Consumer Trust in Food Safety—A Multidisciplinary Approach and Empirical Evidence from Taiwan

Food scandals that happened in recent years have increased consumers' risk perceptions of foods and decreased their trust in food safety. A better understanding of the consumer trust in food safety can improve the effectiveness of public policy and allow the development of the best practice in risk communication. This study proposes a research framework from a psychometric approach to investigate the relationships between the consumer's trust in food safety and the antecedents of risk perceptions of foods based on a reflexive modernization perspective and a cultural theory perspective in the hope of benefiting the future empirical study. The empirical results from a structural equation modeling analysis of Taiwan as a case in point reveal that this research framework based on a multidisciplinary perspective can be a valuable tool for a growing understanding of consumer trust in food safety. The antecedents in the psychometric research framework comprised reflexive modernization factors and cultural theory factors have all been supported in this study except the consumer's perception of pessimism toward food. Moreover, the empirical results of repeated measures analysis of variance give more detailed information to grasp empirical implications and to provide some suggestions to the actors and institutions involved in the food supply chain in Taiwan.     

Where is context? Advancing status research with a contextual value perspective

Most of the numerous studies on social status over the last decade have focused on how individual characteristics influence status attainment and effects, while much less research has examined the role of context in status dynamics. Given how important and pervasive contextual values are in all types of status hierarchies and all aspects of social life, studies on contextual influences are crucial. In order to spur more research on this critical factor, we review existing theories and empirical findings on the antecedents and effects of social status and closely inspect the untested underlying assumptions of the most prominent theory in status research: the functionalist perspective. We aim to expand the functionalist perspective by incorporating the importance of context and proposing the contextual value perspective. We discuss the different influences of cooperative versus competitive relationships—as an example of contextual factors—on status conferral and experience. We also examine the implications of the contextual value perspective for new and promising directions in status research.     

领导力共享、垂直领导力与团队创造力：双视角研究

随着组织环境日益多变,越来越多的学者关注水平的领导力共享,即团队成员为了实现集体目标而相互影响、相互领导的一种主动的团队过程。基于过程视角和投入视角提出两个竞争模型,探讨领导力共享和授权型领导对团队创造力的作用。以安徽和湖北的14家企业92个部门共339名员工为样本,采用SPSS层级回归、相关分析和验证性因子分析等方法进行统计检验。研究结果表明,在过程视角下,领导力共享在授权型领导与团队创造力之间起中介作用;在投入视角下,领导力共享与授权型领导的交互作用负向影响团队创造力,领导力共享水平越高,授权型领导对团队创造力的作用越弱。研究结果为探讨领导力共享提供了新的研究视角,并对指导企业进行团队管理和创新管理有重要的实践意义。     

基于顾客的品牌资产构成研究述评与模型重构

在分析以往文献的基础上划分和理清品牌资产的不同研究视角及其关系,重点选择在根本上决定品牌资产价值、影响企业营销决策的顾客认知视角,对品牌资产的构成进行系统梳理;在此基础上,基于心理学态度理论重构出了一项整合的品牌资产逻辑模型;最后,提出了企业建立强势品牌资产的若干管理建议。     

On the Meaning and Use of the Risk Appetite Concept

The risk appetite concept has been given considerable attention recently in enterprise risk management contexts. A number of definitions exist, most with a link to risk acceptability, but also values and goals. The usefulness of the concept is, however, disputed; some authors argue that we can in fact do better without it. In this article, we provide a thorough discussion of what the risk appetite concept is actually trying to express and how it best can be used in the relevant decision making. The main purposes of the article are (i) to argue that the risk appetite concept, suitably interpreted, has a role to play in risk management, (ii) to show that the risk appetite concept is well supported by some types of risk perspectives and not by others, and (iii) to show how the risk appetite concept is linked to other related concepts, such as risk seeking and risk acceptability. The risk perspectives studied range from expected value and probability based definitions of risk to views on risk, that are founded on uncertainties.     

“What—Me Worry?”1“Why So Serious?”:2 A Personal View on the Fukushima Nuclear Reactor Accidents

Infrequently, it seems that a significant accident precursor or, worse, an actual accident, involving a commercial nuclear power reactor occurs to remind us of the need to reexamine the safety of this important electrical power technology from a risk perspective. Twenty‐five years since the major core damage accident at Chernobyl in the Ukraine, the Fukushima reactor complex in Japan experienced multiple core damages as a result of an earthquake‐induced tsunami beyond either the earthquake or tsunami design basis for the site. Although the tsunami itself killed tens of thousands of people and left the area devastated and virtually uninhabitable, much concern still arose from the potential radioactive releases from the damaged reactors, even though there was little population left in the area to be affected. As a lifelong probabilistic safety analyst in nuclear engineering, even I must admit to a recurrence of the doubt regarding nuclear power safety after Fukushima that I had experienced after Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. This article is my attempt to “recover” my personal perspective on acceptable risk by examining both the domestic and worldwide history of commercial nuclear power plant accidents and attempting to quantify the risk in terms of the frequency of core damage that one might glean from a review of operational history.     

Bringing the design perspective to coworking-spaces: Constitutive entanglement of actors and artifacts

Different forms of coworking spaces have spread worldwide that use various artifacts (e.g., office settings, décor, furniture, equipment) to strengthen autonomy, flexibility, spontaneous interactions, and intrinsic motivation. However, the various manifestations of coworking spaces limit clearly defined boundary conditions for their successful implementation and demand a profound understanding of the interactions that take place among actors and artifacts. Using a flexible pattern matching approach, our study explains that artifacts can contour and create the possibilities for actors and define the borders, e.g., when, where, and with whom to communicate and work in coworking spaces. Our findings indicate that actors and artifacts are constitutively entangled in coworking spaces and play a key role in the community development process by fostering a shared understanding and identity, mutual interdependency, and common practices.     

攀枝花市钛砂矿成矿远景预测

攀枝花市拥有世界著名的钒钛磁铁矿床,是我国十分重要的钒钛资源基地.本文通过对该地区超基性-基性岩体的资料分析,发现其具有良好的钛砂矿成矿地质条件,并圈出三个级别的成矿远景区,为进一步勘查提供了方向.为此,笔者进行了该地区的钛砂矿成矿远景进行预测.     

供应链视角下零售商股权融资最优估值模型

股权融资激活了成长型企业协同供应链上下游捕获发展机会的能力,而基于市场套利定价理论的估值未能缓解投融资双方不断涌现的估值冲突,使得股权融资的合理估值探索显得愈发迫切。因此,为刻画供应链与博弈新视角下的股权投融资本质特征,构建了零售商股权融资模型,分析了新战略视角下缓和估值冲突的合作共赢空间,进一步探讨了股权融资战略中合理估值存在性,核心研究发现是,零售商股权融资中存在能协调各参与方利益的“合作估值区间”与最优估值,且最优估值受零售商在供应链结构地位的影响。     

Benefit Analysis for Natural Hazards

The objective of this paper is to develop the ex ante perspective for benefit analysis with natural hazards. It defines an ex ante evaluation of the economic benefits that arise from policies designed to reduce either the risk of or the detrimental effects associated with a natural hazard. In the process the paper compares the ex ante and ex post perspectives and discusses the prospects for implementing the framework by measuring the valuation concepts that are developed.     

零售商运营视角下投贷联动最优投资结构模型

投贷联动是供给侧结构性改革背景下驱动"金融服务实体经济"与推动"产融结合"的重要手段,而合理投资结构成为探索投贷联动机制以提升"金融资源配置效率"的关键。本文刻画了供应链鲁棒风险模型支持下投融资博弈的新特征,构建了零售企业投贷联动融资模型,探讨合理投资结构存在性。研究表明:投资方参与零售企业投贷联动融资博弈时,存在协调投资方利益最大化的"投贷联动区间"与最优投资结构,且最优投资结构受市场成长性主导。此外,企业所得税降低导致负债税盾效应减弱时,存在"反啄食顺序"的投资偏好。     

理性视角下管理创新研究述评

管理创新一直是学术界和实务界积极探讨的焦点问题,基于此,从理性视角采用归纳法和比较法对管理创新研究做了较为系统的梳理。针对管理创新内涵表达的不一致性,在解析4个关键问题的基础上进行了重新界定;针对管理创新影响因素研究呈现多而散的特点,在归纳4个分析层面的基础上构建了一个整合分析框架;针对管理创新研究方法的多元化,在比较各种方法的基础上提议应加大多案例研究法的使用;最后,就未来研究所关注的4个基本问题做了进一步讨论。     

管理创新过程的关键影响因素探析:理性视角

从理性视角出发,选择案例研究方法,使用Atlas.ti软件辅助定性数据分析,识别出影响整个管理创新过程的13个关键因素,并进一步考察了它们在管理创新创造、决策和实施3个阶段的影响情况和变化趋势。研究发现:在创造阶段,内部变革者教育、创造力、高层团队异质性、市场动态性和制度变化作用显著;在决策阶段,内部变革者风险偏好、组织规模、组织结构和组织资源起着主导作用,而高层团队异质性、市场动态性和制度变化3个因素的影响是负面的;在实施阶段,内部变革者任期、创造力、高层团队异质性、组织规模、组织结构和组织资源作用显著。内部变革者经验、成就需要和组织文化这3个因素在3个阶段中均作用显著。     

When Is a Risk Assessment Deficient According to an Uncertainty‐Based Risk Perspective?

The Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA‐N) has recently adopted a new definition of risk: “the consequences of an activity with the associated uncertainty.” The PSA‐N has also been using “deficient risk assessment” for some time as a basis for assigning nonconformities in audit reports. This creates an opportunity to study the link between risk perspective and risk assessment quality in a regulatory context, and, in the present article, we take a hard look at the term “deficient risk assessment” both normatively and empirically. First, we perform a conceptual analysis of how a risk assessment can be deficient in light of a particular risk perspective consistent with the new PSA‐N risk definition. Then, we examine the usages of the term “deficient” in relation to risk assessments in PSA‐N audit reports and classify these into a set of categories obtained from the conceptual analysis. At an overall level, we were able to identify on what aspects of the risk assessment the PSA‐N is focusing and where deficiencies are being identified in regulatory practice. A key observation is that there is a diversity in how the agency officials approach the risk assessments in audits. Hence, we argue that improving the conceptual clarity of what the authorities characterize as “deficient” in relation to the uncertainty‐based risk perspective may contribute to the development of supervisory practices and, eventually, potentially strengthen the learning outcome of the audit reports.     

Location-boundedness,investment irreversibility,and divestment of international joint ventures under host market demand uncertainty

We employ the real options perspective to examine how the irreversibility of location-bound assets and resources affects the divestment of international joint ventures (IJVs) under exogenous uncertainty in host countries. Utilizing a large sample of Korean IJVs and addressing a sample selection of IJVs and the endogeneity of firms’ choice of location-bound investments, we find that high host market demand uncertainty interacts with localized products or local sales forces and reduces divestment rates of IJVs. We also find that the deterrent effects of these two country-specific investments are more salient for IJVs with local sourcing and sales. These findings imply that the deterrent effect of location-boundedness is congruent with the uncertainty-based real options theory when explaining IJV divestment.     

基于PDCA的供应链视角下物流客户服务绩效评价研究

在系统总结国内外相关文献的基础上,设计了基于PDCA循环的供应链视角下物流客户服务绩效评价流程,并针对每个流程给出了控制重点,旨在通过对绩效评价流程的规范管理,不断提高物流客户服务绩效和供应链整体绩效水平。在绩效评价方案设计环节提出了给予供应链整体绩效提升的物流客户服务绩效评价方法和指标体系,在绩效评价方案实施环节给出了应用模糊层次分析法选择物流服务商的步骤。     

The dynamic performances of DDTs in the environment and Japanese exposure to them: a historical perspective after the ban.

The fugacity model for evaluating DDTs dynamic performances in the environment was combined with the dietary exposure evaluation model, including the contribution of imported food, to develop the macroscopic mathematical model relating DDTs in the environment with the health risks of the reference Japanese. The model validity was examined by comparing the simulated DDTs concentrations in environmental media, various kinds of food, and dietary intake with those observed. Numerical simulations were done for the past half and future of one century to evaluate the effect of the DDTs usage prohibition in 1970 in Japan. The major results obtained under the limits considered are as follows. The DDTs concentrations in environmental media, various kinds of foods, and the dietary intake showed the steady exponential decrease after the DDTs usage prohibition in 1970. The DDE/DDTs ratio is larger in the higher position in an ecological system, and increased steadily with time. The critical exposure of DDTs occurred through animal product intake until 1960; after 1990 marine product intake caused the most exposure. The estimated DDTs intake was evaluated to be less than the PTDI and RfD. The annual excess cancer induction risk due to the annual dietary intake of DDTs was the largest at the level of (0.5 - 2.0) x 10(-6) (1/yr) in the early 1970s. The effect of the DDT usage prohibition on dietary exposure reduction was expected to appear after about 20 years. The life-span excess cancer induction risk was conservatively estimated to be larger than 10(-5) (1/lifespan) for the reference Japanese who were born before 1970. The DDTs usage prohibition in 1970 was effective to reduce the life-span cancer risk under the 10(-5) level.     

人与环境匹配:一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的模型

人与环境匹配(P-E fit)的纷繁概念和理论导致匹配的评价颇为模糊,这也给理论研究和管理实践造成了困扰。整理述评了P-E fit的不同概念定义和操作定义,从员工视角和组织视角分析整理了P-E fit各种理论,提出了十个相关命题,构建了一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的P-E fit综合评价模型。此模型不仅可有效测量P-E fit,而且是一个可操作性强的人力资源管理实践模型。     

环境、结构与认知:信号管理的发生机制探析

在对信号管理概念进行回顾的基础上,从外界环境、组织结构、决策者认知3个不同层次,梳理了信号管理发生机制的研究脉络,并结合对信号管理发生的本质认识,即组织决策者选择利用符号性资源解决其所感知到的冲突的决策过程,将信号管理发生机制的多层次研究系统地整合入“冲突识别-冲突解决”的两阶段决策框架.结合该框架,探讨了信号管理发生机制研究中亟待解决的问题,并对未来的研究进行了思考.