是因为国际环境发生了变化,贸易保护主义有所增强,各国纷纷采取各种措施保护国内市场;另一方面是由于我国企业自身存在着价格过度竞争,出口产品结构不合理,面对指控应诉不力等。因此,我国企业应加强对《反倾销协议》及各国国内反倾销法的了解,建立现代企业制度,规范企业行为,优化产业结构,采取积极有效的措施,竭尽全力应对国外反倾销指控。     

政府影响经济增长机制的制度分析

政府影响经济增长的机制主要是一个制度问题政府界定产权、实施产权,以提供一种生产性的制度;政府制定生产计划和宏观政策以弥补制度的非生产性;通过国有企业使得制度更有生产性.这样便将政府对经济增长的作用机制融入了制度经济学的分析框架之内.     

韩国应对新冠疫情冲击的社会经济政策及其绩效分析

新冠病毒疫情对韩国社会经济产生了严重的影响,韩国政府采取了多方面的社会经济政策防控疫情,取得了较好的成效,也存在着教训。政府在疫情发生时快速响应,启动公共卫生防疫体系,是使疫情得到有效控制的重要因素。但是在宗教活动中多次发生集体感染,是值得总结的教训。为了应对新冠疫情对社会经济的冲击,韩国政府采取一系列措施较好地控制了疫情在全国范围内的大规模扩散和蔓延;同时,积极采取扩大财政预算、促进对外贸易、扶持受疫情严重影响的产业以及宽松的货币政策等一系列宏观经济政策以及稳定就业、发放灾害补助、支援企业发展等微观经济措施,恢复经济发展。