市场化改革与社会网络资本的收入效应

社会网络资本是影响收入分配的重要机制。本文将社会网络资本区分为潜在的和动员的两种形式,发现:随着两类社会网络资本的递增,人们的收入回报增加,但回报率递减;随着市场化程度的提高,潜在性社会网络资本的收入回报率递减,但动员性社会网络资本的收入回报率递增,而递增速度随之衰减。本文从资源多元配置方式的相互作用的视角,探讨了社会网络资本收入效应的变化逻辑。     

中国政策精英群体的社会资本:基于结构主义视角的分析

社会资本理论一直受到功能主义观念的困扰,本文为解决社会资本理论逻辑上同义反复和观测上自相矛盾的困境,提出了社会资本的结构主义视角——社会资本应该用网络的结构来定义,而不是网络的功能。根据结构主义视角的研究路径,本文对中国政策精英群体的网络整体结构和网络阶层结构进行了分析。通过2004年对全国25个省、市、自治区具有代表性的301名政策精英的调查发现,分别体现身份标识、人际交往能力、个人努力三方面交往过程中个人特征的教育、职业流动体制稳定性、行政级别和交往投入都对政策精英的社会资本具有显著贡献。而且,由于与社会不同阶层人群交往时存在“准入门槛”的差异,上述因素的贡献具有明显的梯度结构的特征。     

社会工作的理论（六）

社区社会资本理论：社区社会资本是一种集体视角的社会资本,关注社会资本对集体的重要影响,进而会在整体上推动群体的存续和发展,其主要体现为和谐的关系网络,有效的制度规范,群体间的信任、凝聚力,互惠互助、共享合作的价值观和合作性的社会组织等。这种以社区参与为基础的社会资本属于居民共同体。     

农村社会资本的驳论——基于四个村庄的调查研究

社会资本作为一个分析概念，近年来被许多学者和专家用来分析研究问题，许多学者研究了农村社会资本在农村发展中的积极作用，但其负面表现也不容忽视。笔者基于所调查的几个村庄，对农村社会资本的负面效应进行了分析，并寻找其原因进而提出对策，以期减少农村社会资本在农村发展中的负面影响。     

中国城市居民的社会网络资本与个人资本

基于2003年中国综合社会调查数据,以结构方程模型为分析工具,本文探讨如何测量个人资本和嵌入在社会网络中的社会资本以及两者间的关系;针对中国城市居民的讨论网和拜年网,建立了以网络规模、密度、网顶、网差、职业类型和单位类型的多样性为指标的社会网络资本的测量模型;分析了嵌入在这两个网络中的社会资本与通过权力、财富与声望来测量的个人资本之间的关系,提出情感性网络中的社会资本对个人资本并无影响,而工具性网络中的社会资本对个人资本有显著的正向影响。     

众筹式婚礼:青年社会资本的选择困境

在现有社会学理论中,社会资本是由客观的社会网络、社会组织和相对主观的道德认同以及价值规范所组成。人们对于这两个部分的参与和获得程度,可以影响其社会行动的有效性以及社会关系的广度与深度。青年面临的由婚礼礼金带来的经济困境实际是社会资本"输不起"的选择困境,那就是现实生活事实上规定了青年无法避免为社会资本买单这种"奢侈的刚需"。     

多媒体背景下大学生网络舆论的引导与教育

21世纪标榜的是网络迅猛发展及科技日新月异,以网络为有效载体的多媒体技术蓬勃发展,催生了巨大的舆论探讨,推动着社会民主化进程。而网络舆论是柄双刃剑,既存的负面效应也引发了社会各界的持续关注,特别是其对大学生成长培养的负面效应一度成为高校教育改革的重点研究内容。本文主要针对多媒体背景下大学生网络舆论的引导与教育进行分析,发现问题并提出对应的解决策略,以期做好多媒体背景下大学生的网络舆论引导。     

中国劳动力市场中性别收入差异状况分析

随着市场经济的不断发展,在我国整个劳动力市场中,性别收入的差距逐渐加大,很多传统的理论已经无法很好地解释当前的这种现象。因此,本文主要从社会资本理论出发,对我国八个城市中不同性别的人的收入进行调查,通过调查可以发现,收入之所以存在性别上的差异,在一定程度上是受到了社会资本的影响。而且通过深层次的分析可以发现,收入上的性别差异有12.7%可以用社会资本来进行解释,而且通过数据可以看出,如果在社会资本上存在较大的性别差异,那么收入上也会存在较大的性别差异;男性的社会资本回报率在很大程度上高于女性;女性比较欠缺社会资本是当前普遍存在的"性别隔离显现"现象的一个非常重要的原因。     

中国城市安全的全方位管理体系研究

近期城市安全事故的频发及其严重后果引发了一连串巨大的社会负面效应，这对城市安全管理工作提出了新的要求与挑战。有别于传统的城市安全管理研究，本文力图建立全方位安全管理体系，将关键受众、主导机构及合作网络等主体整合在一起，并从城市安全管理的过程着手建立相应的分析框架，最终为相关实践活动提供理论参考。     

影响我国企业资本结构的因素分析

随着我国资本市场的不断发展,企业在资本市场上的融资变得越来越便利。目前,我国企业的资本筹集采取两种方式,即借入资本融资和主权资本融资,前者是企业的借入资本(负债),后者是企业的自有资本(所有者权益)。企业的各种债务资本和权益资本之间的比例关系就构成了该企业的资本结构。企业若依靠主权资本融资,虽然不用还本付息,但要求分配利润,其成本较借入资本融资高;企业若依靠借入资本融资,虽然可以降低企业的资本成本,但同时也增加了企业的财务风险。所以,企业要想健康发展,就应该了解影响资金结构的主要因素,以使自己的资本结构趋于合理,…     

Social network capital, economic mobility and poverty traps

This paper explores the role social network capital might play in facilitating poor agents?? escape from poverty traps. We model and simulate endogenous link formation among households heterogeneously endowed with both traditional and social network capital who make investment and technology choices over time in the absence of financial markets and faced with multiple production technologies featuring different fixed costs and returns. We show that social network capital can either complement or substitute for productive assets in facilitating some poor households?? escape from poverty. However, the voluntary nature of costly link formation also creates exclusionary mechanisms that impede some poor households?? use of social network capital. Through numerical simulation, we show that the ameliorative potential of social networks therefore depends fundamentally on the broader socio-economic wealth distribution in the economy, which determines the feasibility of social interactions and the net intertemporal benefits resulting from endogenous network formation. In some settings, targeted public transfers to the poor can crowd-in private resources by inducing new social links that the poor can exploit to escape from poverty.     

“Migrant Capital” and Domestic Work: Labour Trajectories of Immigrant Women in Spain

This article analyses the labour trajectory of migrant women in domestic service. The research considers women's working conditions upon arrival, or their “migrant capital” (i.e. their human, social and economic capital) as the defining factors in their labour trajectories. The study, conducted on a sample of migrant women in domestic service, reveals the different value each type of capital has at each stage of a labour trajectory. The social network is the core capital in their first job. Nevertheless, the key factors in labour mobility are human capital and a household's financial needs. The processes of administrative regularization and family reunification prompt far‐reaching changes in these women's labour trajectories. Finally, labour trajectories during the economic crisis have been shaped by financial needs, leading to a decapitalization of the human capital acquired, with even legal status surrendering its value.     

Social capital,human capital,and career success in public relations in Taiwan

This study examined the degree to which demographic, human capital, and social capital variables can predict career success for public relations practitioners in Taiwan. Social capital includes two dimensions: social trust and social network. Human capital includes education, rank, career tenure, and motivation. Public relations practitioners (150) from 16 agencies in Taiwan were interviewed in 2006. Social capital explained the significant variance in subjective career success. As for human capital, motivation negatively predicted job comfort, but positively predicted challenge and task significance. Career tenure and rank in the agency positively predicted autonomy, while only age and professional tenure predicted objective success. This study also revealed that the longer the practitioners stay in the business, the more the sense of autonomy, financial rewards, and support they have. Combined with the results of objective career success, career tenure is the best predictor for career success among all the variables in human capital. Since gender does not predict career success, we may infer that public relations practice in Taiwan does not seem hostile to women.     

The Mitigating Effects of Social and Financial Capital Resources on Hardships

Social and financial capital resources contribute significantly to socioeconomic outcomes. However, insufficient attention has been given to how these resources may mitigate potential socioeconomic setbacks and differ for gender and class groups. In our study, most of the interviewees with hardships had access to social and financial capital resources. The few with insufficient access were working class. Women accessed financial capital resources to overcome hardships more than men, whereas men were more likely to use social capital resources. Access to the resources helped ensure that almost all of the individuals in this study did not suffer the full consequences of their hardships. The hardship itself was of less importance than having access to social and financial capital resources.     

Educational ties,social capital and the translocal (re)production of MBA alumni networks

Research on elite, transnational networks has identified social and cultural capital associated with particular academic credentials as being an important element in network formation. How and why such networks are reproduced after graduation, however, has received less attention. In response, in this article I combine work on social capital and personal networks to explore the reproduction of MBA alumni networks in London's financial services district that were created in leading business schools in the USA and UK. My analysis documents the ways in which business schools and individual alumni combine forms of virtual and corporeal co‐presence to reproduce translocal educational ties. I then argue that the motivation for sustaining these educational ties lies in the potential to convert the social and cultural capital of MBA alumni networks into different types of value ranging from enhanced career progression to increased alumni donations. In doing so, I develop debates on the intersections between social capital, academic credentials and the reproduction of elite networks.     

Financial Planning for College: Parental Preparation and Capital Conversion

This study explores the conversion of cultural capital into economic capital, and specifically financial capital in the form of parental financial planning for children’s college education, including reported financial preparations and savings. Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS:2002), logistic regression-based analyses of aspects of cultural capital indicated that parental involvement exhibited the most prevalent relationship with financial planning and the amount saved, and that parents’ expectations, but not their aspirations, corresponded to engagement in financial planning. Findings support the conclusion that some parents convert part of their cultural capital to financial capital in preparation for paying for their child’s college education, perhaps representing a typically hidden facet of social class reproduction.     

‘Ties that Bind’: A Transactional Approach to Social Capital

Abstract

The last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the concept of social capital. However, much confusion still exists about the exact meaning of social capital. Thus, to create a foundation for future studies on social capital, this article develops a conceptual and theoretical framework to depict the stocks and flows of social capital. As such, it defines social capital formation in transactional terms so as to exploit fully the capital analogy used to characterise social capital and to place the concept of social capital on par with fixed, financial and human capital.     

Social Capital in Wide Family Contexts: An Empirical Assessment Using Social Network Methods

Using a sociometric approach to family relationships, we test the hypothesis that the way individuals define their family context has a strong impact on the types and amount of social capital available to them. Binding social capital is defined in terms of network closure, i.e. a redundancy of ties within a group. From this perspective, social capital is to be found in groups with a high density of connections, network closure enhancing expectations, claims, obligations and trust among individuals because of the increase of normative control. Bridging social capital is an alternative way of defining family social capital as a function of brokerage opportunities: the weaker connections between subgroups of a network create holes in the social structure which provide some persons—brokers—with opportunities to mediate the flow of information between group members and hence control the projects that bring them together. Using a sample of college students from Switzerland, we found that family contexts based on blood relationships such as those with grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins, provide a ‘binding’ type of social capital, whereas family contexts based on friendship provide a ‘bridging’ type of social capital. Inclusion of stepparents is associated with neither type of social capital.     

从第三方支付发展看上海国际金融中心建设

互联网时代第三方支付的发展,揭示了企业"控制用户信息流以控制支付流,控制支付流以控制资金流;获得用户网络接入权胜过获得资本所有权,获得数据投入量胜过获得资金投入量"的新规则。大平台日益成为金融机构控制用户信息流、获得用户网络接入权的重要载体,在平台组合上加载信用有关数据流日益成为形成金融机构风险管理能力的重要生产资料。在互联网时代推进上海国际金融中心建设,既要继续重视金融机构集聚,更要注重鼓励企业赢得全国性用户网络接入权,加强平台组合,增强信用数据流。上海应依托自贸试验区推进互联网金融监管创新;牵头建立长三角征信联盟集团公司;搭建本地金融机构网聚平台。