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1.
Brubaker R 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):375-381
This paper considers Charles Tilly as an important but underappreciated theorist of nationalism. Tilly’s theory of nationalism
emerged from the “bellicist” strand of his earlier work on state-formation and later incorporated a concern with performance,
stories, and cultural modeling. Yet despite the turn to culture in Tilly’s later work, his theory of nationalism remained
state-centered, materialist, and instrumentalist—a source of both its power and its limitations. 相似文献
2.
Neil Gross 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):337-357
Charles Tilly’s work on repertoires of contention and social mechanisms was pathbreaking. In this article, I argue that his
understanding of both concepts overlaps with social-theoretical work informed by the philosophical tradition of classical
American pragmatism. There is no evidence that Tilly was influenced by pragmatism, but I argue that the overlap is substantial
enough that large portions of his oeuvre can serve as illustrations of the explanatory power of pragmatist social science—and that Tilly’s theorization of mechanisms
in particular would have been even stronger had he engaged pragmatism directly. 相似文献
3.
Jack Niemonen 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(1):48-81
This paper identifies the common themes in 245-plus refereed articles on whiteness studies that were published in academic
journals after 1992 in an attempt to assess the implications of whiteness studies for the discipline of sociology. Of special
interest is the relationship between whiteness studies and Michael Burawoy’s call for public sociology. I argue that the emerging
field of whiteness studies identifies itself as a public sociology that is infused by the moral vision of critical sociology.
Nevertheless, the field does not accept professional sociology as Burawoy defined it. The ontological, epistemological, and
soteriological foundations of whiteness studies encourage the field to pander to one segment of the public—the marginalized—and
condemn another segment of the public—“privileged whites,” thus rendering impossible a democratic dialogue on one of the most
basic social issues of our time. Conflating Western epistemology with whiteness encourages a misreading of American social
scientific work on race relations, thus opening the door to a so-called hermeneutics of suspicion. The result is not an innocuous
“pop” sociology, but a partisan sociology, whose implications should caution sociologists against an uncritical embracing
of public sociology. 相似文献
4.
Voss K 《The American Sociologist》2010,41(4):368-374
This article assesses Charles Tilly’s Durable Inequality and traces its influence. In writing Durable Inequality, Tilly sought to shift the research agenda of stratification scholars. But the book’s initial impact was disappointing. In
recent years, however, its influence has grown, suggesting a more enduring legacy. 相似文献
5.
Bernard S. Phillips 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(2):138-151
Gouldner’s call for a “reflexive sociology” in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism’s
begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come. In attempting to clarify and reconstruct Gouldner’s
idea, I begin with his concepts “background assumptions” and “domain assumptions,” linking them with Kubn’s ideas. Employing
levels of abstraction to approach Gouldner’s material systematically, I proceed to develop and illustrate two contrasting
background assumptions or world hypotheses: “stratification” and “interaction.” Finally, I examine some methodological implications
of these world views, centering on defining problems, ratio scales and images of measurement, sampling and multivariate-analysis
procedures.
Introduced to sociology by C. Wright Mills, Bernard Phillips studied with Robin N. Williams, Jr. and taught at the University
of North Carolina and the University of Illinois (where he overlapped with Alvin W. Gouldner for a year) before coming to
Boston University. A cofounder of the ASA section, Sociological Practice, Phillips’ interests are in Societal Change, Theory
and Methods. 相似文献
6.
The modern increase in opportunities for social activities also brings with it unintended side effects posed by the liberating
potential and the acceleration of modern life. In this paper it is argued that the views reflected in Georg Simmel’s formal
approach and in American sociologist Edward A. Ross’ reformative sociology are (1) complementary and (2) offer fresh insights
for our current sociological understanding of unexpected consequences in contemporary “high modernity” or knowledge societies.
A long forgotten nexus between the ideas of Simmel’s and the work of Ross will be reviewed in order to point out affinities
between the two authors’ takes on the unintended and sometimes tragic moments in modern culture and their relevance for sociology
today. Based on these discussions a fundamental mode for framing the unexpected in modern society as a recursively-linked
component to the intended is illustrated. 相似文献
7.
Between 1885 and. 1930, as sociology was becoming an academic discipline, sociology was also being practiced intelligently,
innovatively, and self-consciously outside the academy in the social settlements that grew up in America’s major cities. In
this paper, we first define and give a brief overview of the settlement movement in America; second, we show how the settlement
workers were sociologists in their self-definition and action and in their relations with other sociologists; third, in the
body of the paper, we describe the sociology done by the settlements in terms of the empirical research they undertook and
the theory they created. Our argument is that settlement sociologists produced empirical studies that were both substantively
significant and methodologically pioneer-ing; that they did so in terms of a coherent social theory unique in its focus on
“the neighborly relation”; and that both their research and theory were part of a critical, reflexive, and activist sociology. 相似文献
8.
Linda J. Rynbrandt 《The American Sociologist》1998,29(1):71-82
This article investigates the relationship between Progressive era (1890–1920) social reform and the origins of American sociology
with a view of the vital contributions of women in these endeavors. I observe the efforts of the first generation of sociologists
to legitimate and delineate the field in the “social construction” of the discipline of sociology, as they attempted to combine
Christianity, the social gospel, and socialism into a new and unique ideology. In this article I examine the archival material
of Progressive era reformer, Caroline Bartlett Crane (1858–1935), a Unitarian minister and student in the sociology department
of the University of Chicago in 1896, to address the relationship between theology, sociology, and social reform from a woman’s
perspective. 相似文献
9.
Neil McLaughlin 《The American Sociologist》2004,35(1):80-101
In response to the recent The American Sociologist special issue on Canadian sociology, this rejoinder dialogues with some of the perspectives offered there on the discipline
north of the border with an eye towards lessons that American sociologists might learn from the Canadian experience. My reflections
build on a larger analytic piece entitled “Canada’s Impossible Science: The Historical and Institutional Origins of the Coming
Crisis of Anglo-Canadian Sociology” to be published soon in The Canadian Journal Sociology. Particular attention is paid to the different institutional arrangements of higher education in Canada and the United States,
Anglo-Canadian reliance on the particularly English “weakness as strength” strategy for sociology, tensions between the cultural
values of populism, egalitarianism, and excellence, and the trade-offs between professional and public intellectual work.
A critique is offered of the “origin myth” of Canadian sociology as a particularly vibrant “critical sociology,” with discussion
of Dorothy Smith's influence on sociology in Canada.
His research interests are in sociological theory, the sociology of culture, and the study of intellectuals from the perspective
of the sociology of organisations and professions. He is studying Edward Said as a “global public intellectual” as part of
a Canadian government-funded interdisciplinary grant on “Globalization and Autonomy” at McMaster University. He is also working
“Canadian professors as public intellectuals,” a project also funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council
of Canada. 相似文献
10.
On the occasion of the re-publication of Erving Goffman’s Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order, including the remarkable appendix, “Insanity of Place,” the authors propose new ways of reading Goffman’s work in order
to highlight his attention to havoc and containment. Goffman’s “Insanity of Place,” explores the phenomenon of mental illness
by asserting that it is an instance of havoc, a symbolic and practical condition that disrupts the social order of life, and
one that must be contained. By situating this essay at the center of Goffman’s oeuvre they examine Goffman’s “philosophy of
containment,” and trace its trajectory from Asylums, Stigma and “The Insanity of Place” to its full crystallization in Frame Analysis. The authors offer a generative reading of havoc and containment in order to understand the incoherence, irrationality, unreason,
incomprehensibility and unbearableness of social life and the imperative to preserve social order from collapsing, dissolving
or imploding. This reading enables us to see the cracks in the social order and understand containment as the constant effort
exerted to recuperate transgressions and deviations back into that order. Goffman’s analysis becomes an opening into engagements
with the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault around the notion of the normative order and the issues of containment
and transgression. Thinking through Goffman’s philosophy of containment as the framework for an analysis of socialization,
normalization, and social ordering affords an approach to thinking macro-micro linkages of order and instability that confront
both our contemporary society and the discipline of sociology. 相似文献
11.
Matteo Bortolini 《Theory and Society》2012,41(2):187-210
Current sociology of knowledge tends to take for granted Robert K. Merton’s theory of cumulative advantage: successful ideas
bring recognition to their authors, successful authors have their ideas recognized more easily than unknown ones. This article
argues that this theory should be revised via the introduction of the differential between the status of an idea and that
of its creator: when an idea is more important than its creator, the latter becomes identified with the former, and this will
hinder recognition of the intellectual’s new ideas as they differ from old ones in their content or style. Robert N. Bellah’s
performance during the “civil religion debate” of the 1970s is reconstructed as an example of how this mechanism may work.
Implications for further research are considered in the concluding section. 相似文献
12.
Many sociologists have suggested that the dominant paradigm in sociology ignores the environment, which accounts for the fact
that environmental sociology is poorly represented in sociology’s mainstream journals. The purpose of this article is to test
this assumption empirically by examining the coverage of environmental sociology in nine mainstream sociology journals from
1969 through 1994. The nine journals are separated into two tiers, representing higher and lower prestige journals. Each environmental
article is categorized by its area (attitudes and behaviors, environmental movement, political economy, risk, and “new human
ecology”) and whether it involves “sociology of the environmental issues” (the application of standard sociological perspectives
to environmental issues) or “core environmental sociology” (the examination of societal-environmental relationships). We find
that less than two percent of all articles published in the sampled journals in the twenty-five-year period of study were
environmental, and that the higher tier journals were less likely to publish environmental articles than were the lower tier
journals. Environmental articles were more likely to be part of “core environmental sociology” after 1981 than they were “sociology
of the environmental issues,” which suggests a greater recognition among both environmental sociologists and journal reviewers
that human societies are ecosystem-dependent. The number of environmental articles increased in the 1990s, portending a fruitful
period for sociologists specializing on the environment. We argue that the broader field of sociology can benefit by recognizing
the linkages environmental sociology has to other sociological specializations and that, ultimately, sociology needs to be
able to address environmental variables in order to understand society.
Naomi T. Krogman’s primary interest is in stakeholder framing of environmental disputes and natural resource policy change.
She is currently a research sociologist at the Center for Socioeconomic Research at the University of Southwestern Louisiana
and adjunct faculty in the Department of Sociology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504-0198.
JoAnne DeRouen Darlington is a research sociologist focusing on social change and community sustainability emerging from the
disastrous interactions between society and the environment. She is currently employed with the Natural Hazards Research Center,
Campus Box 482, Boulder, CO 80309. 相似文献
13.
Norma Williams 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(4):340-346
I attempt to show how my ideas about bureaucracy and Mexican American culture are a product of my life history and how I worked
out key features of these ideas in teaching sociology at a small university. This was made possible because strategic sponsors
helped me as an “outsider” to become a kind of “insider” within that social milieu.
Her fields of interest are bureaucracy, family, social psychology and race and ethnic relations. She is currently writing
a monograph on Mexican American family life. 相似文献
14.
Using fiction in teaching sociology involves what Harvey Sacks calls “sociological reconstruction”. Numerous comments on teaching
sociology provide advice and suggestions on the use of literature and “what counts” as “sociological” literature, including
specific titles. This paper goes further: while the use of literature is a routine feature of sociological accounts, discerning
the relevance of a novel, or a passage within a novel, to sociological themes is an analyst’s achievement. It requires work
both by the teacher and the student to recognize the relevance of fiction to sociology. Previous studies on fiction in sociology
focus on the pedagogic aspects of using novels but fail to acknowledge the key problem of “sociological reconstruction” attempted
through the use of novels. The paper explicates the crucial and generic issue of “corpus status”, which is fore-grounded by
the use of non-sociological materials in sociology. 相似文献
15.
In this article, I attempt to address some enduring problems in formulation and practical use of the notion of structure in
contemporary social science. I begin by revisiting the question of the fidelity of Anthony Giddens’ appropriation of the idea
of structure with respect to Levi-Strauss. This requires a reconsideration of Levi-Strauss’ original conceptualization of
“social structure” which I argue is a sort of “methodological structuralism” that stands sharply opposed to Giddens’ ontological
reconceptualization of the notion. I go on to show that Bourdieu’s contemporaneous critique of Levi-Strauss is best understood
as an attempt to recover rather than reject the central implication of Levi-Strauss’ methodological structuralism, which puts
Bourdieu and Giddens on clearly distinct camps in terms of their approach toward the idea of structure. To demonstrate the—insurmountable—conceptual
difficulties inherent in the ontological approach, I proceed by critically examining what I consider to be the most influential
attempt to resolve the ambiguities in Giddens structuration theory: Sewell’s argument for the “duality of structure.” I show
that by retaining Giddens’ ontological focus, Sewell ends up with a notion of structure that is at its very core “anti-structuralist”
or only structuralist in a weak sense. I close by considering the implications of the analysis for the possibility of developing
the rather neglected “methodological structuralist” legacy in contemporary social analysis. 相似文献
16.
Gary Dean Jaworski 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(3):209-216
Within the context of a discussion of Robert K. Merton’s ideas on leadership in postwar America, the article examines the
nature and impact of Merton’s “sociological parables.” This term refers to short tales from social life from which sociological
lessons with moral implications can be drawn. These parables, such as the bank insolvency story told in “The Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy,” illustrate the manner in which Merton merged moral and sociological messages in his writings. Suggestions are made
along the lines that these parables, or at least the moral messages they contain, contributed to Merton’s postwar fame.
His most recent publications are “Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and Its Fate,” in Michael Kaern, ed.Georg Simmel and Contempory Sociology (Kluwer, 1990); and “Robert K. Merton’s Extension of Simmel’sUbersehbar” inSociological Theory, Spring 1990. 相似文献
17.
Struggling with human exemptionalism: The rise,decline and revitalization of environmental sociology 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
The emergence of environmental sociology in the 1970s, the decline of interest it experienced in the the early 1980s, and
its revitalization since the late 1980s are described and linked to trends in societal interest in environmental problems.
We suggest that the status of the field has been heavily dependent upon societal attention to environmental problems, in part
due to the larger discipline’s ingrained assumption that the welfare of modern societies is no longer linked to the physical
environment. We also suggest that growing recognition of the reality of global environmental change (GEC) poses a fundamental
challenge to this “human exemptionalism paradigm,” and thus offers an opportunity for strengthening sociological interest
in the environment. Understanding the causes and consequences of GEC calls for examination of societal-environmental interactions,
the fundamental subject matter of environmental sociology. Unfortunately, early sociological work has largely ignored such
interactions in favor of analyses of the “social construction” of GEC, Consequently, limitations of a social constructivist
approach to GEC (and to environmental problems in general) are discussed, and a more inclusive research agenda is recommended.
Revision of a paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Miami Beach, August 1993. 相似文献
18.
R. S. Smith 《The American Sociologist》1995,26(4):9-28
This study examines how Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection to the well-known “Thomas Theorem” is documented in introductory
sociology texts. W.I. Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas co-authoredThe Child in America (1928) in which the “theorem” first appears. However, it was not until the mid-1970s that Dorothy Swaine Thomas’s connection
to these words begins to be cited in the books surveyed. The author suggests one reason for this pattern of neglect is a professional
ideology that encouraged a process of genderization in sociology. It is only when women start to gain more visibility in the
discipline that Dorothy Swain Thomas begins to be cited. The various ways the texts differ from the basic norms of citation
are analyzed and discussed.
19.
Norella M. Putney Dawn E. Alley Vern L. Bengtson MA PhD 《The American Sociologist》2005,36(3-4):88-104
Burawoy (2005) argues that sociology needs to re-establish a public sociology oriented toward society’s problems and the practice
of its unique knowledge if it is to again be taken seriously by the public, policymakers, and others. Yet, it is unclear how
best to achieve these goals. We argue that the relatively young field of social gerontology provides a useful model of successful
public sociology in action. As a multidisciplinary field engaged in basic and applied research and practice, social gerontology’s
major aim is to improve the lives of older people and to ameliorate problems associated with age and aging. Thus social gerontology
has routinely reached beyond the academy to engage with its publics. We review the field’s historical and theoretical development
and present four examples of public sociology in action. Several factors have contributed to social gerontology's success
in achieving the goals of public sociology: (1) Working in multidisciplinary teams which promote collaboration and respect
for diverse perspectives. (2) Its ability to advocate “professionally” for its publics without favoring one group at the expense
of another. (3) The unique affinity of its theories and practices with its disciplinary values. (4) The constructive effects
of its ongoing questioning of values and ethics. Working in a multidisciplinary field with multiple publics, social gerontologists
have been able to blend professional, critical, policy, and public sociologies to a considerable degree while contributing
toward improvements in well-being. 相似文献
20.
This article addresses how the ambivalence of the discipline of sociology affects students’ understanding of it. We consider
this ambivalence as multi-layered. The first level embodies the usefulness of sociology as a discipline and sociologists’
ambivalence toward their profession. The second involves applying a sociological perspective to our everyday lives. We discuss
the administrative organization of our department, the examination structure, and the structure of asymetric power relations.
We conclude that one possible solution toward resolving ambivalences both in our everyday lives and within the profession
is to take our critical theoretical training seriously.
with special interests in social psychology and qualitative research. She is planning a dissertation on how ideology affects
the structure of battered women’s shelters. Barbara G. Brents is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Missouri with special
interests in political economy and aging. She currently is working on a dissertation entitled “The Class Politics of Age:
The Social Security Act of 1935.” 相似文献