A social identity framework of American hip-hop cultural performance

The sociocognitive processes of marginalized-group social identity negotiation within a wider hegemonic sociocultural context can appear counterintuitive. Employing social identity theory to extend our understanding of the tension between racial and economic group-based identities, the mutations of three notable hip-hop referents serve as case studies that illuminate a framework of the intra- and intergroup relations facilitated by hip-hop's cultural performance within a racialized society.     

Mobilising diasporas for justice. Opportunity structures and the presencing of a violent past

ABSTRACT

This article investigates how the global dominance of the transitional justice (TJ) discourse and practice – and the controversies and conflicts that arise around TJ – have come to make up an important context for diaspora mobilisation. The article looks at the increasingly globalised mechanisms and norms of transitional justice as a set of opportunity structures – political, legal and discursive – which shape diaspora mobilisation. Diaspora engagement in commemoration, truth-seeking and legal justice in relation to atrocities in Rwanda and Sri Lanka is studied. The article shows that in relation to Rwanda, state dominance and divides are largely replicated in the diasporic space, while the Sri Lankan case provides examples of how Tamil diaspora engagement have been able to reverse power dynamics around TJ. Combining opportunity structures with the concept of ‘past presencing’, the article shows how diaspora groups appropriate and strategise in relation to the dominant norms and practices of TJ, and how in doing so the past is performed and experienced in ways which are both personally and politically meaningful.     

浙江省社会公正状况的实证分析

本文通过浙江省居民基尼系数的实际数据,分别从全体、农村和城镇基尼系数说明浙江的公正状况,测算了人口总收入、家户总收入、人口可支配收入和家户可支配收入四种数据,详细说明城镇和农村内部社会公正状况,并分别从一般性的社会政策、劳工政策、金融市场政策和财政税收政策四方面提出改善社会公正的支持建议.     

社会变迁中的回族文化环境

在社会变迁中 ,一个文化发展、进步的民族 ,总离不开其文化赖以依附的环境 ,作为拥有 860多万人口、散居于全国的回族 ,在未来的发展中 ,面临着文化环境的挑战与发展 ,冲突与抉择。     

近代瑶族社会形态再研究

本文从历史人类学的角度,对近代瑶族地区的多种社会形态做了再描述与分析,并从整体上提出了对解放前瑶族社会形态的新看法。     

Educational Cultural Negotiators for students of color: a descriptive study of racial advocacy leaders

The research presented in this study focuses on Educational Cultural Negotiators (ECNs). The participants were teachers, administrators, and graduate students in an after-school program in the Midwest and a community-based school/university partnership in the Western U.S. We posit that the roles of the ECNs function as advocacy leaders to invoke racial affirmation, and academic intervention on behalf of African-American and Latina/o students at these school sites. Relying on critical race theory as the methodological analysis of the findings, this study seeks to identify the role of the ECNs as advocates for students in these settings to promote their academic and personal growth and success. This work illustrates how these particular educational leaders provide academic direction and challenge racial neglect and color-blindness within the public school system.     

澳洲土著的原始信仰与社会结构

澳洲土著尚处于中石器时代发展阶段,过着打猎群居的半游牧生活;澳洲土著最重要的宗教形式是图腾崇拜,由此演化出一整套严格的食物禁律和图腾仪式;婚级制的盛行说明以性为基础的社会组织是澳洲土著社会结构的基本特征,在以性为基础的社会组织中,婚级制、图腾禁忌、入族仪式等具有特定的社会组织功能.     

Survival and integration: Kachin social networks and refugee management regimes in Kuala Lumpur and Los Angeles

How do refugees establish social networks and mobilise social capital in different contexts throughout a multi-stage migration process? Migrant social network literature explains how migrants accumulate social capital and mobilise resources in and between origin and destination but provides limited answers regarding how these processes unfold during refugee migrations involving protracted stays in intermediate locations and direct interaction with state agents. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork with Kachin refugees in Kuala Lumpur and Los Angeles, I address these gaps by comparing refugee social networks in two sites of a migration process. Distinguishing between networks of survival and networks of integration, I argue that differences in their form and functions stem from their interactions with local refugee management regimes, which are shaped by broader state regulatory contexts. In both locations, these networks and regimes feed off each other to manage the refugee migration process, with key roles played by hybrid institutions rooted in grassroots adaptation efforts yet linked to formal resettlement mechanisms. Considering the refugee migration process as a whole, I show that Kachin refugees demonstrate their possession of social capital gained during the informal social process of migration to advance through institutionalised political processes of resettlement in each context.     

回族禁忌的社会功能探析

“禁忌”是回族风俗习惯的一种。长期以来回族对禁忌习俗的保留 ,充分体现了回族强烈的民族意识与共同的民族情感。本文从回族的饮食和社会行为两方面的禁忌探讨了其社会功能。     

Pushed to Africa: emigration and social change in China

This essay explores the dynamics of recent labour migration from China to Africa through the prism of migrant narratives. Drawing on field research in Ethiopia and China the author links migrants’ motives for, and experiences of, migration to social transformation in China: most notably a shift away from the flurry of optimism and idealism to a mood of careful conformism fuelled by a prevailing yearning for a sense of security and a fear of ‘missing out’ in a competition for resources. Migrants expressed being ‘pushed’ to Africa. Their attitudes stand in relief to the dreams about ‘making it’ that have propelled many Chinese to the West. By examining how these migrants imagine time and space, displacement and emplacement, the author sheds light on the distinct characteristics of Chinese migration to Africa, as well as on the relationship between emigration and social change.     

Navigating the migration industry: migrants moving through an African-European web of facilitation/control

ABSTRACT

This paper approaches the African-European migration industry as a complex web of relations in which different actors liaise, objectives oppose each other, and roles overlap. Starting from this notion, the question emerges: How do migrants navigate this fuzzy web of migration facilitation/control? To answer this question, this paper uses a ‘trajectory ethnography’ that follows the im/mobility processes of migrants from West – and Central Africa to, and inside, Europe. In so doing, it particularly focuses on two practices that are related to the concept of social navigation. First, it concerns débrouillardise, a term that points to the power of improvisation, creativity and hustling. Second, it regards social negotiation, a term referring to the process of how migrants ‘massage’ their relations with important actors in the field. The findings stress the relational dimension of the migration industry in the sense that the functioning of one actor depends so much on the intentions and efforts of others. I conclude that we could enhance our knowledge on migration industries with studies that constantly shift between the perspective of the migrant, the social network, the facilitator and controller. Such a dynamic approach unpacks further the multiple efforts that produce migrant im/mobility.     

Crossing borders in initial teacher education: mapping dispositions to diversity and inequity

In this article, we share a study focused on engaging teacher candidates with multiple forms of diversity and inequity to study emerging patterns of dispositions. Our primary concern is in understanding the processes through which societal inequity becomes reconstituted through teacher education. Our study attempts to deepen discourses of ‘equality’ and ‘equity’ in education, to consider the ways teacher candidates relate to broader systems of power and global and local inequities through their role as educators. Inspired by both decolonial and Western critical theories, we frame this as research that seeks ‘otherwise’ as we invite teacher candidates to ‘cross borders’ to what is ‘other’ to themselves. In this article, we share our study’s priorities, methods, methodological/theoretical framework, data analysis and findings. Our findings identify a significant gap between the priorities of social equity to which teacher candidates state they commit and the educational practices that would affirm those commitments.     

Black men teaching: toward a theory of social isolation in organizations

ABSTRACT

While there continues to be increasing research about Black male teachers’ school-based experiences, there is less empirical evidence on the variation in these experiences for this subgroup. Drawing on Kanter’s Theory of Numbers and Group Composition, the researcher used the qualitative method to compare the perceptions of Black male teachers in schools that employ just one Black male teacher versus schools with larger numbers of Black male teachers. A theory of social isolation in organizations is proposed to explain differences in the variation of school-based experiences for Black male teachers. When compared to Black men in schools with larger percentages of Black male teachers on the faculty, those Black men who were the only Black male teachers on their faculty were more likely to describe feeling socially isolated and disconnected from their colleagues.     

民族关系研究中的内隐偏见调查综述

不同民族之间往往存在偏见,其中内隐偏见是一个民族无意识中自动对另一个民族产生的片面乃至错误的看法和态度。心理学角度的启动技术、内隐联想测验、反应/不反应联想测验等三种内隐范式的研究都发现了民族内隐偏见现象。我们对已有研究进行了分析,发现民族、宗教间的接触时间,社会主流观点,政府政策等都是内隐偏见的影响因素。由于偏见会影响民族间的交往、情绪识别以及攻击性评价,因此我们提出,通过加强民族间的友好交往、抑制刻板印象、调整个体动机、改变环境、加强积极的教育和媒体宣传、增加控制加工等方法来减小民族内隐偏见及其影响。最后,我们提出了民族内隐偏见的形成、影响及调节模型,以更好地解释偏见、行为与调节策略之间的关系。     

The significance of the racial contract in teachers’ college expectancies for students of color

ABSTRACT

Drawing on the theories of the racial contract and whiteness as property, this one-year qualitative case study explored the ways in which 27 classroom teachers harnessed school structure and classroom curriculum to support the college readiness of students of color in two California school districts. The study discovered that these teacher participants displayed different degrees of race consciousness, prompting contradictory expectancy practices. Negative expectations often reinforced ideologies and material conditions associated with the racial contract and, in effect, perpetuated whiteness as the racial construct of college-going abilities. Conversely, those teachers who operated with a higher degree of race consciousness reported more equitable teaching practices that emphasized self-respect, solidarity, and education as a collective contract for the common good. The study draws conclusions that impact educational policies, particularly those that identify college readiness as the benchmark of equity and high-school success.     

民族地区乡村旅游开发村寨居民交际和社会认知能力研究

在少数民族村寨旅游开发中,社区居民是乡村旅游开发的参与主体,由于经济、文化等诸多条件的限制,社区居民参与乡村旅游开发的程度不同,不仅造成居民在经济上产生分化,而且导致居民交际能力和社会认知能力分化加剧。本文通过对广西已开发乡村旅游的少数民族村寨居民的交际能力和社会认知进行比较分析,结果显示:创办了乡村旅游经济实体的业主是当地的优势群体,与一般居民有明显的特征分化,居民交际能力和社会认知能力的差异主要由居民是否创办乡村旅游经营实体和受教育程度等原因造成的。     

试论国家认同与边疆民族地区农村社会保障

国民对国家的认同是保证国家生存和应有地位的重要条件.面对全球化、现代化的挑战,国家认同日渐成为备受关注的学术话语和重要的实践课题.边疆民族地区是国家战略安全的前沿要地,同时,又处于国家认同的“边缘地带”.完善的社会保障是强化国家认同的基础性制度,是搭建个人对于国家归属与忠诚感的桥梁.     

Multiple belongings: transnational mobility,social class,and gendered identities among Polish migrants in Norway

ABSTRACT

Using ethnographic research in Norway and in Poland, this article focuses on the dynamics of multiple belongings of Polish migrants. It explores their experiences of belonging in relation to social class, gendered identities, and their different strategies of transnational mobility between Poland and Norway. By approaching belonging ‘from below’, we posit that it is a dynamic, processual, and socially and culturally constructed attachment to places, times, and communities, which includes experiential, practical, and affective dimensions. Considering the importance of questions of belonging and home-making in migrants’ lives, always contextually produced and read through performative reiterations, we focus on migrants’ daily routines and migratory practices, and argue that belonging is a multifaceted process, which takes on diverse forms and meanings of ‘who’ belongs to ‘what’, ‘where’ and ‘when’. Following intersectional perspective, the article aims at problematizing dependencies between mobility, gender, class, and migrants’ multiple belongings, and thereby, enhancing the understanding of the notion of belonging and its embeddedness in the inter-related social, cultural, economic, and political realms.     

Not at Home in the Empire

ABSTRACT

The distaste for the work of a colonial official, so clearly expressed in George Orwell's 'Shooting an Elephant', is often seen as reflecting a straightforward liberal commitment to freedom. This interpretation misrepresents both Orwell's standpoint and the character of liberal political reason. As a doctrine of government, liberalism is indeed committed to ruling over, and as far as possible to ruling through, the activities of free individuals. But it has also taken the view that substantial portions of humanity consist of individuals who are not -- or not yet -- capable of acting in a suitably autonomous fashion. This view results in a division of the world into settings in which individuals can normally be trusted to conduct themselves as autonomous rational agents and other settings in which they cannot be trusted to behave in this fashion. Examination of the consequences of this view for the practice of colonial government suggests a different interpretation of Orwell's account: it reflects a cultivated liberal's distaste, on the one hand, for working with and living among people he clearly regarded as inferior and, on the other, for the dirty work of paternalistic rule. A short concluding section considers the post-colonial liberal condition.     

西部民族地区发展中的政府意志与社会变迁悖论

本文认为在西部民族地区的发展进程中,中央政府的国家意志是决定因素之一,也是认识西部民族地区经济发展过程的基本逻辑起点。同时中央政府的国家意志与西部民族地区社会制度的变迁存在必然的矛盾关系是我们理解西部民族地区经济发展过程的主要线索。西部民族地区现代化实际上是一个传统社会逐渐解体、农牧民阶级逐渐消逝的过程。那么,作为传统社会主体的西部民族地区农牧民,在完成这种消灭自身的痛苦的转变过程中表现出特有的生存理性,这是许多从事现代化研究的学者们一度忽略或者不愿涉及的问题。