婚姻暴力的社会工作伦理议题

随着婚姻暴力发生频率的上升，越来越多的社会工作专业人员和机构开始介入婚姻暴力事件。暴力不仅损害了女性的生命健康和人格尊严，破坏了家庭的安定和谐，而且对社会也具有较大的破坏力。由于引发婚姻暴力问题的隐蔽性和复杂性，社会工作专业人员在介入时，可能面临着各种伦理难题，专业人员要仔细考量各种选择的利弊并做出正确的价值判断。     

婚姻暴力的社会工作伦理议题

随着婚姻暴力发生频率的上升,越来越多的社会工作专业人员和机构开始介入婚姻暴力事件。暴力不仅损害了女性的生命健康和人格尊严,破坏了家庭的安定和谐,而且对社会也具有较大的破坏力。由于引发婚姻暴力问题的隐蔽性和复杂性,社会工作专业人员在介入时,可能面临着各种伦理难题,专业人员要仔细考量各种选择的利弊并做出正确的价值判断。     

夫妻相对资源和情感关系对农民工婚姻暴力的影响——基于性别视角的分析

随着中国城市化进程的加快，农民工夫妻间经济权力结构和情感关系的变化将对婚姻暴力产生深远影响。本文引入性别视角，提出了解释农民工夫妻间婚姻暴力的综合分析框架，通过量化方法，分析夫妻相对资源和情感关系对农民工实施冷暴力和肢体暴力的影响及其性别差异。研究发现,农民工家庭中婚姻暴力现象较普遍，以冷暴力为主，女性施暴率显著高于男性；夫妻相对资源因素和情感关系因素对男性和女性实施婚姻暴力都有显著影响，相对资源因素对男性实施婚姻暴力的影响大于女性，夫妻情感关系对女性实施婚姻暴力的影响大于男性。     

日本婚姻暴力的现状及对策

婚姻暴力是指发生在已婚夫妻、同居男女、已离婚或分居的男女、关系等同于夫妻的男女之间的暴力行为。婚姻暴力在日本曾长期被作为家庭私事来思考和处理。20世纪80、90年代以来,日本婚姻暴力逐渐从潜在化走向明显化,并受到社会各界的广泛关注。进入21世纪后,中央和地方政府更是把消除婚姻暴力作为一项重要工作,出台了相关法律、政策,采取了一些具体措施,在全社会建立起了一个预防、干预和消除婚姻暴力的安全网络。     

构建和谐家庭反对婚姻暴力

关注婚姻暴力程度在一定意义上成为一个国家文明程度的象征。大量调查证实,私人生活中对妇女暴力的比例高于男性,针对妇女的暴力已突破国家、种族、年龄、文化、社会与经济位阶之局限。每年有成千上万的妇女和儿童因家庭暴力离开家庭。婚姻暴力受害者多为女性是世界各国普遍存在的问题,亦是妇女人权质量难以得到保障的重要原因。本文从婚姻暴力的界定出发,在分析婚姻暴力的特点及原因的基础上,给出了相应的法律对策。     

预防与抑制：社会资本在婚姻——暴力中的影响机制初探

本文使用一项大规模抽样调查数据,分析了女性的社会资本对婚姻暴力的影响及其机制。研究使用网络规模、网络结构和网络资源衡量社会资本的不同方面,结果发现,网络规模和网络结构对婚姻暴力的发生具有预防作用,网络资源没有预防作用;网络结构对婚姻暴力的严重程度没有明显影响,网络规模和网络资源对婚姻暴力升级有抑制作用,但存在明显的城乡差异。本文对这些结果作了一些理论性探讨。     

婚姻暴力的概念和现状

在修改婚姻法的进程中 ,家庭暴力成为热门话题 ,而主要的关注点又集中在婚姻暴力方面。但研究中发现一些妇女工作者和妇女问题研究者对暴力的概念及其现状的描述存在较大的差异 ,其中相当一部分调查结果或传媒的报道缺乏可靠性甚至对公众舆论和婚姻立法起误导作用 ,因此 ,有必要对此进行学术拨正。婚姻暴力的概念在对婚姻暴力进行分析时 ,首先应对婚姻暴力的概念作出科学的界定。女性主义者大多认同一种较宽泛的描述 ,即把凡是伤害妇女或使她们处于屈从地位的行为甚至不作为 ,都看成是对妇女的暴力 ,如女性的贫困、营养不良、不能平等地享有…     

危机介入凸显社工作用

【危机介入模式】 危机介入模式是一种具体的社会工作方法。危机是指一个人的正常生活受到意外事件的破坏而产生的身心混乱状态。危机介入模式是针对服务对象的危急状态而开展的调试和治疗的工作方法。     

社会工作介入婚外同居暴力的伦理议题

随着经济的快速发展和多元化文化的渗透,中国人的道德观、价值观、婚姻观都发生了转变,传统婚姻"从一而终"观念被颠覆,婚外同居的现象开始蔓延。婚外同居双方的矛盾纠纷,尤其是同居期间的暴力问题开始进入社会工作专业机构和专业人员的视野,并日渐受到重视。由于婚外同居暴力问题的敏感性和复杂性,社会工作专业人员在介入时可能面临着多重价值观的冲突,需要权衡利弊再做出相对正确的伦理决定。本文试图通过案例分析的形式,探讨社会工作在介入时可能面临的伦理困境,根据对不同文化和价值观的整合,提出伦理决定过程中社会工作者应当遵循的伦理原则。     

亲密关系暴力:男性与女性谁更具攻击性

亲密关系暴力是指现在或曾经处于亲密关系下(如婚姻关系、约会关系、同居关系等)的异性伴侣之间各种形式的身体、心理、性方面的暴力伤害行为。关于亲密关系暴力问题的社会学研究,是对以往的婚姻暴力、约会暴力研究领域的整合与拓展。尽管有的研究者认为应该把同性伴侣暴力也包括进去,但一般情况下亲密关系暴力主要是指异性伴侣攻击。在亲密关系暴力中,究竟是男性更具攻击性,还是女性与男性一样具有攻击性,抑或是女性比男性的攻击性更强?自20世纪70年代后期国外学界开始对婚姻暴力问题展开系统的研究至今,     

Possibilities for Intervention in Domestic Violence: Frame Analysis of Health Care Professionals’ Attitudes

ABSTRACT. Violence is a serious problem, and social and health care providers are in a key position for implementing successful interventions. This qualitative study of 6 focus groups with professionals (n = 30) examines the health care professionals’ ways of framing a domestic violence intervention. Of special interest here is how professionals see their own roles in the process of recognizing and helping victims of domestic violence. By using Erving Goffman's frame analysis, this study identifies several frames that either: a) emphasize the obstacles to intervention and justify nonintervention, or on the contrary, b) question these obstacles and find justifications for intervention. The possibilities for intervention are further explored by analyzing the ways in which the dynamics between the different frames allow redefinition of domestic violence interventions. Despite the challenges involved in a domestic violence intervention, there seems to be potential for change in personal attitudes and reform of professional practices. The research findings underline the role of social and health care professionals as members of a larger chain of service providers working collaboratively against domestic violence. Implications for practice and directions in policy and future research are suggested.     

Domestic violence and child abuse: developing social work practice

This paper takes as its starting point the report produced by the Social Services Inspectorate (1995), entitled Domestic Violence and Social Care , which seeks to alert social workers to the links between domestic violence and child abuse and urges the profession to respond more effectively to these two interconnected forms of violence. Having examined the research findings which provide evidence for these links, the theoretical and service delivery contexts in which these two forms of violence have been studied and conceptualized by the social work profession, both in the United Kingdom and in the United States, are identified. Studies of the social work response to domestic violence are discussed and some of the difficulties experienced by social workers in responding effectively to the needs of families where both forms of violence are experienced are considered. In particular, the issues of 'invisible' men and 'trapped' women and children are explored. It is argued that effective social work intervention which challenges these stereotypes will require additional resources and the article concludes with a consideration of whether the Messages from Research report might herald a shift in the approach to child protection that would promote the allocation of resources to this area of work.     

The Life Trajectories of Young People at Different Stages of Education

Statistics on crime and violence in Russia show that there is a crisis in the moral order and a significant deficit in self-control in Russian culture and society, which has been termed a state of moral degradation. This situation needs to be urgently changed through legal and other forms of social control, aimed in particular at young Russians.     

Attitudes of Israeli Arab Social Workers Concerning Woman Battering

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between attitudes towards intimate violence, knowledge about causality and preferred societal reaction to the phenomena among Israeli Arab social workers. One hundred thirty (130) Arab Israeli social workers were drawn randomly from the National Social Work registry and completed the “Attitudes of professionals towards intimate violence” questionnaire. SSA (Smallest Space Analysis) was performed. Findings show that most Arab Israeli social workers viewed the men as responsible for woman battering. The correlational structure of both attributed causality and perceived societal response to woman battering displays a continuum: at one end, causes of violence are attributed to men, while at the other end we find, in smaller proportion, items which tend to blame the woman. Those who blame men tend to favor a punitive response and those who blame the women or both spouses tend to see intimate violence as a private matter, which requires no intervention. Double axial partition of the SSA map confirmed our hypothesis. Implications for social work with minority groups are suggested.     

Professional Perceptions of Intervention with Families in a Crisis Context

The family institution is a key aspect of the welfare regimes of southern Europe, a crisis-affected situation in which social workers play an important role. This paper analyzes the statements of social workers regarding professional intervention and the families with whom they work within the Spanish context, which involves a strong economic crisis and the reduction of public policies. A relational and qualitative study was conducted of 15 professional perceptions of cutbacks, family demands, the profiles of the user families, and the privatization of social services. In addition, proposals for improvement and challenges are analyzed. The main results involve the relationships among dwindling resources, increasing family demands and family dependence on the system, the disadvantages of privatization, excessive bureaucratization, and adverse labor conditions. The main conclusions include the inadequacy of public policies to meet the needs of at-risk families in a crisis context. About future, the research on professional decision making and professional intervention models will be studied in greater depth.     

灾害危机管理中的社会工作研究——以中国自然灾害危机管理为例

灾害是人类社会发展面临的最大威胁。自然灾害是灾害中最常见并且对人类生存和发展造成极大破坏的灾害形式,中国四川汶川恃大地震的发生反映了灾害危机管理的重要性。作为自然灾害频发的发展中国家,加强灾害危机管理应当成为政府工作的重要任务。灾害社会工作以其专业特质,有助于提高综合减灾能力和风险管理水平,能够在预防灾害、处置危机与灾后重建中发挥积极作用,成为在灾害危机管理中的重要角色。文章立足灾害危机管理预防——救援——重建的工作机制,结合社会工作介入四川地震灾后重建的经验,探析灾害社会工作的研究视阈以及介入灾害危机管理的作用、基本路径和方法,赋予灾害社会工作以学科意义,努力推进灾害社会工作研究,提高灾害危机管理的质量。     

改革深水区个体极端暴力事件应对与社会治理创新

中国改革进入深水区后个体极端暴力事件呈高发态势,暴露出的是政府与社会关系长期疏离致使社会进入转型期后一些社会个体境遇问题愈益突出和复杂,而基于传统管制思维的公共危机管理应对乏力。治本之策是立足“以人为本”,从国家治理体系和政府治理能力现代化层面推动创新社会管理向创新社会治理转变,构建善治意义上的治理服务型政府,通过改进社会治理方式解决公共安全问题,为民造福。     

Bias in Social Work Intervention with Battered Women

A total of 149 social workers from 21 social service agencies responded to questions regarding a client after reading one of six possible case vignettes. The results indicate that social workers stereotype clients who have been battered. In addition, social workers are less likely to consider relocation as an option to protect the victim who is married to her attacker. Also, surprisingly, male-social workers focus on violence related concerns as targets for intervention more than do female social workers.     

THE INTERFACE OF SOCIAL WORKERS WITH PERSONAL NETWORKS

This paper briefly examines the history of personal networks in social work. It also clarifies the nature, purposes, and functions of networks. Social network intervention is assessed, and the author questions that approach baed upon the factors of size, brevity, and utilization in crisis intervention. A more flexible alternative, referred to as personal networking, is considered. Based upon approaches similiar to social workers, it follows stages of identification, network analysis or mapping, and linking. It encourages more active intervention with personal networks than espoused by Collins and Pancoast (1976), but in a less controlling manner than the social network interventionists.