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1.
Judith Christine Streak Derek Yu Servaas Van der Berg 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):183-201
This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES)
and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the
40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively
insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children
living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount
measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high.
These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line
based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the
welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst
children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households
with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst
children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst
African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising
children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years. 相似文献
2.
Tiffany L. Cox Christie Zunker Brooks Wingo Dana-Marie Thomas Jamy D. Ard 《Social indicators research》2010,99(3):531-540
African American (AA) women’s preference for a larger body size and underestimation of their body weight may affect the relationship
between their body weight and weight-related quality of life (QOL). We wanted to examine the relationship between weight-related
QOL and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of overweight AA women. Thirty-three overweight AA women completed a clinic visit
to measure height, weight, and complete surveys including the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) and the
Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight. Correlations and linear regression models
were estimated using SAS v 9.1. In this sample, the mean total quality of life score was 78.00 ± 17.68 on a 100 point scale.
There was a modest correlation between BMI and total weight-related QOL (r = −0.034, p = 0.053). Body image dissatisfaction was the strongest predictor of total quality of life score (p = 0.04). African American women’s unique cultural perception of body image may play a key role in weight-related QOL. 相似文献
3.
E. Scott Huebner Julie L. Seligson Robert F. Valois Shannon M. Suldo 《Social indicators research》2006,79(3):477-484
There are few psychometrically sound measures of life satisfaction suitable for children and adolescents. The purpose of this
paper is to describe the rationale, development, and psychometric properties of a brief multidimensional life satisfaction
scale appropriate for use with children of ages 8–18. The paper summarizes extant studies of its reliability and validity
and discusses essential future research. Additionally, the potential uses of the BMSLSS in research and practice are elaborated. 相似文献
4.
K. S. Kavi Kumar Maithili Ramachandran Brinda Viswanathan 《Social indicators research》2009,90(3):365-380
Weight-for-squared height or body mass index (BMI) is often considered as an effective predictor of morbidity and mortality
rates. This study uses BMI data from a sample of ever-married women in the age group of 15–49 years in the North Indian state
of Uttar Pradesh for the year 1998–1999, to analyse the determinants of chronic energy deficiency (CED) and estimate the population
vulnerable to CED. The results highlight that CED rates and vulnerability rates can be very different, emphasizing need for
policy intervention to focus on ‘potential’ CED persons. The characteristics of vulnerable population identified would be
appropriate channels for policy intervention.
相似文献
K. S. Kavi KumarEmail: |
5.
Davis Porinchu Tharayil 《Social indicators research》2012,106(2):307-321
As the existing scales to measure loneliness are almost all Western and there is no single scale developed cross-culturally
for this purpose, this study is designed to develop a reliable and valid scale to measure the experience of loneliness of
individuals from individualistic or collectivistic cultures. There are three samples for this study with a total of 495 male
and female international (n = 202) and local (n = 293) participants (Age range 19–60 years). An initial pool of 70 item scale was administered to a sample of 202 participants
(20–60 years old) from 41 countries of the world with collectivistic and individualistic cultures and the data was subjected
to factor analysis using principal component extraction. Evidence shows a unidimensional factor loading. The extracted items
were subjected to reliability test and 25 items were obtained for the final scale of the UP Loneliness Assessment Scale (UPLAS)
with a Cronbach alpha of .93. Further analyses show the following findings: UPLAS has a significant correlation with R-UCLA
Loneliness Scale providing evidence for its moderate concurrent validity; there is a significant and inverse relationship
between the measures of UPLAS and Subjective Happiness Scale establishing its higher discriminant validity; UPLAS scores are
significantly correlated with the measures of negative self-perceptions, depression, and several emotional states associated
to loneliness and thus establishing a higher convergent validity. The designing of the UP Loneliness Assessment Scale as a
cross-cultural measurement tool may contribute to more research interests in the domain of “negative perceptions” as the most
contributing factor to loneliness across cultures. 相似文献
6.
Mariaelisa Graff Kathryn M. Yount Usha Ramakrishnan Reynaldo Martorell Aryeh D. Stein 《Demography》2010,47(1):125-144
Better childhood nutrition is associated with earlier physical maturation during adolescence and increased schooling attainment.
However, as earlier onset of puberty and increased schooling can have opposing effects on fertility, the net effect of improvements
in childhood nutrition on a woman’s fertility are uncertain. Using path analysis, we estimate the strength of the pathways
between childhood growth and subsequent fertility outcomes in Guatemalan women studied prospectively since birth. Height for
age z score at 24 months was positively related to body mass index (BMI kg/m2) and height (cm) in adolescence and to schooling attainment. BMI was negatively associated (−0.23 ± 0.09 years per kg/m2; p < . 05) and schooling was positively associated (0.38 ± 0.06 years per grade; p < .001) with age at first birth. Total
associations with the number of children born were positive from BMI (0.07 ± 0.02 per kg/m2; p < .05) and negative from schooling (−0.18 ± 0.02 per grade; p < .01). Height was not related to age at first birth or
the number of children born. Taken together, childhood nutrition, as reflected by height at 2 years, was positively associated
with delayed age at first birth and fewer children born. If schooling is available for girls, increased growth during childhood
will most likely result in a net decrease infertility. 相似文献
7.
Family Life Quality and Emotional Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents with and Without Economic Disadvantage 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Chinese secondary school students (N = 2758) responded to measures of perceived family life quality (parenting quality and parent–child relational quality) and
emotional quality of life (hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction and self-esteem). Parenting quality included different
aspects of parental behavioral control (parental knowledge, expectation, monitoring, discipline and demandingness as well
as parental control defined in terms of indigenous Chinese concepts), parental psychological control, and parental responsiveness
whereas parent–child relational quality included satisfaction with parental control, child’s readiness to communicate with
the parents, parental trust of the child, and child’s trust of the parent. Results showed that parenting quality and parent–child
relational quality in poor families were generally poorer than those of non-poor families and the differences were more pronounced
in paternal parenting quality and father–child relational quality than in maternal parenting quality and mother–child relational
quality. Emotional quality of life of adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage was also found to be poorer than that
of adolescents not experiencing economic disadvantage. The present findings replicate the previous research findings in the
literature and generate a pioneering dataset based on Chinese adolescents at Secondary 2 level in Hong Kong. 相似文献
8.
Dejian Lai 《Social indicators research》2009,90(2):257-265
After the first large scale national sampling survey on handicapped persons in 1987, China conducted its second national sampling
survey in 2006. Using the data from these two surveys and the national life tables, we computed and compared the expected
years of life free of handicapped condition by the Sullivan method. The expected years of life lived with handicap for the
Chinese population increased from 4.87 years for males and 5.81 years for females in 1987 to 5.55 years and 6.32 years in
2006, respectively. The same trend was observed for people in working ages (15–64) and old ages (65+). However, the expected
years of life lived with handicap decreased for children (0–14). Our results also showed that the effect of skeletal handicap
increased notably for both sexes. Healthy life expectancy is an important indicator in measuring quality of life of a population.
Our study utilized this measurement to quantify one aspect of quality of life of the Chinese population. 相似文献
9.
Andy Sharma 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(6):817-838
I test if selective out-migration of unhealthy seniors explains why disability rates are so much lower for Florida, as compared
to the national average. This particular area of research is timely given the significant demographic changes relating to
aging. Moreover, this study contributes to the body of literature examining migration with respect to disability and widowhood.
Using State Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) and Public Use Microdata Areas (PUMA), I create national maps showing
disability rates for the following age-groups: 50–59, 60–69, and 70+. After creating maps in ARCGIS and conducting univariate
and clustering analysis on mobility disability and personal care limitation, I employ multinomial logit (MNL) analysis to
test if individuals with disability are more likely to out-migrate from Florida. The regression analyses lend support to the
relaxed Litwak and Longino (The Gerontologist, 27(3): 266–272, 1987) second-move hypothesis, which claims individuals with progressively worse health are more likely to undertake another move
to be closer to family and friends. I state “relaxed” because the data does not allow one to determine the reason for migration—only
that migration occurred during the past year. This research informs policy-makers to recognize that elderly in better health
may migrate to places such as Arizona and Florida due to amenity-seeking behavior, but unhealthy elderly are more likely to
leave these states due to assistance-seeking behavior. This out-migration can place excess demand on health services for the
incoming regions, which requires state and local government to ensure resources are in place. Also noteworthy, my results
are less likely to be flawed by erroneous age and sex data in the public use microdata samples (IPUMS) since I stack the 2006
and 2007 American Community Survey (ACS). A recent working studies by Alexander et al. (Inaccurate age and sex data in the
Census PUMS files: Evidence and implications. Munich: CESifo, 2010) shows inaccuracies in the IPUMS for the 1 and 5% 2000 Census, the 2003–2006 ACS, the 2005–2007 3-year ACS, and the 2004–2009
current population survey (CPS) files. 相似文献
10.
Obesity is considered a major cause of premature mortality and a potential threat to the longstanding secular decline in mortality
in the United States. We measure relative and attributable risks associated with obesity among middle-aged adults using data
from the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2004). Although class II/III obesity (BMI _ 35.0 kg/m2) increases mortality by
40% in females and 62% in males compared with normal BMI (BMI = 18.5-24.9), class I obesity (BMI = 30.0-34.9) and being overweight
(BMI = 25.0-29.9) are not associated with excess mortality. With respect to attributable mortality, class II/III obesity (BMI
_ 35.0) is responsible for approximately 4% of deaths among females and 3% of deaths among males. Obesity is often compared
with cigarette smoking as a major source of avoidable mortality. Smoking-attributable mortality is much larger in this cohort:
about 36% in females and 50% in males. Results are robust to confounding by preexisting diseases, multiple dimensions of socioeconomic
status (SES), smoking, and other correlates. These findings challenge the viewpoint that obesity will stem the long-term secular
decline in U.S. mortality. 相似文献
11.
SCOTT ALAN CARSON 《Mathematical Population Studies》2013,20(3):147-157
Little research exists on the body mass index (BMI) values of nineteenth-century Americans of European descent. Examination of a new body mass index data set and robust statistical analysis yields the following conclusion: between 1860 and 1880, BMIs decreased across the distribution; however, after 1880, BMIs in the highest quantiles increased, while those in lower BMI quantiles continued to decrease. Late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century white BMIs increased at older ages in higher quantiles and decreased in lower quantiles, indicating significant net biological disparity by age. During industrialization, white BMIs were lower in Kentucky, Missouri, and urban Philadelphia. 相似文献
12.
We review recent developments in longitudinal studies of aging, focusing on the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Both studies are part of a trend toward biosocial surveys in which biological measurement is joined with traditional survey techniques, and a related trend toward greater harmonization across studies. Both studies have collected DNA samples and are working toward genotyping that would allow broadly based association studies. Increased attention to psychological measurement of personality and of cognitive ability using adaptive testing structures has also been shared across the studies. The HRS has expanded its economic measurement to longitudinal studies of consumption and to broader-based measurement of pension and Social Security wealth. It has added biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. The WLS has developed an integrated approach to the study of death and bereavement and an innovative use of high school yearbook photographs to capture information about health in early life of its participants. 相似文献
13.
Richard W. Dapson 《Researches on Population Ecology》1972,13(2):161-169
Summary An accurate age-estimating technique, based on biochemical changes in eye lens protein, was used to study age structures of
six populations of the old-field mouse,Peromyscus polionotus. A new mathematical procedure permitted quantitative comparisons of these populations. Four inland populations had essentially
the same median ages (75–84 days), maximum ages (248–297 days) and relative production rates (56–58% of the surviving population
had been born in the 100 days prior to sampling). Approximately 50% of the females were old enough to have weaned a litter.
One inland population had a lower median age (49 days), a lower maximum age (181 days) and a higher relative production rate
(73%). Relatively fewer females (38%) could have weaned a litter. The single beach population was also different, with higher
median age (180 days), and lower relative production rate (2%). All females were old enough to have weaned a litter. Maximum
age was essentially the same as for the four similar, inland populations. Factors which may have contributed to observed differences
in these populations are discussed. 相似文献
14.
We demonstrate that people from Chinese cultural backgrounds have a smaller positive tendency in life evaluation compared
to people in typical Western cultures. Participants first described their imagined best and worst life and then rated their
current life on scale anchored by those imaginings (Mellor et al. International Journal of Social Research Methodology Theory and Practice,
2, 263–278, 1999), with scores above 50 indicating the strength of positive tendency. We compare responses from 82 Taiwanese
students to data from the 22 Australian students in Mellor et al.’s (International Journal of Social Research Methodology Theory and Practice,
2, 263–278, 1999) study. Results of independent t tests support the hypothesis that culturally Chinese subjects have a lower
positive tendency (65.32%SM) than Australian participants (76.12%SM) in life satisfaction evaluation.
Shih-jung Lee and Chia-huei Wu have made equal contributions to this study. 相似文献
15.
The Well-Being of 12 - to 16-Year-Old Adolescents and their Parents: Results from 1999 to 2003 Spanish Samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ferran Casas Cristina Figuer Mònica González Sara Malo Carles Alsinet Sandra Subarroca 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):87-115
This study adopts satisfaction with life as a whole and satisfaction with specific life domains as indicators to analyse the
relationships between the well-being of 12 to 16-year-old adolescents and some related constructs such as self-esteem, perceived
control and perceived social support. Well-being indicators from a 2003 Spanish sample using an 11-point scale (N = 1,634) are compared with an equivalent 1999 Spanish sample using a 5-point scale (N = 1,618). The different results obtained from the 2003 sample with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using a shorter and
a longer list of life domains are also discussed. A sub-sample of the adolescents’ results from the 2003 sample are compared
with their parents’ answers, using the same well-being indicators. Using a list of 8 life domains, and despite the change
of scale used, overall results show no relevant changes in adolescents’ satisfaction with life domains between 1999 and 2003
in Spain and are in agreement with normative data expected from western societies [Cummins: 1998, Social Indicators Research
43, pp. 307–334; Cummins et al.: 2001, Australian Unity Well-being Index (Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University,
Melbourne)]. Adolescents’ overall life satisfaction has been shown to correlate consistently with the other well-being related
constructs. However, it clearly decreases with age over the period studied. The results also show that increasing the list
of life domains has a major impact on the structure of the results obtained. When we compare results from parents with those
from their own child, outstanding differences in well-being appear between generations: few domain satisfaction dimensions
show significant correlation between parents and children and more than 20% of the population studied shows high discrepancies
in the answers in four domains. 相似文献
16.
The aim of the current study was to examine the role of satisfaction-with-event as a mediator in the relations between flow
and life satisfaction based on the bottom-up theory (Andrews and Withey in Social indicators of well-being: Americans’ perceptions
of life quality. Plenum, New York, 1976; Lee et al. in J Macromarketing 22(2): 158–169, 2002). Four hundred and thirty-four participants with a mean age of 35.60 (SD = 11.76) were recruited from the audience of a “Cirque
du Soleil” acrobatics show, performed in Taiwan in 2009. Participants completed the flow scale (Csikszentmihalyi in Flow:
the psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row, New York, 1990), a satisfaction-with-event scale (Lin and Hsu in Mark Rev 3(4): 497–528, 2008), and a satisfaction-with-life scale (Diener et al. in J Pers Assess 49:71–75, 1985) immediately after viewing the show. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine our hypothesis that satisfaction-with-event
levels would fully mediate the relationship between flow and overall life satisfaction. Results supported our prediction and
are discussed in terms of bottom-up theory. Implications of the study are also provided for the leisure managers. 相似文献
17.
Alison Woodcock Laura Camfield J. Allister McGregor Faith Martin 《Social indicators research》2009,94(1):135-171
The aim of this study was to validate an individualised measure of quality of life (WeDQoL-Goals-Thailand). Three hundred
and sixty-nine Thai people completed the WeDQoL by interview. Respondents rated (0–2) the perceived necessity for wellbeing
of 51 goals (goal necessity), then rated (0–3) their satisfaction with the same goals (goal satisfaction). Weighted goal attainment
(possible range 0–6) was computed (necessity x satisfaction). Psychometric validation used frequency distributions, Principal
Components Analysis (PCA), and Cronbach’s alpha. Analysis of variance, t-tests, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, Spearman’s correlation and multiple regression explored socio-demographic, geographic and economic differences. Respondents
were aged 15–89 (mean 45.7, SD 18.0); 169 men, 200 women. For weighted goal attainment scores, PCA found a 44-item scale (α = 0.91) and three subscales (community/social/health, α = 0.90; house and home, α = 0.80; nuclear family, α = 0.81). Thai Individualised Goal Attainment (TIGA) scale and the three subscales were computed as the mean of contributing weighted goal attainment scores, after excluding
goals considered ‘not necessary’ to each individual. Unweighted and individualised scores differed significantly with socio-demographic,
geographic and economic indicators. In multiple regression, both Thai Unweighted Goal Satisfaction (TUGS) and TIGA scale scores were predicted by being married, living in the South and in a non-urban location. TIGA scores were also predicted by being over 25 years old. WeDQoL-Goals-Thailand has excellent psychometric properties. Individualised
scores reflect each person’s perspective on wellbeing and are sensitive to subgroup differences. However, unweighted satisfaction
scores give a broadly similar picture and involve less complex computation. 相似文献
18.
Using data from the National Health Interview Survey for years spanning 1976 and 2001, this paper presents an age–period–cohort
analysis of weight gain throughout the life cycle. We find that while all ages experienced an increase in the prevalence of
those overweight and/or obese, the prevalence among young adults has grown at a faster rate than that of older age groups.
The increases in body mass index are primarily due to period effects, not cohort or age effects. From the ordered logistical
regression analyses, we find that the protective influence of factors such as education, income, and age on an individual’s
body mass index have decreased over time. The analyses suggest that the increase in the prevalence of those overweight or
obese is a phenomenon experienced by all demographic groups in the US, albeit to differing degrees.
相似文献
Beth DaponteEmail: |
19.
Yu-Chen Lin 《Social indicators research》2011,102(3):463-475
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) and explored the relationship between
FAS and health in a general adolescent population of Taiwan. Our data was obtained from a 2009 school-based survey. In total,
3,368 students (1,741 boys, 1,627 girls) in grades 6–10 in Kinmen County, Taiwan completed a modified WHO Health Behaviour
in School-Aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire. Indicators of the family’s social position were their parents’ occupation and
education. Indicators of material affluence were number of cars, number of holiday travel, whether the participant had his
or her own room and number of computers (FAS items). A higher proportion of the participants completed the four family affluence
items than their parents’ occupation and education items (≧98% vs. 90% and 88%; respectively). Analysis of the FAS showed
a moderate internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.35). The associations between the FAS scores and parental occupation
and education were moderate (P < .001). Consistent gradients were found for the association between FAS and positive health and health promoting behaviours.
In conclusion, the Taiwan version of the FAS had a high completion rate and moderate internal reliability and external validity.
The clear associations between the FAS and health indicators confirm the findings of previous studies and suggest that the
FAS can be used as an additional measure of socioeconomic status among Taiwan adolescents. 相似文献
20.
Zhixian Sui Deborah Turnbull Jodie Dodd 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2013,26(4):267-272
Problem or backgroundThere is little information available describing how women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy perceive their bodies, and in particular the effect of body image dissatisfaction on gestational weight gain.QuestionTo describe how women who are overweight or obese in pregnancy perceive their body, and the effect of body image on gestational weight gain.MethodsThis prospective nested cohort study evaluated self estimation of body weight, preferred body shape, dieting behavior, satisfaction with body weight and shape, and gestational weight gain in pregnant women who were overweight or obese, through self-completed questionnaire in early pregnancy in South Australia from October 2010 to February 2012.FindingsOf the 442 women who completed the questionnaire, 25.8% correctly identified their BMI, with 70.1% under-estimating and 4.1% over-estimating their BMI. Women who were obese were significantly less likely to correctly identify their BMI, as were younger women. Women who incorrectly identified their BMI were significantly more likely to have higher gestational weight gain (P < 0.001). Approximately 45% of women indicated dissatisfaction with their weight or body shape, with this being more common in women of higher parity and higher BMI. Dissatisfaction was significantly related to gestational weight gain.ConclusionWomen who report increasing dissatisfaction with their body size and shape are more likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy. Further research should explore insights about maternal body image and diet related behaviors. 相似文献