东西方传统文化的超越性人格模式与范型比较

每个民族都会有自己所推崇的人格模式与范型,东西方文化中均有各自推崇的不同的超越性人格模式与范型.西方基督教文化中的完美人格范型与儒家天本位理想人格中的理想人格范型作为两种高层次的人格追求,在各自的社会中被传承了两千多年,两者之间存在着很多方面的异同,以往却缺乏对此的探讨.这两种人格范型的确立方式、标准、实现途径和提供的动力强度等存在着相异之处;两者也存在相同之处,如都是对天或上帝的效法两者均要与效法对象一上帝(亦被称为天、道)合一、强调人有效法的基础(上帝、天或道内在于人),两者都重视人的生存意义等.比较这两种人格范型,以期能够对中国现代理想人格的塑造提供借鉴.     

试论大学生心理咨询中的性问题

从心理咨询的角度,透视出新时期部分大学生存在性随意性,性与婚姻分离以及性金钱化等不道德的性观念问题。与全盘接受西方"性解放"观念不无关系,深入其内心世界,可知在性行为上选择了开放,甚至放纵的同时;而中国传统的性贞洁观念又在其心灵上筑起樊篱,使其饱受煎熬,难以释然,导致性疑虑症,性失落感,性羞辱感等诸多性苦闷。弗洛伊德的"利比多"与人格构成理论揭示导致这一原因是放纵的"性本我"与道德的"性自我"之间的矛盾,教育要从认清"性本我",培养"性自我",推崇理想的"性超我"入手,从而提升大学生的性人格。     

当代中国人的理想人格特征及其社会化塑造机制

当代中国社会发展的根本目的是实现中国人的全面发展 ,而实现人的全面发展的实质与核心是塑造人的理想人格。理想人格是被人们普遍推崇和肯定 ,并由国家所倡导和推广的人格模式。这种人格模式应具有良好的要素特征、结构特征、功能特征与标志特征。要塑造当代中国的理想人格必须坚持文化整合、系统合理、现实超越、整体优化、创新开放的基本设计原则 ,并建立健全相应的教育塑造机制、市场塑造机制、政治塑造机制和文化塑造机制     

公平之伦理真义的掘发与拓展

公平与公正、正义、正当等概念相近似,本质上是一个利益分配和关系对待的范畴,它要求立意"公"的角度坚持"平"的标准去分配物质财富、社会好处,做到标准同一、一视同仁.因此,公平是公正与平等的有机统一.公平的伦理真义从主体和人格上讲就是推崇平等,从活动和交换上讲就是注重公正,从其交往和交换的原则上讲则是讲求互惠互利.社会主义公平是人类历史上最先进最具有道义性的公平.这不仅因为它是建立在正义的社会制度之上,而且因为它是以正义和平等作为其基本原则的.     

简论陆王心学在中国近代的影响

陆九渊、王守仁的心学在中国近代曾受到诸多思想家的推崇、鼓吹。陆王学派对中国近代产生过影响的主要有三个方面:其一,勇于怀疑、否定旧权威的批判精神和不盲从、不迷信,提倡独立思考的学风,以及由此而引发的自主理性;其二,视"心"为宇宙间最高存在的主观唯心论;其三,强烈的主体意识、独立不羁的自主精神和自尊自重的人格。     

英美法系对公司人格否认思想的借鉴

我国修改公司法的核心任务是健全公司独立法人人格制度,乃法学界关注的热点。然而,对滥用公司独立人格权利的相应法律规范体系,在我国尚未建立。目前,在司法实践中,对以公司名义贪赃枉法的公司管理人员,已开始间接引用英美法系公司法人人格否认的思想。本质上,公司人格否认思想是对公司法人人格独立制度的有效补充和完善,它具体包括"揭开公司面纱原则"和"深石原则"等。     

清末民初的朱舜水热

从１９世纪７０年代后期开始，中国近现代不少风云人物先后东渡扶桑。这些人无不对朱舜水的事迹、思想发生了兴趣，但他们的兴趣点各不相同：早期改良派推崇的是朱民的人格力量和爱国情操；维新派推崇的是朱氏的忠君意识和大义名分论；革命派更多的是借用朱舜水反满抗清的言论和务实学风。     

4"韩流"标签

伴随韩流一起出现的一个新名词,"哈"有恭顺、崇拜的意思,"哈韩"就是崇拜韩国文明,推崇和模仿韩国流行元素的意思.随着"韩流"的不断蔓延,中国出现了以青年人为主的韩国文化追随者,被称为"哈韩族".这标志着韩国成为了中国年轻人新的时尚坐标.韩流推崇个性、自由、随意、反叛、不拘一格的精神,这正迎合了年轻一代彰显个性、追求自由的心理.     

宋濂诗学浅论

本文总论宋濂诗学思想,认为宋濂诗学建立在针对现实的基础上,适应时代需求。他的理论体系包含以礼义为思想之本、以"缘情托物"为创作之本的诗歌本体论,兼备"五美"的诗人论,推崇台阁创作、强调实用功能的风格论。     

消费主义时代美育对大学生和谐人格的建构作用

高等教育以培养全面健康和谐发展的高素质人才为根本目标,而高素质人才的首要标志是人格发展上的和谐.和谐人格由健全统一的心理人格和真善美相谐的道德人格两个层面构成,二者的统一是大学生健康和谐发展的基础.当前,西方消费主义所蕴涵的实用主义、享乐主义、拜金主义价值取向,造成了大学生心理结构要素中实用理性因素的过分膨胀和感性因素的畸形发展,使大学生的内在自我与心理人格和谐遭到严重破坏;其自我中心主义本质及所倡导的"符号消费"观念,对大学生与外部世界和谐共处所形成的道德人格和谐造成了强烈冲击.为此,高等学校应大力加强对大学生的审美教育.美育作为一种生命教育、情感教育,以塑造健全完满的人性与和谐的人格为终极目的,并全面渗透于德育、智育之中,对当代大学生的全面、健康发展及和谐人格建构具有重要的主导作用.     

略论朱熹教育思想的当代价值

朱熹的教育思想十分丰富,其“明人伦”、“教有成法”、居敬持志等教育思想对我们今天教育学生学会做人、培养学生创新能力具有重要的现实指导意义。     

钟嵘对陶学的贡献

钟嵘在陶学史上有重大的理论建树 ,他首次发掘了陶诗的两个艺术渊源 ,即楚辞与《国风》 ;他第一次从文艺学角度对陶诗简洁委婉、古朴深厚的主体风格进行审视剖析 ,也第一次综合评论陶渊明的人品与诗品 ,并提出“隐逸诗人之宗”的论断     

中英气候伦理对话：从分歧走向共识——第四届气候变化与公共政策国际学术会议综述

2014年9月21日至23日,第四届气候变化与公共政策国际学术会议暨中英气候伦理与政策研讨会在英国雷丁大学和牛津大学召开。会议围绕五组主题展开：代际气候正义与代内气候正义,气候贫困与消费者选择,平等与发展,国际法律与国际制度,新问题与新技术方案。此次会议对中英学者在应对气候变化问题上增进了解、求同存异、寻找共识起到了重要作用,进一步提升了我国学者参与国际气候问题交流与合作的水平和能力。     

"Involving interface": an extended mind theoretical approach to roboethics

In 2008 the authors held "Involving Interface," a lively interdisciplinary event focusing on issues of biological, sociocultural, and technological interfacing (see Acknowledgments). Inspired by discussions at this event, in this article, we further discuss the value of input from neuroscience for developing robots and machine interfaces, and the value of philosophy, the humanities, and the arts for identifying persistent links between human interfacing and broader ethical concerns. The importance of ongoing interdisciplinary debate and public communication on scientific and technical advances is also highlighted. Throughout, the authors explore the implications of the extended mind hypothesis for notions of moral accountability and robotics.     

Workers and helpers: perspectives on children's labour 1899-1999

Summary Children's work has become, over the last century, proscribedby law and custom. Both in domestic and external settings, labouris held to damage the physical, emotional and spiritual well-beingof children. Adults who collude in or tolerate children's labourare subject to judicial penalties and moral condemnation. Thesocial history of childhood proposes an upwards temporal inclinefrom barbarity to humanity. Children's exclusion from the labourmarket is a key factor in this trajectory. Work by children,including care for siblings and parents, has become part ofthe same moral universe as child abuse. It is proposed herethat this proposition may be applied too indiscriminately and,furthermore, that condemnation of children's labour is associatedwith wider social needs and has not arisen solely as a resultof philanthropy. The past, it is suggested, has been disproportionatelydemonized, partly in order to promote certain political goals.While this does not imply that child labour, external or domestic,is unproblematic, it is argued that the same historic mechanismswhich have resulted in the distortion of children's labour experiencehave the capacity to bias our understanding of contemporarywork undertaken by children.     

关于陈子昂诗歌理论理解的几点辨正

《修竹篇序》无疑是陈子昂诗歌理论的代表文献,表达了陈氏诗歌理论的主要观点,但我们又绝不能仅仅据此一《序》来论定陈氏诗歌理论的全部观点。要准确理解陈氏诗歌理论,必须对陈氏写此《序》的特殊背景、陈氏对诗歌其他看法以及陈氏创作实践等等因素作整体观,方可减少片面之嫌。学术界普遍认定的陈氏只重汉魏而反晋宋和齐梁的观点,也十分不妥。其实,陈氏虽重汉魏,然亦重晋宋,陈氏认为“汉魏”以“风骨”见长,“晋宋”以“兴寄”擅胜,其诗论中“兴寄”一说的理论内涵实根植于晋宋而非汉魏,陈氏对齐梁诗也不是全盘否定,虽然在陈氏看来齐梁诗“风骨”无存,“兴寄”都绝,但对它在律诗方面的贡献并未抹杀。     

The Ecology of Family Guidance in Low-Income Mexican-American and European-American Families*

This two-part study applied an ecocultural perspective to socialization of daily and long-term goals in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families with children in third, fifth, and seventh grades. The first part of the study examined family members' participation and parents' socialization goals and guidance strategies for their children's daily household chores and homework activities. The second part of the study examined parents' long-term aspirations and guidance strategies for their children's educational, vocational, and moral development. For daily activities, results showed that in Mexican-American families both parents and siblings played important roles, whereas in European-American families parents were the primary socialization agents. As predicted, in both groups parents' expertise influenced their guidance strategies. Finally, Mexican-American and European-American parents differed in their relative endorsement of gender, relational, and self-reliance goals for household chores. For long-term goals, parents in both groups held high educational, vocational, and moral aspirations for their children. However, some parents of seventh-graders had lower educational and vocational aspirations than those of fifth- and third-graders. Although expertise consistently influenced Mexican-American parents' guidance strategies, the pattern for European-American parents was mixed. The discussion highlights between- and within-group differences in daily and long-term socialization practices with an emphasis on resources and vulnerabilities in the families.     

觉醒与抗争:北洋军阀吴佩孚民族意识述评

吴佩孚作为北洋军阀的直系首领,在激烈动荡的年代,曾纵横捭阖,翻云覆雨;或排斥异己,挑起战端,给中华民族带来巨大的灾难。长期以来,被视作"反动军阀"与"人民公敌",然而,这并非其人生的全部。"五四"时期以"爱国将军"声名鹊起;北伐之后,落魄下野,即使处境艰难,仍以家国为念,面对日伪的威逼利诱,依然洁身自好,自全名节,浓厚的民族意识渗透其一生的方方面面,晚年演绎了一段失败英雄的悲壮传奇。     

Popular support for institutionalised solidarity: a comparison between European welfare states

In this article, we study the determinants of supportiveness for the welfare state as a system of institutionalised solidarity. We distinguish between two types of support; namely, 1) whether people hold the state responsible for achieving social-economic security and distributive justice, and 2) people's preference for the range of these goals that should be realised if the state is indeed held responsible. Using data from the Eurobarometer survey series, we investigate how, and to what extent, both kinds of support for the welfare state are related to position in the stratification structure, demographic characteristics, and social-political beliefs, as well as to features of European welfare state regimes. The results of a two-level hierarchical model suggest that moral commitment to the welfare state dominates at the individual level, whereas self-interest enters the picture mainly if a person is highly dependent on the provisions of the welfare state. Further, the findings give no support to the claim of a systematic variation between levels of popular support for the welfare state and its institutional set-up.     

赫勒关于理性化进程中道德规则重建的思考

在现代思想家们关于现代性危机的各种反思中,从道德视角进行的反思和批判占据了很重要的位置.赫勒对现代道德理论的重建主要是围绕着"好人存在,但好人何以存在?"这一道德中心问题而展开的,最终落脚干对理性化进程中道德规则的重新阐释.赫勒转换了道德规则划分的标准,即从按照层级划分变成按照领域划分.详细论述了现代社会中道德准则和法则、道德原则和格言等多样性的道德规则,并强调,多样性道德规则的内化对于消除外在道德规范和个体的内在自由之间的张力具有重要价值.正是通过对道德规则的一系列重新阐释.赫勒为克服现代性危机提供了一种道德重建的改革方案.