儿童发展指标体系建构的理论基础

社会转型期,国家与儿童的关系是国家与个人关系框架中最基础,最重要,也最具社会经济政治涵义的关系。为此,部分国际组织和国家已经着手开发儿童发展与福利综合评价指数。儿童发展指标是对儿童群体的生存与发展状况进行的具有较强科学性的概括性度量。本文对建构儿童发展指标体系涉及的相关理论作了初步介绍和评述,为推进儿童发展指标体系研究提供了新的视角和线索。     

社会转型期社会秩序重建路径分析

中国是一个经济、文化部相对落后的国家,与先发现代化国家相比．在民族、法治、个性等文化传统方面是缺乏的,与其他后发现代化国家不同,中国的现代化是社会主义的现代化。我们为什么选择“社会主义”现代化的道路。最主要的一个原因是由后发行的现代化的特点决定的。本文从介绍社会秩序的概念入手,分析我国在社会转型期所面临的挑战和矛盾。由社会失序引出社会秩序的定义,进一步讨论社会转型期社会秩序重建的路径。     

从陈村计划生育中的博弈看基层社会运作

著名社会学家布迪厄(P .Bourdieu)认为:“社会学家和历史学家的职责在于对社会的运作进行科学分析。法国一位科学哲学家加斯东·巴什拉(G .Bachelard)说过:‘科学必须发掘隐秘’,这就是说,既然有一个研究社会的科学,它就不可避免地要发掘隐秘……”(转引自孙立平,2 0 0 0 :5 )。本文所要发掘的隐秘就是基层社会的运作。它通过对中国中部一个村计划生育中博弈的实地考察,力图更好地发现当今中国国家与社会或国家与农民的关系,基层秩序的演变,以及基层社会运作的模式。一、分析框架在本文的分析框架中,有三个核心概念:博弈、事件和制度。博…     

社会支持与迁移青少年心理健康发展的活性成分

社会支持对于青少年心理健康发展具有非常重要的作用。本文在结合前人研究和我国转型期产生的迁移青少年群体社会现实基础上，从生态化系统理论框架下的社会支持及迁移青少年心理健康发展、迁移青少年社会支持的来源及对心理健康发展的意义、社会支持的分类及对迁移青少年心理健康发展的途径三个维度分析了社会支持与迁移青少年心理健康发展的活性成份。     

国家、资本市场与多元化战略在中国的兴衰——一个新制度主义的公司战略解释框架

本文采用社会学新制度主义组织分析的理论框架,强调外部制度环境(国家和资本市场)在塑造大公司内部结构和战略中的作用,尤其是权力和合法性在组织变革中的关键角色。基于676家中国上市公司2000-2007年间的财务和公司治理数据以及相关深度访谈资料,本研究发现,国家政策和资本市场强有力地形塑了上市公司的多元化或专业化战略。尽管多元化对业绩不利,但我国公司仍热衷多元化并由此使我国成为世界上公司多元化程度最高的国家之一。国家和资本市场利用其政治和市场权力推行的最佳公司战略和组织形式,经由三种制度同构机制被企业采纳。本文主要考察了强制性制度同构机制在多元化和回归专业化过程中的作用,并以此揭示了我国公司进行战略抉择时的制度和社会原因。     

中国对阿拉伯世界人文外交的历史回顾及现实挑战

人文外交作为一种崭新的外交形式,是对当今国际关系领域中国家、市场与社会三者互动的有效应对,也是对文化外交和公共外交的有机整合。人文外交以软实力理论、国家形象理论、建构主义理论和文明对话理论为依托,在当今中国的外交政策中占有重要地位。新中国对阿拉伯世界的外交实践则为人文外交的理论创新积累了宝贵经验。在对阿关系中,人文外交在各时期都促进了中国国家利益的拓展。当下,国际体系处于转型期,尤其是2010年年底以来阿拉伯世界所发生的社会和政治动荡,使中国对阿拉伯世界的外交政策面临挑战。只有将人文外交继续作为我国对阿外交政策的重点,才能在政治动荡的阿拉伯世界始终维护中国的国家利益。     

浅析我国的群体性事件

当前我国正处于社会转型期,旧的利益格局已经被打破新的利益机制尚未健全．社会冲突、社会矛盾日益复杂化。群体性事件正是现行社会各种社会矛盾冲突的产物。文章试从群体性事件的概念、特点、成因等方面进行分析,从而提出相应的解解决方案,以期更好的处理好这一社会现象。     

转型期乡村社区非均衡发展探析——以湖南邵阳县H村为例

本文通过对湖南省一个乡村社区的研究表明：自上世纪80年代以来，乡村社区第一次真正进入了国家、市场、社会的多维视野。在转型期，乡村经济发展，村民物质生活条件日趋改善，但乡村社区发展缓慢，甚至处于停滞、萎缩的状态。在公民社会理论的框架下，本文进一步分析了乡村社区经济社会发展不平衡问题的成因，提出要促进乡村社区发展的根本途径是努力推动传统的乡村社区向现代社会转型，构建一个全新的社会形态——公民社会。     

社会转型与工人阶级的再形成

从波兰尼所谓“大转变”、特别是布洛维所谓“第二次大转变”的观点来看待当代社会主义国家的市场转型,形成了“新古典的社会学”与“社会学的马克思主义”两条不同的学术路线。前一条路线关注精英,后一条路线关注工人阶级和底层社会在社会转型期的历史命运。在中国社会,由于转型起点上社会制度安排的不平等,市场社会意义上的中国工人阶级可能沿着两条不同的道路被塑造成型,社会学的“劳工研究”的理论传统中现存的两大理论模式,即“马克思模式”和“波兰尼模式”,分别对“农民工”和原国有企业工人如何形成为市场社会中的工人阶级提供了有效的理论透镜。借助于这些理论透镜,可以重建对“农民工”的整个研究问题并将之纳入阶级形成的框架中。最后,布洛维的“工厂政体”概念,可能为对转型期工人阶级再形成过程进行具体的、以生产过程为中心的民族志研究,提供一个理论和方法论的立足点。     

计算与算计：数据标注劳动中的算法补足组织

本研究以人工智能数据标注产业为案例,解析中国平台劳动的再嵌入现象。通过分析为期两年的田野调查和154个半结构性访谈资料,构建了“算法补足组织”的概念框架,探讨了“补足组织”如何衔接算法与平台劳动,使之再嵌入回社会关系。由地方政府介入的算法补足组织依据自身组织资源和逻辑,弥合了算法控制所带来的部分潜在劳工问题。在特定情景下,算法补足组织还可能与劳工形成利益同盟,调动组织资源消减算法黑箱特性,联合对抗过度算法控制,这一事实挑战了算法冷漠性等相关理论。     

基层社会中“看得见”与“看不见”的国家——发生在一个商品房小区中的几个“故事”

本文将关注的目光聚焦于国家与基层社会的互动实态,以发生在一个新型商品房小区中的系列故事为线索,通过追踪和辨析国家在其中的角色、行动轨迹和行动策略,以及在此影响下的社会生发与建构,探查改革开放以来国家自身的变化与国家干预方式的变化是怎样影响社会的生长并改变着国家与社会中各个团体之间的关系的,进而揭示出中国市民社会发育方式及国家—社会关系形态不同于西方社会的最重要的差别之所在。     

The state and the development of an information society: Greek policy and experience

The paper looks into the dynamics of information society policy and its implementation in the Greek context. It argues that information society development is a contested process, influenced by pre‐existing state, economy and society relations. Based on this, it looks into the different aspects of the idiosyncratic path which the evolution of the Greek information society has followed, particularly after 2000. Using Bob Jessop's strategic‐relational approach (SRA) to the state as an analytical framework and drawing on a number of in‐depth interviews with relevant political actors, it provides insights into policy implementation by examining: the public management of information technology projects, how such projects were received in bureaucratic structures and practices, as well as the relationship between the state and the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in public procurement processes. The emphasis is on the period 2000–2008, during which a major operational programme on the information society in Greece was put into effect. The paper also touches upon the post‐2008 experience, suggesting that information society developments might include dynamics operating independently and even in contradiction to the state agenda.     

State Versus Civil Society? A Non-Binary Model of Domination Through the Example of Israel

Through the Israeli case, the article questions the validity of the Western liberal model according to which (civil) "society" and "state" are two separate entities, the state ostensibly existing outside the society and imposing its will on it. Covering five distinct historical periods, from the beginning of the century until the present, and utilizing Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony, the article surveys one of Israel's core myths, if not the core itself, that of the pioneer ( halutz ). The result exposes an intriguing system of domination, which is based on intensive activity and responsiveness of the population, and on a blurred distinction between the rulers and the ruled, between objects and subjects, and between state and society. Because of the existence of this system of domination it is difficult to talk about Israel in terms of a despotic state; hence also the obstacle to the constitution of a civil society in Israel. For this is effectively a hegemonic system of domination, which repels all social change by its ability to absorb any innovation and shape its meaning.     

Democratic Governance and Actors’ Conceptualization of “Civil Society” in Africa: State–Civil Society Relations in Ghana from 1982–2000

Despite civil society’s ambiguity, many scholars tend to focus on the economic reasons for the apparent conflict between state and civil society, with little or no attention to the conceptual differences that may be influencing the behavior of public and civil society actors. Using Ghana under J. J. Rawlings as a backdrop, this article argues that state–civil society relations are partly shaped by the divergent conceptualizations of “civil society” held by state and civil society actors. It suggests that the issue is not just the African state’s limited understanding of the multiple roles that civil society organizations can legitimately play in the polity; it is also civil society’s lack of recognition and acknowledgment of the legitimate functions of the African state.     

A Faithful Alliance Between the Civil Society and the State: Actors and Mechanisms of Accommodating Syrian Refugees in Istanbul

Reception, hospitality and integration are certainly the main challenges of the contemporary world, particularly for countries like Turkey which hosts more than 3 million refugees from Syria. The aim of this article is to analyze the reception practices of civil society organizations and the nature of these bodies’ relationship with state agencies by focusing on Sultanbeyli, a peripheral district of Istanbul. Based on a fieldwork conducted in this district, we present the functioning of various state and non‐state actors in order to uncover not only the role of NGOs, but also the nature of the relations between them and the state in terms of governance of refugee reception in Turkey. We thus argue that the reception of Syrian refugees is undertaken by a “faithful” alliance between the state and certain NGOs, a partnership where civil society assumes a supporting role to the state in refugee reception.     

Democracy,civil society and the media in Africa in the Nineties. a discussion of the emergence and relevance of some analytical concepts for the understanding of the situation in Africa

The article argues that the relationship between state and civil society in an African context constitute a dialiectic between a weak state and a weak civil society. The question of the seperation between state and civil society in Africa cannot be understood apart from recent changes in Eastern Europe, with the demise of communism on the one hand, and the rise of neo‐liberalism on the other. Also, the state/society problematic in Africa is linked to the inheritance from the European experience of the nineteenth century, and to the economic restructuring programmes of the 1980s and the 1990s. Civil society in Africa is seen as constituted by a variety of social movements which through their forms of communication tap in on and recreate existing and new collective identities. The article gives special attention to the case in Zimbabwe and the role of the media and civil society there.     

The Development of Social Economy in South Korea: Focusing on the Role of the State and Civil Society

The existing literature has claimed that the state-backed social enterprises in South Korea could be degenerated since the South Korean civil society is not advanced enough to safeguard them against the isomorphic pressure wielded simultaneously by the state and the market. Taking this claim seriously, this paper examines the recent development of social economy in South Korea. Based on the considerable changes in the long-standing statist model of non-profit sector since the late 1990s, the enormous impact of 2011 FAC on the civil society and social economy, and more frequent collaborative effort between the local governments and civil society organizations since 2012, this paper claims that the development of social economy in South Korea has recently shifted from dominance of state power to a mixture of top-down and bottom-up approaches.     

Analysing State–Civil Society Associations Relationship: The Case of Lebanon

Civil society organizations in Lebanon have a long history, pre-dating even the existence of the Lebanese state itself, which has directly shaped their major phases of development since its creation. Based on the social origins theory and using the framework developed by Marchetti and Tocci (Peace Secur Former Pac Rev Peace Secur Glob Chang 21:201–217, 2009), this paper analyses the relationships that have developed between the state and civil society organizations in Lebanon. The main argument presented in this paper is that the scope of work of civil society organizations, in addition to their freedom of action, is directly linked to the social, political and economic development of the state. The main conclusion of this paper is that a new social contract should be forged between associations and the state in Lebanon, one that would allow them to carry out their functions properly.     

Smooth Machinery: Global Governmentality and Civil Society HIV/AIDS Work in Rwanda

In recent years there has been a massive influx of aid to civil society HIV/AIDS work in Africa. Drawing on fieldwork in Rwanda, this article explores, through a governmentality perspective, the rationalities and technologies of government that accompany the new funding schemes. The paper feeds into contemporary debates on the relevance of governmentality studies in Africa and on the complicated relationship between state, civil society, and international donors in the particular context of Rwanda. Despite the country's known record of authoritarian politics, the paper argues that Rwandan civil society organizations are in fact largely subject to advanced liberal rule, rendering them responsible and active in their own government. This global governmentality, in turn, unfolds through a post-political machinery that effectively blurs boundaries between international donor, state, and civil society institutions. Ultimately, this means that researchers interested in resistance must be prepared to extend their visual field considerably.     

State Building,State Autonomy and the Identity of Society: The Case of the Israeli State*

Abstract Into the conventional framework of the state civil-society relationship, which usually includes the state's autonomy and the state's strength, this paper adds a dimension - the identity of the collectivity. The collective identity is from one side the common 'symbolic space’ for both the state and the actors of the civil society, and from the other side the ‘battlefield’ between the state, the society and the different components of the civil society. These tensions stem in a great measure from the emphasis of some aspects over others (for example the primordial vs. civic ingredients) of the collective identity. These interpretations have far reaching implications on the rules-of-the-game in the state and on the state-society relationship. Its identity is central to the determination of the various societal boundaries of the collectivity. This approach is exemplified through analysis of the building of the Israeli state and its transformation from a community to a nation-state, and again from a nation-state to a community state, in a perspective of about 75 years. The article fundamentally challenges the conventional presentation and analysis of the social and political history of Israel.