Disco clothing, female sexual motivation, and relationship status: is she dressed to impress?

The relationship between a female's clothing choice, sexual motivation, hormone levels, and partnership status (single or not single, partner present or not present) was analyzed in 351 females attending Austrian discotheques. We digitally analyzed clothing choice to determine the amount of skin display, sheerness, and clothing tightness. Participants self-reported sexual motivation, and we assessed estradiol and testosterone levels through saliva sampling. Results show that females are aware of the social signal function of their clothing and that they in some cases alter their clothing style to match their courtship motivation. In particular, sheer clothing -although rare in the study- positively correlated with the motivation for sex. Hormone levels influenced clothing choice in many groups, with testosterone levels correlating positively with physique display. In females who had a partner but were at the disco unaccompanied by the partner, estradiol levels correlated positively with skin display and clothing tightness. Significant differences were not found, however, for clothing choice across the partnership-status groups.     

Unmasking the crowd: participants’ motivation factors,expectations, and profile in a crowdsourced law reform

This article examines the demographic characteristics, motivations, and expectations of participants in a crowdsourced off-road traffic law reform in Finland. We found that the participants were mainly educated, full-time working professional males with a strong interest in off-road traffic. Though a minority, the women participating in the process produced more ideas than the men. The crowd was motivated by a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic motivations included fulfilling civic duty, affecting the law for sociotropic reasons, to deliberate with and learn from peers. Extrinsic motivations included changing the law for financial gain or other benefits. Participation in crowdsourced policy-making was an act of grassroots advocacy, whether to pursue one’s own interest or more altruistic goals, such as protecting nature. The motivations driving the participation were in part similar to those observed in traditional democratic processes, such as elections as well as other online collaborations such as crowdsourced journalism and citizen science. The crowds’ behavior was, however, paradoxical. They participated despite the fact that they did not expect that their contributions would affect the law.     

Why without pay? Intrinsic motivation in the unpaid labour supply

Economic theory explains the supply of volunteering alternatively as an ordinary consumer good or an investment good. This paper provides a simultaneous approach, considering both objectives, by using the psychological distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, in order to reconcile conflicting results reported in the literature. Following the simultaneity approach, the paper develops a theoretical model of unpaid labour supply within an agent's two-period utility maximization problem, taking into account the role of psychological motivation. The theoretical hypotheses are tested with a sample selection model for Italy, by using the 1997 Multipurpose Households Survey on everyday life issues carried out by the Italian National Statistical Office. A robustness analysis and endogeneity test for intrinsic motivation are also performed. Empirical analysis rejects the hypothesis that only a consumption or investment motive can explain Italian volunteers’ behaviour, supporting the hypothesis that both motives interact in shaping regular unpaid labour supply, with a stronger impact of consumption motives. The relevant variables for frequently supplied unpaid labour are intrinsic motivation, age, household income, family responsibilities and activity sector.     

Does the tax system ruin the motivation to seek advancement?

A number of hypotheses related to the effects of taxes and to social comparison processes were tested by means of a mail questionnaire in a study of 338 salaried employees, mostly in middle management positions. The results indicate that the tax system with progressive income taxes and increasing marginal rates of taxation did not serve as a significant inhibitor to the promotion will. Other factors such as the acceptability of the expected net salary raise in connection with a promotion, age level and the degree of social comparison influenced the promotion will and made the picture rather complex. People who wanted to be promoted were young, compared themselves with colleagues, had a relatively low income level and attached low importance to family and leisure activities.     

Differences in university students’ motivation between a required and an elective physical activity education policy

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine differences in students’ physical activity motivation, competence, and weekly exercise metabolic equivalent units (METs) between universities with different physical activity education (PAE) policy arrangements (ie, a required PAE vs. an elective PAE). Participants: Participants (N?=?953) were purposefully recruited from two universities with different PAE policies 1 week before the start of fall term 2015. Methods: Participants completed questionnaires assessing their physical activity motivation, competence, and weekly exercise METs. Results: The results of this study suggest that having a required PAE policy allows for more students with lower self-determined forms of motivation (ie, amotivation) to be reached in comparison to the elective PAE policy. Conclusions: This finding highlights that a primary value of having a required PAE policy is its ability to reach less motivated students.     

When i’m right you’re wrong: attitude correctness facilitates anger and approach motivation toward opposing individuals

Attitude correctness and attitude clarity define the broader concept, attitude certainty. Repeating one’s attitude to oneself causes attitude clarity, while learning that the majority of others agree with you causes attitude correctness. The current research tests how attitude correctness influences emotions and behavioral intentions toward individuals with opposing attitudes. We predicted that compared to clarity, those high in attitude correctness would feel more anger toward an opposing individual and a stronger desire to confront, oppose, and argue with them. Results across two studies supported predictions; believing that you hold the same attitude as the majority sparks feelings of anger toward individuals with differing viewpoints. The current work contributes to our understanding of heated debates and ugly confrontations.     

Soziologische Theorie,Handlungstheorie, Methoden,Familiensoziologie, Sozialstrukturanalyse,Raumsoziologie, Stadtsoziologie,Gedächtnissoziologie,Religionssoziologie

Literaturbesprechungen

Soziologische Theorie, Handlungstheorie, Methoden, Familiensoziologie, Sozialstrukturanalyse, Raumsoziologie, Stadtsoziologie, Ged?chtnissoziologie, Religionssoziologie     

鹅,鹅,鹅,向天歌

在黑龙江海伦市海兴镇,有一位"鹅司令"毕秀丽,她原本只是一名普通的农家妇女,近几年,她不仅靠养大鹅发家致富,而且把大鹅养殖做成了一个带动乡亲致富的产业,备受乡邻称赞.     

Wissenssoziologie,Methoden, Soziologie des Lebensverlaufs,Exklusion, Sportsoziologie,Gedächnisforschung,Soziologie der Gewalt,Europaforschung

Literaturbesprechungen

Wissenssoziologie, Methoden, Soziologie des Lebensverlaufs, Exklusion, Sportsoziologie, Ged?chnisforschung, Soziologie der Gewalt, Europaforschung     

哦,大哥,大哥,你好吗

母亲说,当护士刚把我们俩抱到她面前的时候,我第一个睁开了眼睛,顺手在他脸上轻轻挠了一把,还在襁褓里的他顿时疼得哇哇大哭.从那时开始,我们之间的争斗就没有停止过. 他比我早出生8分钟,我得叫他哥哥.不过,他天生体质就弱,发育得慢,和我在一起时总是受我欺负.小时候,我没少从他手里抢糖果吃.大家都说他的性格像爸爸,我像妈妈. 家里自从有了我们俩,就再没有一刻安宁的时候.从学会说话开始,我们不是在一起吵嘴,就是撸起袖子打架.     

宝宝,老婆,喂

~~宝宝,老婆,喂@汤馨敏 @刷刷~~     

与时俱进,努力学习,提高素质

2013年7月8日—14日,笔者有幸参加了厦门国家会计学院举办的"骨干教师能力提升培训班"学习。本文总结了这次学习的几点收获。     

Soziologische Theorie,Französische Soziologie,Religionssoziologie, Soziale Ungleichheit,Arbeitssoziologie

Literaturbesprechungen

Soziologische Theorie, Franz?sische Soziologie, Religionssoziologie, Soziale Ungleichheit, Arbeitssoziologie     

论人,知识,教

人是适应宇宙规律变化来求得生存,并探索宇宙规律来求新获得自身发展的复杂的动物。知识是人类历史实践中积累的人类共同认可的可以帮助人们实现需要的无形的工具。人要生存必须要知识,知识更多是又由教来获得。人离不开知识,知识需要教,教又需要人来教。所以,本文从教育哲学的角度就人、知识、教的关系进行了阐述,并剖析当今教育存在的一些不足,提出教育活动中应该关注人的本质和知识的选取以及运用合适的教法。     

北环线,副中心,运河法式温泉社区,实景呈现 国耀·上河城,双地铁,名校区,极致温泉豪宅

正实力双盈,整合国际顶尖团队,缔造全实景区域销冠社区实力企业航母双盈地产,整合上海日清建筑,瑞典SED新西林、香港高文安设计工作室等顶尖公司,倾力开发国耀·上河城。其首开以来多次蝉联区域销冠。而且一期二期现已全部完工,并已经全部入住;奢华品质,全已货真价实的呈现出来。北环线繁华副中心,三大配套体系,尽享繁华都会生活吃喝玩乐购,360°全维成熟配套体系。国耀·上河城立身于天津北拓发展的环线副中心——双街核心住区,周边集结休闲、餐饮、购物、娱乐等成熟生活配套。如永辉超市、肯德基、大地数字影城等。五大名校、一站式名校教育。包括天津市重点中学——天津市第四十七中学,北辰模范小学,以及华辰中学、天津市九十二中学等。