音乐的形式美与政治的音乐化——先秦儒家审美教育思想管窥

以和谐为最高目标的先秦儒家,其政治也追求音乐般和谐有序的状态和境界。其一,他们发现了理想的政治结构与音乐运动形式之间的异质同构;其二,先秦儒家伦理政治的基础和出发点是人性的中庸、平衡、节律与和谐,这使得先秦儒家实现伦理政治的途径借助于音乐,其目标与音乐相通。其三,他们认为政治的最高境界是达到至乐无声而天下之民和的音乐境界。在21世纪,政治更趋于民生自由和人性化的今天,先秦儒家关于政治音乐化的理想中所包含的哲学智慧和人文关怀对我们具有启发意义。     

孟子心性论作为当代儒家全球伦理的缘发动力

当代儒家伦理的核心问题之一是如何把儒家传统伦理转化成为一种全球伦理。本文认为,因为儒家伦理有古老和地域的双重特点,所以在当代要发展儒家伦理成为全球伦理就需要在这两个层面上实现突破。那么,如何把儒家伦理从古代伦理转化成为现代性伦理,把它从地域性的伦理有机地生长成为全球伦理?本文认为,孟子心性论在儒家发展的大多数时期是,今天仍然是把古老的儒家地域性伦理发展成为全球性伦理的根本缘发动力,但有必要对孟子心性论做当代哲学与宗教性的双重建构。在哲学上,孟子的心性论需要从一个动态的缘发关系型状态加以重构,从而能够立足当代儒家社会现实与西方哲学对话;在宗教上,孟子心性的宗教性深度和广度需要在西方宗教性维度的对照下得到确定,从而在中国当代社会的宗教性重构当中成为根本性的宗教精神原点。通过哲学与宗教的双重建构,使得儒家伦理在通过孟子心性论的重建而转化成为全球伦理。     

道教孝道:多元文化对话中的普世伦理构建

在儒释道多元文化对话中,道教通过理性与信仰并用,把儒家意识形态化的孝道伦理体系转化为日常道德生活的经验总结,实现道德共识的最大化;通过横向拓展和纵向延伸孝道之生命关怀意识,并运用神学伦理进行自我约束,实现人与自然、人与人、人与自身三重伦理关系的贯通;通过注重戒律的构建、信念的支撑和德性的培育,促进孝道伦理的普遍化认同与实践。道教的这些经验,为当前普世伦理的构建提供了宝贵的历史文化资源。     

住房城乡建设部：坚持孤儿优先原则 应保尽保

《国务院办公厅关于加强孤儿保障工作的意见》对加强孤儿住房保障和服务工作提出了明确的要求。这充分体现了党中央、国务院对孤儿住房问题的重视和关怀。各级住房城乡建设部门将认真贯彻落实国务院要求,把解决孤儿住房问题作为加快解决群众住房困难,     

董仲舒“独尊儒术”背后的话语陷阱——儒家公共话语建构的可能进路

董仲舒大一统宇宙论的建构和君道理论的完善,标志着儒家政治哲学的成熟;围绕权力的来源、运行、制约,形成一套完整的制度体系。然而家国同构、伦理与政治高度重合的集权政体中,政治话语实际上成为公共话语的主要内容。“儒学”经过政治话语的表达沦为“儒术”,理论层面的“君权天授”最终导向现实中的“独尊儒术”。近代以来,随着宗法制度的解体和社会结构的变革,儒家思想重新参与公共话语建构,获得了新的平台与机会。儒家道德伦理在公域、私域之间的密切关联,对解决当代不同话语体系对立所造成的困境,呈现出一定的独特性与优势。立足心性修养与仁善伦理,提供具有本土意义的人文语境和经验智慧,才能塑造真正关怀人的文明话语和生活话语。     

儒家经济伦理与社会经济发展

本文通过对马克斯·韦伯的“儒家伦理不发生资本主义”的命题和东亚一些学者的“儒家伦理有助于经济发展”的假设的分析,探讨了儒家经济伦理对我国经济由自然经济向商品经济全面转变的历史过程中所产生的作用和影响。作者认为:文化是社会经济发展的重要因素。在一些所谓“后工业社会”的资本主义国家,中国传统文化中的家族宗法经济伦理被用以救治其种种社会弊端,这反映了儒家文化对这些国家和地区的某种积极作用。但儒家经济伦理作为自然经济的产物与商品经济观念是根本对立和互相排斥的,我们在开创中国特色的社会主义道路的过程中,不可盲目照搬资本主义国家对待儒家文化的经验,对儒家经济伦理的痼弊应有一个清醒的认识。     

孤儿就业模式新探索：孤儿职业技术学校内的社工介入

据报道，2010年对全国孤儿现状进行摸底调查后得到的数字表明：目前全国大约有孤儿71．2万人。面临这样一个庞大群体，政府对于孤残儿童的社会保障给予了高度关注，国家的“十五”、“十一五”、“十二五”规划中都充分表示了对孤残儿童的关怀。如何让孤儿群体成年之后更好料理生活、解决发展问题，     

山东济宁市:扎实做好孤儿保障工作

建立孤儿保障工作长效机制.2012年,济宁市政府印发了《关于加强孤儿保障工作的意见》,建立了全方位的孤儿保障体系,对孤儿医疗、教育、住房、就业创业等给予政策关怀.目前,该市按照机构养育孤儿每人每月1200元、社会散居孤儿每人每月720元、困境儿童每人每月300元的标准足额和社会化发放基本生活费,有力保障了他们的基本生活.     

从宋明理学理欲论看儒家伦理重心的转向

伦理思想是儒家的核心思想,在儒家两千多年的发展中,伦理思想同其它别的思想一样,也在发生变化。本文从其中一个方面———伦理标准,论述从先秦到宋明,儒家的伦理标准的变化。先秦儒家以“仁、义”为最高伦理标准,而到宋明儒家以“去欲”为最高伦理原则。从“仁、义”到“去欲”发生了较大的变化,体现了儒家伦理重心的偏移。     

成年孤儿安置的个案工作方法

近年来，在党和政府的关怀下，青岛市儿童福利院以孤残儿童回归家庭、最终顺利融入社会、实现自理、自立、自强为目标，抓住突出的成年孤儿安置问题，积极引入社会工作理念和工作方法，以案主为中心，通过中长期个案辅导，切实做好每个成年孤儿的顺利融入社会、适应社会的安置工作。     

The role of informal caregivers in the well‐being of orphans in Botswana: a literature review

With the orphan population escalating, communities continue to rely on relatives to provide care to orphans. Therefore, there is a need to explore the role of caregivers with regard to the well‐being of orphans, the challenges they face, as well as how they could be empowered to be more responsive to children's needs. The paper acknowledges that informal caregivers play an important role in the lives of orphans. The paper also concedes that, in the process, caregivers are faced with challenges which make it difficult for them to fulfil their responsibilities and roles. As a result, they sometimes act as sources of stress to orphans, which eventually complicate the children's adjustment to the loss of their parents. Lastly, the paper paves the way to ensuring that challenges faced by informal caregivers are addressed in a manner that will make them more supportive to orphans.     

震后孤儿社区综合支持体系研究

本文以民政部与联合国儿童基金会＂震后孤儿安置＂研究项目为依托,通过对汶川震后632名孤儿的安置、救助、服务状况的跟踪研究,总结分析了对成都、都江堰、汶川、绵竹、什邡、德阳等灾区和大型安置点的民政干部、服务机构人员、社区工作者、老师、孤儿监护人和孤儿全面考察获得的第一手资料,探究了震后孤儿及其监护家庭的生存和社会支持体系现状,发现目前震后孤儿的支持体系存在着社会支持的临时性、心理援助的短暂性、情感支持的脆弱性、制度支持的缺失性等特点进而提出通过强化社区灾后重建综合支持体系,即：法规政策体系、行政管理体系、服务保障体系、社会支持体系等,充分发挥社区在为灾民提供社会保障和社会支持方面的重要作用,形成以社区为基础的社会支持网络,为震后孤儿提供稳定、更全面的社会保障。     

阳光家园中艾滋致孤儿童养成教育探析

艾滋致孤儿童生活在艾滋病的阴影下,在生活、医疗、教育权利得到基本的保障之后,如何搞好其养成教育便成为摆在我们面前亟待解决的问题。文章对艾滋致孤儿童养成教育的背景、特点、重要性、途径和方法等问题进行了论述,指出应当完善阳光家园安置模式。对艾滋致孤儿童进行有关做人的基本素质的养成。     

受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析—兼论高校社会工作教育者的介入

受艾滋病影响儿童作为特殊弱势群体,其救助具有特殊性和多元性,需要社会各方面力量的参与和整合。作为一项专业的综合性服务活动,社会工作以助人自助为核心价值观,强调个别化、平等、接纳等原则。运用专业的理论、方法和技巧介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体。目的是协助其走出心理等多重困境,同时能够使其社会功能得到恢复和发展。在综观现有研究的解决对策基础上,文章尝试了高校社会工作教育者介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析,分析了其优势和特点。并对其工作载体和工作手法等提出了构想。     

受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析——兼论高校社会工作教育者的介入

受艾滋病影响儿童作为特殊弱势群体,其救助具有特殊性和多元性,需要社会各方面力量的参与和整合。作为一项专业的综合性服务活动,社会工作以助人自助为核心价值观,强调个别化、平等、接纳等原则,运用专业的理论、方法和技巧介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体,目的是协助其走出心理等多重困境,同时能够使其社会功能得到恢复和发展。在综观现有研究的解决对策基础上,文章尝试了高校社会工作教育者介入受艾滋病影响儿童群体救助工作的新路径探析,分析了其优势和特点,并对其工作载体和工作手法等提出了构想。     

The role of extended families in childcare and protection: the case of rural China

This article focuses on a traditional system of protecting orphaned children in rural areas in Southern China. It examines the role of extended families in supporting orphans and the division of labour between the family and the state when it comes to financial and caring responsibilities in child protection. The research finds that orphans are effectively supported and protected by the traditional system of family care and protection. However, the traditional system faces challenges and financial difficulties in terms of bearing the costs of education and healthcare for orphaned children. To protect children adequately, intervention by the modern welfare state is urgently needed in China.     

Alternative care options and policy choices to support orphans: The case of Mozambique in the context of the SADC

Contextualizing the situation of orphans within the Southern African region and drawing on quantitative and qualitative field research, this article analyses care options and social protection policy for orphans in Mozambique, with its focus placed on children in orphan support centres. Seeking to offer new insights and greater understanding of the experiences of children in care and of the social protection available to them, the research highlights that orphaned children living in informal foster care arrangements are more likely to experience abuse, neglect and maltreatment than those living in non‐governmental care organizations. The research emphasizes the need for a more careful selection of foster families in which children are placed. Recommendations include the need to focus on capacity building and institutional reforms that provide social protection policies for orphaned children as part of an overall social protection floor. The monitoring and evaluation of organizations providing care to orphaned children is deemed a priority.     

Social support and stress of kin caregivers of orphaned children in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia: Implications for practice and policy

Using a mixed methods research design, this study analysed available social supports and stressors among 127 kin caregivers who were caring for HIV‐ and AIDS‐affected orphans and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The conceptual framework of the study was social support viewed as a buffer. Kin caregivers’ scores indicate a low level of social support and a high level of stress. The amount of support caregivers received from formal sources is considered inadequate, irregular and inconsistent. Kin caregivers’ stress is situational and largely related to poverty, especially food insecurity. Social service providers should consider programmes that strengthen support to help kin caregivers deal with major stressors. Policy makers should ensure that both specific child and caregiver supportive policies and related programmes respond to the overwhelming numbers of orphans and vulnerable children in Ethiopia through explicitly acknowledging the significant role of kinship care.     

Orphans and political instability

Objective: This study investigates the security implications of growing orphan populations, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Little has been written about the security implications of this especially vulnerable group of children. Are growing orphan populations associated with increases in political instability as has been suggested? Method: Using data from several sources, we employ regression analysis to test whether Sub-Saharan African countries with larger proportions of orphans and those with increasing orphan populations experience higher rates of political instability. Results: We find that the increase in the orphan population is related to an increasing incidence of civil conflict, but do not find a similar relationship for the proportion of orphans. In addition, we find that the causes of orphanhood matter. Conclusions: We conclude that increases in orphan populations (rather than simple proportions) are destabilizing. We suggest possible avenues for mediating the security risks posed by growing orphan populations.     

浅谈儿童福利机构社工岗位的设置

社会工作者专业正式纳入全国专业技术职称体系,标志着社会工作专业将进入可持续、快速发展阶段。本文通过对儿童福利机构以及孤残儿童的需求分析,论述了社会工作人才队伍建设的必要性,提出在儿童福利机构中设置社工岗位的设想。