人力资源资本化研究

在注重知识的经济时代,人力资本价值评估至关重要,人力资源开发对于今天的中国来说有着重要而特殊的意义,只要把人力资源转化为人力资本,就可以大力提高人力资本的利用率,提高公司的劳动生产率。如何实现人力资源向人力资本的转化,是管理的一项重要任务。     

人力资本文献综述

人力资本,指由在人体之中的健康、能力、知识、技能等通过投资形成的,在日后的经济活动中能为经济主体带来利润。从价值形态的角度看,人力资本是费用开支,表现为保健、培训、教育等;从实体形态看,是身体内部的技能、健康、知识、才能等因素的整合。人力资本理论溯及到18世纪的政治经济学,于20世纪50年代中期产生,于六七十年代兴起,于80年代进一步发展。人力资本理论产生后,对社会经济发展方式产生了巨大的改变,对人们生活发生了深远的影响。人力资本理论于80年代末传入我国,在90年代研究和传播过程中,国内学者立足我国的国情,取得了许多重要的成果,这对人力资本的研究具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

信任与激励是人力资源管理的关键

我国民营中小企业在其发展壮大历程中,普遍地受到了人力资本、金融资本和社会资本的制约,其中,最根本的又是人力资本的制约。我国民营中小企业要获得持续的发展,最关键的是必须吸引并留住更多的具有丰富人力资本且是企业需要的人才。但是,人力资本最根本的特性是可以激励而不可以强迫。人力资本的特性决定了现代人力资源管理的核心理念只能是有效激励,而信任就是最重要的激励方式之     

知识经济时代我国企业人力资本产权化的制度安排

在知识经济时代,人类追求的是可持续发展,并认同人力资源开发和人力资本投资是可持续发展的最重要因素。我国要大力发展生产力,推动经济快速增长,就一定要重视人力资本的存在,树立人力资本是企业可持续发展战略基石的观念,并调整企业产权结构和建立新的激励与约束机制。人力资本产权化的理论机理和现实意义(一)人力资本产权化的理论机理物质资本的一般属性为：由投资行为或其他形式转化形成,自身具有价值和使用价值,能带来剩余价值,具有     

信任与激励是人力资源管理的关键

我国民营中小企业在其发展壮大历程中，普遍地受到了人力资本、金融资本和社会资本的制约，其中，最根本的又是人力资本的制约。我国民营中小企业要获得持续的发展，最关键的是必须吸引并留住更多的具有丰富人力资本且是企业需要的人才。但是，人力资本最根本的特性是可以激励而不可以强迫。人力资本的特性决定了现代人力资源管理的核心理念只能是有效激励，而信任就是最重要的激励方式之一。     

社会资本与家族企业的发展

改革开放以来,我国家族企业迅速崛起。此现象按新古典经济学的理论无法解释,因为一般家族企业在创立之初,既缺少物质资本,又缺少人力资本,也没有多高的技术水平,甚至连存在的合法性都成问题。其实,企业的经济增长不仅需要有形的物质资本和人力资本,还需要无形的社会资本。家族企业之所以能在夹缝中异军突起,很大程度上依靠深厚的社会资本。但随着家族企业的进一步发展,如果社会资本不能因企业和社会发展而重新建构,就可能成为其进一步发展的障碍,社会资本的转型又成为其生命延续的关键。社会资本的内涵社会资本是20世纪80年代以来在西方社会…     

企业人力资本投资的收益分析

人力资本投资是指企业为了可持续生存与发展,为努力提高企业的人力资本存量而做的各种消耗成本的工作。企业人力资本投资是一种投资行为,而人力资本投资不同于物质资本投资,人员在接受人力资本投资后不一定能带来直接的经济效益,企业人力资本投资的计算也存在诸多的不确定因素,在计算人力资本投资收益时,不仅要计算经济方面的收益,也要重视非经济因素的衡量。企业资本投资的特点1.滞后性。与一股投资相比,企业人力资本投资具有明显的滞后性。物质资本投资发生后,周期较短,多数在一个会计间内即可产生收益,而人力资本投资却是一个长期的过程,…     

农村女性的人力资本投资分析

人力资本是存在于人体之中的具有经济价值的知识、技术、能力和健康等质量因素之和。农村女性人力资本投资作为人力资本投资的薄弱环节尤其值得关注。本文从农村人力资本的特征出发,阐述了农村女性人力资本投资的现状和主要原因,并基于简单的成本收益分析,提出了增加农村女性人力资本投资的主要方式和途径。     

大学生人力资本与陕西区域经济发展问题研究

人力资本与经济发展有着密切的关系。舒尔茨提出的人力资本理论更是说明了人力资本作为生产要素的重要性．教育促使了人力资源转化为人力资本,大学生作为高校教育下中国人力资本的中流砥柱,在社会经济中的作用越来越凸显,其将成为知识经济时代社会发展的真正动力。而陕西是中国高校人力资本的聚集地之一,其资本的带动价值在经济发展过程中却没有得到很好的实现,因此,分析大学生人力资本在陕西经济发展中的现状及其存在的问题,并探索解决问题的对策．对实现陕西省经济又快又好发展起着举足轻重的作用。     

知识经济与青年人力资源的开发

知识经济作为一种建立在知识和信息的生产。分配和使用之上的经济从本质上讲是以人力资源为依托的，是一种人才经济。因为在知识经济时代，知识资源将取代土地、资本、原材料等而成为主要的生产要素，这一变化意味着非为知识的拥有者和创造者，人和由其形成的人力资源将成为现代经济持续发展的关键因素，成为超出物质资源之上的第一资源。 一、知识经济与青年人力资源开发的新时代 所谓人力资源是指一个国家、一个地区总人口中有劳动生产能力的所有劳动者，它包括质量和数量两个指标。青年是人力资源中最有潜力和活力的资源。在一般情况下，…     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.