环境受损者的利益表达机制研究

环境受损者在利益表达上相比其他弱势群体而言更为自主和积极。但由于当前利益表达机制尚不完善，环境受损者的利益表达没能得到很好的实现；本文试从环境受损者利益表达的特点、重要性、成因入手分析该问题并提出相应对策。     

中国国有商业银行的“改革悖论”

一．问题的提出：国有商业银行存在更为突出的“改革悖论”中国国有商业银行的制度性变革，是继国有工商企业改革之后经济体制改革的重大战略选择。一般来说，国有商业银行与国有工商企业在产权制度、组织管理体系、资源配备方式、员工激励与约束机制、风险控制体制等方面，具有基本的一致性，因而国有工商企业既有的改革经验与教训，对于国有商业银行的改革具有重大的借鉴价值。国有工商企业改革的基本选择路线，从“放权让利”来独立化工商企业自己的利益开始，到国家控股前提下产权结构多元化的改造，再到充分地运用中国的资本市场，运用…     

制度漏洞与“改革悖论”

任何制度转型的过程,都不可避免地存在一定的制度漏洞。中国目前所面临的种种问题,在一定程度上都与制度转型所伴生的制度漏洞有关。制度漏洞导致社会两极分     

提高“中层”的执行力

企业中层管理者的执行力，越来越被高层管理者重视。企业中层的作用，是使高层领导布置的任务和作出的决定得以执行，但在实际决策或执行的过程中，大部分中层管理者都乐于布置任务，降低执行标准，到最后与原意相去甚远。就企业日常运行而言，中层管理者既是执行者，又是领导者。他们的作用若发挥得好，则是领导联系职工的一座桥梁；若发挥得不好，则是横在领导与职工之间的一堵墙。企业领导认可的方案，往往需要中层管理者具有较强的执行能力才能得以贯彻。     

海外中文热与“语言外交”

语言不仅是文明的平台,也是实力的载体。“软中带硬”才是汉语在争夺世界话语权中取得长足进步的根本原因、海外学习中文的热潮,直接的动力是中国硬实力的增长。     

我国债券市场的发展分析——基于我国“融资悖论”角度

从2007年我国公司债正式启动以来,近两年间债券市场反应并不激烈。公司债的融资规模偏小,资本市场重股轻债的现象仍然十分严重。为了我国资本市场良性健康有序的发展,本文从“融资悖论”入手,对我国债券市场的发展现状进行了对比分析,并提出从优化债券市场的环境、加强公司治理等方面进行改善。     

陈鹏福:做中文AI科技的继承与发扬者

中国语言文字蕴含的文化基因源远流长,汉字是世界上结构最复杂,表意却最精简,历史悠久,却从未断代且迄今仍然生机勃勃的文字。仿脑科技(深圳)有限公司以中文算法为基底,推出全球独创的科研成果“飞龙码”,形成了中文Al语义理解标准,打破了英文科技只能依靠搜索和数据库支撑的检索型困局。     

信息技术、劳动力结构与企业生产率——破解“信息技术生产率悖论”之谜

如何利用新一代信息技术提高企业生产率,对于中国经济高质量增长至关重要。本文基于互补理论阐释人力资本结构提升ICT生产率效应的微观机制:高技能劳动力能有效匹配ICT应用带来的生产方式与组织结构变革,而长期雇员则提升了企业对ICT应用导致的生产柔性与分工深化的适应能力,强化ICT生产率效应。进一步地,本文利用世界银行统计的中国120个城市共11999家企业调查数据从微观层面考察ICT对企业生产率的影响,并从人力资本结构角度验证中国企业突破"信息技术生产率悖论"的可行路径。实证研究发现,高技能员工和长期雇佣员工均与ICT形成互补效应,能够显著提升ICT的生产率效应,这一结论在考虑了内生性并经一系列稳健性测试后依然成立。进一步的异质性分析还发现,互补效应在市场化程度更高的地区、程序化任务密度更强以及技术密集型行业呈现显著增强的特征,并且规模越大的企业互补效应越强。本文的研究表明,加强人力资本建设是企业能否更好地依托新兴信息技术实现转型升级的关键。本文研究结论为当前中国进一步优化智能制造转型路径、推动制造业高质量增长提供了政策启示。     

“煤转非”企业的经营管理问题与建议

“煤转非”企业产生的背景及存在的现实意义1.国家政策客观上促进“煤转非”企业产生山西省是我国重要的能源基地,煤炭产业长期以来受到党中央、国务院的高度重视。国家出台的有关煤炭的政策都把山西省作为重中之重予以发展。2007年爆发全球金融危机以来,煤炭产业从“沸点降到冰点”,金融危机的“倒逼”机制迫使煤炭产业休养生息。2009年国家14部委联合出台了《关于深化煤矿整顿关闭工作的指导意见》。2008年底,山西省也提出用三年的时间进行煤炭     

偏股型开放式基金“赎回悖论”的动态特征及申购异象

本文对偏股型开放式基金赎回悖论进行了系统研究,修正了传统的单期静态"赎回悖论",采用超额收益来评价基金业绩,根据月度面板模型分析了业绩对基金赎回的多期、动态影响,实证表明:基金当期业绩存在较强"赎回悖论",但历史业绩并不存在"赎回悖论",基金的历史业绩越好越能促进资金流入,且赎回悖论仅存在于老基金。为了进一步探索"赎回悖论"动态性的根源,作者引入SVAR模型分别分析了申购、赎回对业绩的多期脉冲反应,发现投资者在赎回行为上表现出相当的理性,并不存在处置效应,"赎回悖论"的根源在于投资者申购行为的异常。投资者反向选择策略、投资者对新基金的偏好以及基金市场的快速扩张是造成申购异象的直接原因。     

基于偏好DEA模型的中国纺织业效率评价

基于具有输入输出指标偏好信息的数据包络分析模型评价中国纺织工业的效率,给出了描述规模报酬不变和规模报酬可变假设的DEA模型及其对偶规划的一种形式。模型克服传统DEA模型应用中常见的决策单元权重为零进而高估决策单元效率的不合理现象,有效地测算了中国31个地区纺织工业的经济运行效率,并分析了地区间效率水平差异的原因。利用各决策单元在经验生产前沿面上的投影点,估计了中国纺织工业的随机生产前沿函数,最后用效率弹性线性递减模型分析了销售收入、人均资产、台港澳和外商投资对各地区效率的微观影响关系。     

One Agency's Use of Risk Assessment and Risk Communication1

Few organizations have the courage to evaluate their own use of risk assessment (identifying hazards and estimating their probability and magnitude) and risk communication (interacting with internal and external stakeholder groups about risks). The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) wants to enhance its overall risk analysis process for managing a wide range of risks to animals, plants, and human health. We gathered survey data for a baseline of APHIS professionals’ understanding and use of risk assessment and risk communication. APHIS professionals spend a surprisingly large share of their time communicating about risks. They perceive that risk estimates influence decisions, but that risk estimates should have more influence. Respondents reported little opposition to APHIS risk management decisions, and little use of channels such as USDA Extension Service for disseminating risk messages. Substantial variance across responses is explained mostly by differences in the roles of the 11 work units (now 10) within the agency. Location also contributes to the variance. Demographic variables seem less important.     

基于证据推理的平衡计分卡及其在绩效评估中的应用

运用传统平衡计分卡进行绩效评估时,难以处理各种不确定评价。基于此,文章提出了基于证据推理的平衡计分卡框架,构建了一个具有多种评价集的多级分布式评价模型,依据基于规则的转换技术实现不同识别框架下评价的统一,运用解析算法对多级评价指标上的不确定评价进行有效合成,根据合成结果制定效用准则或最大等级准则进行绩效评估。将基于证据推理的平衡计分卡体系应用于江航公司敏感元件事业部的绩效评估,体现研究的有效性与合理性。     

Historical Relationship Between Performance Assessment for Radioactive Waste Disposal and Other Types of Risk Assessment

This article describes the evolution of the process for assessing the hazards of a geologic disposal system for radioactive waste and, similarly, nuclear power reactors, and the relationship of this process with other assessments of risk, particularly assessments of hazards from manufactured carcinogenic chemicals during use and disposal. This perspective reviews the common history of scientific concepts for risk assessment developed until the 1950s. Computational tools and techniques developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s to analyze the reliability of nuclear weapon delivery systems were adopted in the early 1970s for probabilistic risk assessment of nuclear power reactors, a technology for which behavior was unknown. In turn, these analyses became an important foundation for performance assessment of nuclear waste disposal in the late 1970s. The evaluation of risk to human health and the environment from chemical hazards is built on methods for assessing the dose response of radionuclides in the 1950s. Despite a shared background, however, societal events, often in the form of legislation, have affected the development path for risk assessment for human health, producing dissimilarities between these risk assessments and those for nuclear facilities. An important difference is the regulator's interest in accounting for uncertainty.     

代工模式下的竞争优先权与企业绩效关系研究

根据对江苏省135家中小工业企业的调研,将代工模式下的竞争优先权划分为成本、质量、交货和柔性,企业绩效划分为财务绩效和非财务绩效,利用因子分析探索了竞争优先权与企业绩效之间的相关关系。结果表明,质量、交货和柔性对财务绩效和非财务绩效都有显著的正向影响,其中交货影响最大,但成本对企业绩效没有影响。这为中小工业企业选择竞争要素提供了决策依据。     

Presenting Uncertainty in Health Risk Assessment: Initial Studies of Its Effects on Risk Perception and Trust

Some analysts suggest that discussing uncertainties in health risk assessments might reduce citizens'perceptions of risk and increase their respect for the risk-assessing agency. We tested this assumption with simulated news stories varying simple displays of uncertainty (e.g., a range of risk estimates, with and without graphics). Subjects from Eugene, Oregon, read one story each, and then answered a questionnaire. Three studies tested between 180 and 272 subjects each. Two focus groups obtained more detailed responses to these stories. The results suggested that (1) people are unfamiliar with uncertainty in risk assessments and in science; (2) people may recognize uncertainty when it is presented simply; (3) graphics may help people recognize uncertainty; (4) reactions to the environmental problems in the stories seemed affected less by presentation of uncertainty than by general risk attitudes and perceptions; (5) agency discussion of uncertainty in risk estimates may signal agency honesty and agency incompetence for some people; and (6) people seem to see lower risk estimates (10^-6, as opposed to 10^-3) as less credible. These findings, if confirmed, would have important implications for risk communication.     

Incorporating Ethnographic Methods in Multidisciplinary Approaches to Risk Assessment and Communication: Cultural and Religious Uses of Mercury in Latino and Caribbean Communities

The potential risk from cultural and religious practices involving mercury in Latino and Caribbean communities raises central methodological and ethical questions for risk assessment and risk communication. Here, specific cultural practices unfamiliar to most risk professionals carry significant inherent risks in the eyes of those professionals but not necessarily in the eyes of practitioners. Practitioners' past experience and history as targets of religious suppression and anti-immigrant sentiment create a reluctance to engage with researchers or public health officials in risk assessment or preventive risk communication efforts. The potential for the risk--in this case mercury contamination in dwellings--to extend beyond the practicing community to future occupants adds to public health concern. Understanding the risks of these practices requires both an understanding of the cultural and political context, beliefs, and behaviors of mercury users and an understanding of the fate and transport of mercury in typical use scenarios. In this study, we employed ethnographic methods (interviews and participant observation) to understand beliefs and behavior about mercury use as well as quantitative modeling and measurement to estimate and assess potential exposures. This represents a new methodology tailored to situations in which traditional activities or observances that are integral components of cultural identity pose risks in and of themselves. Our findings indicate that there are different types of mercury use stemming from different cultural and religious traditions that result in different levels of exposure. Many of the mercury uses that can result in the highest exposures to mercury vapors have previously been attributed to the religious tradition of Santeria, but appear instead to have their roots outside of the religion.     

The Role of Performance Assessment in the Regulation of Underground Disposal of Radioactive Wastes: An International Perspective

Much has been written about the development and application of quantitative methods for estimating under uncertainty the long-term radiological performance of underground disposal of radioactive wastes. Until recently, interest has been focused almost entirely on the technical challenges regardless of the role of the organization responsible for these analyses. Now the dialogue between regulators, the repository developer or operator, and other interested parties in the decision-making process receives increasing attention, especially in view of some current difficulties in obtaining approvals to construct or operate deep facilities for intermediate or high-level wastes. Consequently, it is timely to consider the options for regulators' review and evaluation of safety submissions, at the various stages in the site selection to repository closure process, and to consider, especially, the role for performance assessment (PA) within the programs of a regulator both before and after delivery of such a submission. The origins and broad character of present regulations in the European Union (EU) and in the OECD countries are outlined and some regulatory PA reviewed. The issues raised are discussed, especially in regard to the interpretation of regulations, the dangers from the desire for simplicity in argument, the use of regulatory PA to review and challenge the PA in the safety case, and the effects of the relationship between proponent and regulator. Finally, a very limited analysis of the role of PA in public hearings is outlined and recommendations are made, together with proposals for improving the mechanisms for international collaboration on technical issues of regulatory concern.Until August 13, 1997, the author was employed as a Principal Pollution Inspector by the Environment Agency (EA) of England and Wales. Responsible for managing the development and application of the regulatory postclosure assessment capability of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution (HMIP) between 1982 and 1996, when HMIP was merged with the National Rivers Authority and the Waste Regulatory Authorities to form the EA on April 1, 1996. Represented HMIP/EA on a number of international committees related particularly to PA; 20 Bonser Road, Twickenham, Middlesex TW1 4RG, U.K.     

基于非均匀性语言标度和DLWA算子的动态绩效模糊群决策研究

基于企业人力资源管理(HRM)系统中职能管理部门年度绩效考核决策评价和选优序列生成过程中的数据的不确定性、随机性和模糊性,通过设计季度绩效多维度模糊评价体系,采用非均匀加性语言评估标度定性的多维度评价,构建动态加性语言判断矩阵模型,利用DLWA算子等语言信息集成算子,集成多个决策者不同时期绩效指标评价数据,并整合不同决策者的偏好度,综合呈现年度部门业绩选优序列,优化提升职能管理部门绩效考核决策的精确性、公平性和可信度。     

沟通技术和时间因素对虚拟团队过程影响实验研究

以学生为实验对象,进行由48个3人组参与的2×2因子实验,对不同技术条件和团队发展阶段下的虚拟团队进行模拟.通过时实验对象的问卷调查,收集贫瘠和丰富沟通技术条件下虚拟团队在早期阶段和后期阶段的信任水平、冲突水平和绩效水平数据,并以此分析两类沟通技术在虚拟团队发展的不同阶段对团队内冲突和信任水平的影响以及虚拟团队过程中信任的调节作用和绩效的反馈作用.研究结果表明,在虚拟团队发展的早期阶段,丰富度高的沟通技术会引发更多的关系冲突,不利于团队信任的建立,并且在促使成员积极讨论任务方面的优势并不明显;在虚拟团队发展的后期阶段,团队中的信任和冲突水平受到前期绩效的反馈作用和技术变更的影响,早期绩效对后期团队内冲突和信任具有显著的反馈作用,技术变更带来关系冲突水平的增加,而沟通技术在后期阶段将不再是影响团队内信任和冲突的主要因素;信任的调节作用在虚拟情境下得到验证.