高管团队心理契约、集体创新与团队绩效关系的实证研究

通过对212位高管团队成员的实地访谈和有效问卷,揭示了高管团队心理契约、集体创新和团队绩效之间的关系.研究结果表明,高管团队心理契约与集体创新、团队绩效均具有显著正相关关系;高管团队心理契约对团队绩效的影响是通过集体创新这一中介变量表现出来的.集体创新在高管团队交易型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起部分中介作用,在关系型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起完全中介作用.     

组织心理契约违背对管理者行为的影响

为了研究组织心理契约违背与管理者行为之间的关系,对512位组织管理者进行定量研究和结构方差验证,结论如下:1.组织对管理者的心理契约由三维结构构成,分别是交易型心理契约、关系型心理契约和管理型心理契约,其中管理型心理契约是组织与一般员工之间所不具备的心理契约形式,体现了组织与管理者之间的一种特异关系;2.组织的管理型心理契约违背导致管理者退出和忽略行为增加,组织忠诚和呼吁行为减少;组织的交易型心理契约违背导致管理者退出行为增加和呼吁行为减少;组织的关系型心理契约违背导致管理者忽略行为减少.3.管理型心理契约和交易型心理契约是管理者更加关注的两种心理契约形式,而对关系型心理契约的关注则相对较少.     

团队心理授权、组织公民行为与团队绩效的关系

本文旨在探讨团队心理授权对团队绩效产生影响的作用机制,即团队心理授权是否会通过团队水平组织公民行为的中介作用对团队绩效产生影响.采用多元回归和结构方程建模分析了团队心理授权、团队水平组织公民行为以及团队绩效之间的关系,研究样本自于32家企业的156个工作团队的568名员工.结果表明:团队心理授权对团队水平组织公民行为、团队绩效有正向影响;团队水平组织公民行为在团队心理授权与团队主动性之间具有完全中介作用,在团队心理授权与团队工作绩效之间具有部分中介作用.     

基于动态心理契约的建设项目团队成员激励机制

建设项目团队成员在整个项目建设过程中心理契约是动态变化的,把建设项目以里程碑进行划分,运用期望效用和动态规划的方法建立模型,进一步分析,结果表明:在第一个和最后一个里程碑内加大惩罚力度和监督频率,心理契约区分点也越明显;投资占产出比例减小时,成员所获得奖励增加;团队成员在自然状态好的条件下完不成的目标绩效越高,奖励也越高;团队成员在自然状态差的条件下能完成目标绩效越低,奖励也越高。并通过案例验证了该种激励机制的有效性。     

组织心理契约违背对管理者行为的影响：满意度为中介变量

对512位组织管理者进行问卷调查,运用结构方程建模进行数据验证发现：组织心理契约违背存在交易型、关系型和管理型心理契约违背三种形式。管理者的组织满意度对组织心理契约违背与管理者EVLN行为之间的关系起到中介作用。组织交易型心理契约违背完全通过管理者组织满意度的降低导致管理者退出行为的增加,呼吁行为、忽略行为和组织忠诚的降低;组织管理型心理契约违背既直接导致管理者退出和忽略行为的增加、组织忠诚和呼吁行为的降低,又通过管理者组织满意度的降低产生间接作用;组织关系型心理契约违背不对管理者的EVLN行为产生显著影响。     

研发团队社会资本对创新绩效作用路径——心理安全和学习行为整合视角

一方面,研发团队作为企业创新活动的基本单位,对提升企业创新能力起着关键作用;另一方面,如何有效管理研发团队以促进创新,在现实中又面临严峻挑战.基于团队心理安全和学习行为整合视角,以151个研发团队585个研发成员为样本,实证研究研发团队社会资本对创新绩效的作用路径.研究结果表明:研发团队3维社会资本(结构、认知和关系)对创新绩效均具有显著的积极影响,团队学习行为部分中介团队心理安全与创新绩效的关系;团队心理安全部分中介团队社会资本与学习行为的关系;团队心理安全和学习行为分别部分中介团队结构资本、认知资本与创新绩效的关系,完全中介团队关系资本与创新绩效的关系.     

员工心理资本与工作绩效的关系研究——领导成员交换的中介作用

本文在员工心理资本与员工工作绩效关系的基础上,构建了领导成员交换的中介模型,并用实证的方法给予检验。对206份问卷的分析结果表明,员工心理资本与员工工作绩效正相关,领导成员交换与员工的工作绩效正相关,领导成员交换在员工心理资本与员工工作绩效之间起到部分中介作用。     

多团队合作背景下边界管理者的双重心理契约影响机制分析

边界管理者是保障多团队系统协调高效运行的重要因素。基于边界管理者多团队系统成员和子团队领导者的双重角色,其双重心理契约通过不同的途径对多团队系统绩效产生直接或间接影响。为发挥边界管理者双重心理契约的积极价值,需要加强心理契约的合理设计与动态管理,完善交易、关系和团队成员(管理者)心理契约,注重心理契约的动态维护与巩固,增强边界管理者心理契约的带动效应,提升多团队系统整体工作满意度和组织承诺,提高合作绩效。     

高绩效工作系统、员工需求与反生产行为关系研究

为明确高绩效工作系统对反生产行为的作用机制,基于劳动关系理论构建一个有调节的中介模型,通过对237份问卷进行层次回归分析,结果发现:高绩效工作系统对员工的反生产行为有显著负向影响;员工需求在高绩效工作系统与组织指向的反生产行为之间起部分中介作用;员工需求在高绩效工作系统与人际指向的反生产行为之间起完全中介作用;心理契约破裂负向调节员工需求与反生产行为的关系,并在整个模型中起调节作用。     

心理契约对农民工工作绩效影响的实证研究

在正式劳动契约缺失或不完善的现实背景下,基于期望理论和社会交换理论,研究了农民工对雇主责任的履行与过往不履行责任的感知对其工作绩效的影响,同时探讨了期望匹配度的中介作用。研究结果表明,历史心理契约破坏对农民工的心理契约履行具有显著的负相关作用,历史心理契约破坏和心理契约履行均对期望匹配度具有显著的影响,期望匹配度还在心理契约履行与工作绩效的关系之间起着完全中介作用。最后,针对研究假设检验结果的启示和意义进行了探讨。     

心理需要的满足与工作满意度:哪一个能够更好地预测工作绩效?

以自我决定理论为理论基础,通过对112名员工与其相应主管进行问卷调研,验证了:(1)工作满意度与工作绩效之间存在中低度相关;(2)基本心理需要对工作绩效各维度具有显著影响;(3)基本心理需要的满足对工作绩效的预测效果较工作满意度更好。进而发现心理需要满足的中介作用,揭示工作满意度通过心理需要满足对工作绩效产生影响这一作用机制,并对所得结果的管理实践意义进行了探讨。     

Transformational leadership,job satisfaction,and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust

In spite of calls for deliberate differentiation between individual and team levels of analysis, leadership research based on well-grounded theory referring to multiple levels is scarce. We seek to fill this gap by analyzing the relations between transformational leadership, trust in supervisor and team, job satisfaction, and team performance via multilevel analysis. Results are based on a sample of 360 employees from 39 academic teams. Transformational leadership was positively related to followers' job satisfaction at individual as well as team levels of analysis and to objective team performance. The relation between individual perceptions of supervisors' transformational leadership and job satisfaction was mediated by trust in the supervisor as well as trust in the team. Yet, trust in the team did not mediate the relationship between team perceptions of supervisors' transformational leadership and team performance. Implications for theory and research of leadership at multiple levels as well as for practice are discussed.     

Job insecurity in temporary versus permanent workers: Associations with attitudes, well-being, and behaviour

Recent research suggests that the relationship between job insecurity and psychological outcomes is more negative among permanent compared with temporary workers. We investigate possible interaction effects between job insecurity and type of contract (temporary versus permanent) for various psychological outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance), some of which have received little attention. We aim to explain these interaction effects, while taking into account the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers in terms of tenure, employment prospects, and wish to do temporary employment. We argue that permanent workers expect higher levels of job security; job insecurity breaches permanent workers' but not temporary workers' expectations. This may relate to unfavourable outcomes. Similarly, the heterogeneous nature of temporary workers may relate to job security expectations and thus to reactions to job insecurity. This study was conducted on a sample of 477 temporary and permanent workers from various occupational sectors in Belgium. The results suggested that the interaction effect between job insecurity and contract type may be limited to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Furthermore, permanent workers had higher expectations about job security. Breach of these expectations furthermore mediated the relationship between job insecurity and all outcomes, except for self-rated performance. However, the heterogeneity indicators were found to be unrelated to job security expectations.     

Job insecurity and work outcomes: The role of psychological contract breach and positive psychological capital

Job insecurity has received growing attention from researchers because it poses serious challenges for organisations and for society as a whole. However, there are insufficient studies about the processes through which job insecurity affects outcomes as well as potential ways to reduce its negative impact. This study focuses on the relationship between job insecurity and individual-level outcomes (in-role performance and organisational deviance) and examines if (a) job insecurity is positively and/or negatively related to work outcomes, (b) psychological contract breach acts as a mediator of the relationship between job insecurity and work outcomes, and (c) positive psychological capital (PsyCap) buffers the job insecurity–work outcomes relationship via psychological contract breach. With a sample of 362 employee–supervisor dyads, in which the outcome measures were collected from the supervisors, we found support for our hypotheses. Specifically, we found a moderated mediation effect, whereby PsyCap moderates the negative indirect relationship of job insecurity on outcomes through psychological contract breach.     

The Impact of Information System Personnel Skill Discrepancies on Stakeholder Satisfaction

System development efforts depend to a large degree upon how well information systems (IS) managers, IS specialists, and IS users work together in a project team structure. Yet, these individuals frequently work under different perceptions about matters of importance to development, management, and success. This paper introduces a framework for examining IS specialists' skill requirements from a multiple‐stakeholder perspective. Derived from discrepancy theory, the framework concedes that different stakeholders hold a variable set of expectations for IS personnel skill levels as well as a perception of skills held by IS personnel. We examine differences in expectation and performance expressed by each group and describe the impact of the discrepancy on user satisfaction, career satisfaction of IS specialists, and on job performance evaluations by IS managers. Results confirm that a discrepancy between an IS specialist's expectations of skill and their perceived skill self‐proficiency impacts career satisfaction. Similar relations hold for IS managers and users. Since different stakeholders may hold different perceptions, satisfaction of all parties becomes problematic unless a common frame of reference can be determined.     

On the psychological and motivational processes linking job characteristics to employee functioning: Insights from self-determination theory

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the differential relationships between job characteristics (job demands and resources) and employee functioning by examining the psychological and motivational processes involved. Drawing on self-determination theory, we tested a model in which job demands are positively related to negative manifestations of employee functioning (psychological distress and psychosomatic complaints) through psychological need frustration and low-quality work motivation (controlled motivation), whereas job resources are positively related to positive manifestations of employee functioning (work engagement and job performance) through need satisfaction and high-quality work motivation (autonomous motivation). Data were collected from 699 Canadian nurses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) results support the proposed model: psychological needs and work motivation partially mediated the relationship between job characteristics and employee functioning. Specifically, job demands negatively predicted employee functioning (high distress and psychosomatic complaints, low engagement and performance) through need frustration and controlled motivation. In contrast, while positively predicting need satisfaction and negatively predicting need frustration, job resources fostered optimal work motivation (more autonomous and less controlled motivation) and employee functioning. The implications for self-determination theory (SDT) and research on occupational health and stress are discussed.     

Exposure to Psychological Aggression at Work and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Attitudes and Personal Health

Despite the growing literature on workplace aggression and the importance of employee performance at work, few studies have examined the relation between workplace aggression and job performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between psychological aggression at work and two forms of job performance (task performance and contextual performance) and potential mediators of these relations. Based on Conservation of Resources theory and prior research, a model was developed and tested in which overall job attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction and organizational commitment) and overall personal health (i.e., physical and psychological health) fully mediate the relations between exposure to psychological aggression at work and both task performance and contextual performance. Data were obtained from a national probability sample of US workers (N = 2376) and the model was tested using structural equation modelling. The results supported the hypothesized model, demonstrating that exposure to psychological aggression at work negatively predicted both task performance and contextual performance, and that these relations were explained by decrements in job attitudes and health associated with exposure to psychological aggression at work.