The Missing Model: A “Circle of Gifts”

Abstract

In spite of the search for electronic publishing models, there is apparently already early, energetic scholarly publishing on the networks. Without a great deal of adjustment and even without formal academic recognition, the Net's accessibility and excitement have provided academic "incentives." With thoughtful development, it could provide a highly effective and competitive path to delivering scholarly knowledge. Indeed, there is currently so much momentum that it is difficult to imagine a failure to proceed, short of a deliberate and concerted attempt by universities and scholars to suppress the "thousand flowers" blooming on the scholarly networks, a choice not to support and subsidize academic publishing on the Net.

An effective scholar-based publishing system must recognize and support the widely divers forms of communication necessary for research and scholarship. It should not discriminate against nonlucrative projects or disciplines. It complements the paper-based scholarly efforts of university presses and of academic libraries, which are already beginning to provide networked access and archiving for university-generated scholarship. It creates a linked structure of scholars, societies, and academic institutions. It aims to fulfill another vital objective: retaining for the academy some ownership of its authored intellectual property.

The Missing Model, fledgling and fuzzy, is alive and well and living on the Net. To thrive, the academy needs to thoughtfully nurture it. The Circle of Gifts concept formally entwines the scholarly community, research institutions, scholars, and learned societies in the age-old and time-honored enterprise in which ideas are shared, affordably, by the creators of the ideas.     

Discipline-Specific Literature Bases: A View of the APS Model

Abstract

Librarians see the large quantities of literature and the complete writing/publishing/world as a complete system. Changes to one piece (e.g., making publishing or reading electronic) will not fundamentally change the process. The pieces of the system are there, not for technological reasons, but for reasons of authority, validation, and self-correction in the process of scholarly communication. Electronic publishing will cause great changes, but the changes will not eliminate roles that now exist. The changes will be to enhance our abilities to better do that which we do now, whether that be to edit, review, referee, write, or manage the information flow.     

SCOAP3 and Open Access

SCOAP3 is an innovative Open Access initiative for publishing in high-energy physics. The model is viewed by many as a potential solution to multiple issues related to the financial crisis, the peer review system, scholarly communication, and the need to support institutional repositories. This installment of “The Balance Point” presents articles written by three Open Access advocates, outlining the SCOAP3 proposal, benefits of participation, and some of the roles libraries, publishers and scientists can play in making important changes to scholarly communication. Contributors discuss scalability and transferability issues of SCOAP3, as well as other matters of concern.     

SCOAP3 and Open Access

Abstract

SCOAP3 is an innovative Open Access initiative for publishing in high-energy physics. The model is viewed by many as a potential solution to multiple issues related to the financial crisis, the peer review system, scholarly communication, and the need to support institutional repositories. This installment of “The Balance Point” presents articles written by three Open Access advocates, outlining the SCOAP3 proposal, benefits of participation, and some of the roles libraries, publishers and scientists can play in making important changes to scholarly communication. Contributors discuss scalability and transferability issues of SCOAP3, as well as other matters of concern.     

Toolkits for Equity: An Antiracist Framework for Scholarly Publishing

Abstract

Fueled by a recent groundswell of support, scholarly publishing organizations are formalizing their focus on equity and inclusion, yet there is still a lack of effective programs and solutions actually in place. A cross-organizational working group is developing antiracism toolkits (for organizations, for allies, and for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) to transform scholarly publishing workplaces and organizational cultures. The resources, which will be hosted at c4disc.org, provide a common framework for analysis, a shared vocabulary, best practices, and training materials to guide individuals and organizations as they address systemic inequities specific to the scholarly publishing community. Originally planned as a presentation at the NC Serials Conference in March 2020, this article introduces the toolkits and explains why an antiracist framework is essential to transforming scholarly publishing.     

Research Online: Digital Commons as a Publishing Platform at the University of Wollongong, Australia

Since 2006, Research Online, the University of Wollongong's open access institutional repository has utilised Bepress' Digital Commons software to make available published research outputs and digital theses. This article discusses the outcomes of recent academic demand for its use as a publishing tool of university journals and conference proceedings. The Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice is provided as an example. Digital Commons includes the editorial management software, EdiKit, which assists in managing submissions, editorial functions, and peer review. Also considered are changes to scholarly communication patterns arising out of the new open access, electronic only, publication regimes.     

Publishing with Open Journal Systems (OJS): A Librarian’s Perspective

Abstract

The genesis of this paper is a workshop presentation on publishing with Open Journal Systems (OJS) that was delivered during the Kenya Library and Information Services Consortium Pre-Annual General Meeting held on May 30, 2019, at the Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya. The article lays the context of online hosting of university sponsored journals in Kenya and gives a background of Online Journals Systems. The paper further describes potential roles that librarians can play in institutional journal publishing. The article concludes that librarians possess the requisite skills for participating in scholarly journal publishing and recommends that including publishing literacy skills in information literacy sessions provides an excellent opportunity to showcase librarians’ value in the scholarly journal publishing process.     

Open Access and Promotion and Tenure Evaluation Plans at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire

Department and program evaluation plans at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire were examined to see if these documents provide evidence that could be used to justify supporting the publication of peer-reviewed open access articles toward tenure and promotion. In an earlier study, the authors reveal that faculty members at the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire are more unaware of open access publishing than their counterparts at larger universities. These findings dovetail with other studies that show that faculty members are reluctant to publish in open access journals because of concerns about the quality of those journals. The existing body of scholarship suggests that tenure-line faculty fear publishing in open access journals because it could adversely impact their chances of promotion and tenure. The authors of this current study sought to determine if department and program evaluation plans could influence negative perceptions faculty have of open access journals. The implications of this study for librarians, scholarly communication professionals, tenure-line faculty, departments, and programs are addressed.     

Electronic journals and the paradigm shift: 1995 Spring forum of the Canadian Serials Industry Systems Advisory Committee

Abstract

Since 2006, Research Online, the University of Wollongong's open access institutional repository has utilised Bepress' Digital Commons software to make available published research outputs and digital theses. This article discusses the outcomes of recent academic demand for its use as a publishing tool of university journals and conference proceedings. The Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice is provided as an example. Digital Commons includes the editorial management software, EdiKit, which assists in managing submissions, editorial functions, and peer review. Also considered are changes to scholarly communication patterns arising out of the new open access, electronic only, publication regimes.     

Middle East and North African Information Resources: Western Libraries Navigating the Montage

The spotlight for this edition of “The Balance Point” is on publishing and collection development issues in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region of the world. While reflecting upon recent events in the Middle East and Europe, the column editor began to wonder what impact current issues have on publishing, collection development, scholarly communication, and discoverability of resources from the MENA region, as well as the impact these issues have on the collection development activities of Western academic research libraries. Blair Kuntz, the Near and Middle Eastern studies librarian at the University of Toronto Library, was asked to coauthor the column and to share his insights regarding the region with readers. The authors discuss the myriad issues and the mosaic of collection development issues for the MENA region.     

Can the Growth of Mega-Journals Affect Authors' Choice of Journal?

The growth of mega-journals has also brought about changes in authorship. This study uses collected data to identify the transitions of mega-journal publishing and changes of authorship. For authors interested in publishing in mega-journals, the publication of South Korean authors in these mega-journals is specifically sampled and checked, revealing that mega-journals are increasingly the targets for publication. Some mega-journals have an impact factor even if they have only been publishing for 5–10 years. Ten out of 12 SCIE mega-journals collected in this study show a high impact factor, which is above average. Furthermore, the number of articles published by South Korean authors in major mega-journals is also on the rise. The result of this study will be useful for mega-journal editors, who are keen to know what factors influence author choice of journals, and for those who attempt to predict what impact mega-journals will have on scholarly journal publishing in the future.     

Scholarly Communication 2.0: Exploring Researchers' Opinions on Web 2.0 for Scientific Knowledge Creation, Evaluation and Dissemination

This paper presents the results of a survey aimed at gauging the potential acceptance of a collaborative and Web 2.0 inspired scholarly communication sector. While this sector has seen the birth of a multitude of innovative initiatives, there is still little empirical evidence of the acceptance of such initiatives by researchers. We received 349 completed questionnaires from researchers of many different disciplines. The results of the survey show that there is a strong positive attitude towards Web 2.0 and open publishing approaches. However, the major challenge still resides in combining free dissemination of results with robust and reliable quality control mechanisms.     

Author disincentives and open access

All parties in the scholarly-information marketplace agree that any Open Access (OA) system will have to account for the costs of disseminating scholarly information and of editing, publishing and distributing it. There has been less discussion of the fact that for an OA forum to succeed, it will have to be accepted and supported by authors. Author charges, a relative lack of prestige, and the required abdication of copyright are three characteristics of many currently emerging OA models that may pose significant barriers to author acceptance. These will have to be addressed if OA providers wish to be competitive with non-OA providers.     

Open Access Mandates and Policies: The Basics

Abstract

Universities can afford to subscribe to only a small percentage of available scholarly journals. Consequently, researchers do not have access to all articles in journals pertinent to their fields of study. The Open Access (OA) movement began in response to wanting to find a solution to this “serials crisis” and the availability of the Internet to disseminate scholarly research in new and innovative ways to a larger, worldwide audience. OA mandates are policies adopted by research institutions, universities, or funders that require researchers to provide free, unrestricted access to their published research by publishing in OA journals, depositing their articles in an OA repository or both. This edition of “In Lay Terms” provides basic information about OA mandates and policies, gives an overview of university and funder OA mandates, discusses geographic differences in policies and compliance rates, and reviews United States federal funding agencies’ OA policies and Plan S.     

Author disincentives and open access

Abstract

All parties in the scholarly-information marketplace agree that any Open Access (OA) system will have to account for the costs of disseminating scholarly information and of editing, publishing and distributing it. There has been less discussion of the fact that for an OA forum to succeed, it will have to be accepted and supported by authors. Author charges, a relative lack of prestige, and the required abdication of copyright are three characteristics of many currently emerging OA models that may pose significant barriers to author acceptance. These will have to be addressed if OA providers wish to be competitive with non-OA providers.     

Open Dialog

Libraries have been building publishing programs in increasing numbers, with motivations including the needs of local authors and editors and the desire to positively impact scholarly communications. Library publishers offer diverse services, depending on their goals and capabilities. In this column, two librarians involved in managing publishing services profile their institutions' respective programs. Efforts aimed at increasing library–publisher cooperation and education are briefly mentioned.     

融资约束、土地财政与地方政府投资行为

本文立足于中国特定的制度环境,从融资约束的角度建立了一个地方政府投资和土地财政关系的分析框架,采用地方政府2002-2010年间的面板数据,检验融资约束对地方政府投资的影响,从而为进一步的财政改革提供微观证据。本文的研究结果表明：（1）地方政府投资和土地出让收入呈显著正相关关系,这说明地方政府投资受到了融资约束,过度依赖于土地出让收入。（2）“事权”和“财权”不匹配所导致的财政缺口加大了地方政府融资约束,而金融发展则缓解了融资约束现象,财政缺口较小、金融发展水平较高的地区,政府投资与土地出让收入之间的相关性较小。最后,本文认为进一步的财税体制改革和金融市场发展可以改善地方政府的融资条件,促进地方政府更有效率地进行投资。     

土地融资、城市化失衡与地方债务风险

本文研究了土地融资对我国城市化失衡的影响效果、地区异质性表现以及背后隐藏的债务风险。利用2007-2015年间地级市数据的实证结果表明：地方政府的土地融资活动显著促进了“土地城市化快于人口城市化”这一失衡现象的形成,并且此影响在人口流出地和中西部地区的城市表现得更显著。进一步分析发现：“负债型”城市化融资与“供给型”城市建设相结合的发展模式可能引致较大的地方政府债务风险,主要体现为土地融资会加重发展失衡城市的债务负担,而投资回报和效率较低是造成这一结果的重要机制。以上结论意味着不考虑需求因素而盲目依靠债务性投资驱动城市化发展的方式是不可持续的,应探索建立推动城市化良性发展的融资体系,并在土地融资与城市公共服务供给之间建立稳定的投入联系。