基于组织特异性免疫视角的质量绩效提升路径研究——投影寻踪法和强迫进入法的实证分析

本文以组织特异性免疫为切入点,基于组织质量监视、组织质量防御和组织质量记忆视角,选取前因变量、中介变量和调节变量构建质量绩效提升路径的理论分析框架,采用投影寻踪法和强迫进入法对已构建的路径框架进行实证分析,得出提升质量绩效的路径,研究结论将为企业提升质量绩效提供理论依据和实践指导。     

管理层民族多元化对企业绩效的影响研究

在不同因素作用下,民族多元化会对组织绩效产生不同的影响。本文运用回归分析方法,以竞争强度为中介变量,以环境包容性为调节变量,分析管理层民族多元化对企业绩效的影响。分析结果表明,管理层民族多元化通过竞争强度间接影响企业绩效,影响程度取决于环境包容性。在高包容环境中,管理层民族多元化使企业更能有效竞争,进而取得更高的绩效。     

知识权力对技术创新网络治理绩效的影响研究

以中国R&D联盟中的企业为研究对象,将关系质量作为中介变量引入企业知识权力与技术创新网络治理绩效之间,实证研究并分析关系质量在知识权力与网络治理绩效之间的中介作用。研究结果表明,企业间关系质量在知识权力3种类型(专家权、奖赏权与强制权)与网络治理绩效之间具有较强的中介作用,从而证明技术创新网络治理的本质是基于知识权力的网络组织间关系治理。     

组织敏捷性的形成机理模型与实证研究

以动态能力观和流程基础观为研究视角,引入了技术敏捷性的新构念,通过分析其与组织敏捷性、业务流程和企业绩效之间的关系来研究组织敏捷性的形成机理.研究结果表明,技术敏捷性是组织敏捷性的一个重要的前因变量,而组织敏捷性则通过业务流程这个中介变量来影响企业的财务绩效和市场绩效.     

企业协同能力、网络位置与技术创新绩效——基于环渤海地区制造业企业的实证分析

开放式创新背景下,企业在技术创新网络中与外部创新群体的网络关系对创新绩效的影响研究已广受关注。以企业资源观和社会网络理论为基础,利用结构方程和层级回归分析方法,选取网络位置为中介变量、技术能力为调节变量,探究了企业协同能力对技术创新绩效的影响机理。研究结果表明:企业协同能力和网络位置对技术创新绩效有显著正向影响;网络位置的中心度变量在企业协同能力和技术创新绩效间起部分中介作用,结构洞中介作用不显著;技术能力以中心度为中介对企业协同能力和技术创新绩效有正向调节作用。研究结论能够为企业网络式创新提供实践依据。     

组织支持感对高校教师周边绩效的影响——以工作生活质量为中介变量

笔者采用随机整体群抽样方法,对在杭高校的一线高校教师进行调查,探讨高校教师的组织支持感、工作生活质量、周边绩效三者间的关系。结果显示,工作生活质量为完全中介变量,即高校教师组织支持感、周边绩效、工作生活质量三者及各维度间均存在显著相关关系。可以通过提升教师组织支持感来提升其工作生活质量,从而使高校教师达成卓越的周边绩效。     

协同产品开发项目管理系统与产品生命周期管理系统的集成研究

多组织协同产品的研发与开发已经成为现代企业组织产品研发与开发的主要形式,研究多组织协同产品研发与开发的项目管理系统,以及与产品生命周期管理系统的集成技术将极大地推进现代企业产品研发与开发的信息化建设。本文研究了在多组织协同产品开发的项目环境下与产品生命周期管理系统集成的方法,提出了一种以项目和产品作为多重核心的业务数据模型,旨在解决多组织下以项目为核心的异构产品生命周期数据的集成,并以某具体的产品生命周期管理系统为例对实现方法进行了研究和探索。     

供应链管理实施对组织绩效的影响分析

本文将竞争优势作为中介变量,构建了一个供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系的理论模型,并以来自西南和华南等地区的177个企业为实证样本,用结构方程模型对理论模型和研究假设进行实证检验。结果显示,供应链管理实施对竞争优势、组织绩效有显著直接影响,并且通过竞争优势还对组织绩效产生显著的间接影响;竞争优势对于供应链管理实施与组织绩效间关系具有部分中介效应。     

基于并行工程的集成产品团队研究

并行工程在提高产品质量、缩短上市时间方面有着重大的应用价值.并行工程成功实施的关键之一就是建立符合产品特征的产品开发团队,以实现对技术与管理、人员与组织的综合集成.本文就集成产品团队的建设,从集成团队的组成、团队目标和项目运行环境等方面进行了深入的研究,提出了一些切实可行的实施技术.     

CEO变革型领导行为、组织认同与组织惯例更新:集体主义倾向的调节效应

数字化时代,组织惯例更新是企业数字化转型,获取竞争优势的基础,也是组织惯例理论和管理实践关注的焦点。基于社会认同理论,本文以中高层管理者为研究对象,探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的机制和情境。通过统计软件SPSS和AMOS对203份高管团队及中层管理者匹配的数据分析发现：CEO变革型领导行为对中层管理者组织认同和组织惯例更新具有正向影响作用,中层管理者组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新的关系间起到中介作用。中层管理者集体主义倾向不仅调节了组织认同与组织惯例更新之间的关系,还进一步调节了组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新之间关系中的中介效用,即中层管理者集体主义倾向越低,CEO变革型领导行为通过组织认同对组织惯例更新的间接影响作用越强。研究结论有利于深入探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的中介机制和情境,并有效指导企业的组织惯例更新实践。     

Organizational Integration for Product Development: The Effects on Glitches,On‐Time Execution of Engineering Change Orders,and Market Success

Deviations from requirements during the product development process can be considered as glitches. Fixing glitches, or problems, during the product development process consumes valuable resources, which may adversely affect product development time and hamper the firm's goal to pursue a first‐mover advantage. It is posited that an integrated organizational response can diminish incidences of glitches and improve the ability of the firm to respond to engineering changes, subsequently leading to improved market success. This organizational response frequently includes heavyweight product development managers who are seen as essential catalysts for internal integration. Though internal integration is vital, it is equally important to integrate with customers and suppliers alike because such network partners can provide access to information, knowledge, and unique and complementary resources that are otherwise unavailable to the firm. Findings, which are based on a sample of 191 product development projects in the automotive industry, suggest that some integration routines have a positive impact on product development outcomes and market success, while other routines can in fact hamper the collective effort.     

Visualizing the factory through meta- manufacturing processes

Milestone or deadline driven production management is predominant in most manufacturing companies. Problems and other disturbing occurrences tend to see their first daylight during phases where plans are implemented into reality, for example, when production commences, prototypes enter manufacturing and deliveries are expected. Conventional control routines fail to depict the true progress and procedures of the company on an on-line basis, which means that instead of being proactive they serve as means to react to already existing problems. This paper studies the application of advanced visualization techniques to the already existing information embedded in a comany's information infrastructure, and how it can help management to anticipate probable near future pitfalls. By studying those daily operations of a company which share a document relationship with the true manufacturing process, that is, the meta-manufacturing processes, a completely new perspective on the company's value-adding activities is drawn. By mining the existing data reservoirs of a company traditionally difficult management processes, such as product development, vendor integration, production planning, can be analysed and the problems identified in a novel way to react in advance. The paper displays several empirical examples from bulk to one-of-a-kind production where the method has been successfully implemented.     

MANAGING PRODUCT RETURNS FOR REMANUFACTURING

Firms are often encouraged to offer environmentally friendly products as a demonstration of corporate citizenship. However, this may prove to be an unrealistic expectation since a rational firm will only engage in profitable ventures; those that increase shareholder wealth. We develop a framework for analyzing the profitability of reuse activities and show how the management of product returns influences operational requirements. We show that the acquisition of used products may be used as the control lever for the management and profitability of reuse activities. These activities, termed product acquisition management, affect several important business decisions. First, if a firm is to pursue reuse activities, these reuse activities must be value‐creating. Second, if a firm is to compete by offering remanufactured products, then we show how product returns management influences the overall profitability of such activities via a trial and error EVA approach. Third, we show how operational issues are strongly affected by the approach used to manage product returns. There is a need for future research specifying the mathematical relationship between acquisition price and the nominal quality of the returned product.     

组织惯例概念界定及其结构模型：基于扎根理论的研究

近年来，得益于组织惯例的再定义和惯例二维观的提出，组织惯例在组织任务完成以及组织创新和发展中的根本性作用已经得到广泛的认同，相关研究随之呈现繁荣景象。但组织惯例所代表的集体行为模式由哪些方面构成或组织惯例的具体内容是什么，尚未得以揭示，使整个研究领域呈现出根基不稳的状态。 在梳理有关组织惯例的基本概念及其二维构成理论的基础上，选择天地华宇定日达惯例、宏康针织订单完成惯例和上海移动投诉处理惯例作为研究对象，通过访谈、观察和文档资料等方式获取相关数据，采用扎根理论方法，按照开放性编码、主轴编码和选择性编码的路径，对组织惯例的概念进行有效界定，析出各维度之间的相互关系，并构建组织惯例结构模型。 研究具体化组织惯例概念的构成，得出组织惯例由显性规范、共享基模、共倾行动、专业能力和执行异动5个维度构成；构建组织惯例概念模型，验证组织惯例由启示面和执行面构成以及两者之间的互动关系，即代表执行面的执行异动和代表启示面的其他4个维度之间存在互动关系；代表组织惯例基本原则和思想的启示面除了已有研究提出的集体层面的共享基模和共倾行动，还包括组织层面的显性规范以及个体层面的专业能力，且4个维度之间相互依存。 研究旨在具体化组织惯例的概念，深化组织惯例二维观理论，为该领域的深入研究创建基础，改变该领域当前对组织惯例概念的理解仅停留在单一、抽象层面的局面，并指导组织实践者深入理解组织惯例的内涵和意义。受扎根理论编码过程主观性的限制，有必要对调研资料进行反复比较和编码对比，进一步完善和检验所构建的概念模型。     

The Effect of Socialization Mechanisms and Performance Measurement on Supplier Integration in New Product Development

This article examines the effect of socialization mechanisms and supplier performance measurement on the level of supplier integration in new product development and subsequent firm performance outcomes. Prior research has found socialization mechanisms and performance measures to be effective in managing supplier relationships, though research examining their impact within a product development context has been limited. Socialization mechanisms, such as supplier conferences and on‐site visits, help establish communication and information‐sharing routines necessary to achieve supplier integration in the product development process. Using performance measures to evaluate a supplier helps focus managerial attention on areas such as innovation and communication that are important to integration success. A structural equation model, using a sample of 142 manufacturing firms based in the United Kingdom, indicates that the level of supplier integration in new product development is positively influenced by socialization mechanisms and innovation‐focused measures of supplier performance, but not significantly associated with the use of communication measures. In turn, increased levels of supplier integration led to improvements in both collaboration outcomes and business performance. Socialization mechanisms were also found to have a direct effect on collaboration outcomes achieved by the firm. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.     

New Service Development Competence and Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Retail Banking

What can service firms do to improve their ability to offer new services? In this paper we argue that new service development success results from building a competence in the management of service development resources and routines. We conceptualize new service development competence as a multidimensional, second‐order latent construct that is represented by a system of four interrelated and complementary dimensions: (1) formalized new service development processes, (2) market acuity, (3) new service development strategy, and (4) information technology use and experience. We hypothesize that the growth of new service development competence is related to improved new service development performance. Using structural equations modeling, we analyze survey data from 166 retail banks and report three key empirical findings. First, we show that the four hypothesized dimensions are statistically significant in defining new service development competence. Second, contrary to conventional wisdom in new product development, we find that formalized processes play a lesser role in the success of new service development compared with the other three dimensions. Instead, market acuity—which captures the firm's ability to see the competitive environment clearly and to anticipate and respond to customers' evolving needs and wants—was the most important new service development competence indicator. Finally, we demonstrate the positive effect of new service development competence on new service development performance and show that new service development competence is also significantly related to business‐level performance. Together, our empirical results suggest that complementary benefits arise from the adoption of a more holistic approach to the management of new service development at the program level.     

Rule Violations and Organizational Search: A Review and Extension

Whether they are formally prescribed or informally agreed upon, rules delineate the types of behavior deemed acceptable or appropriate within organizations. Studies often find that negative outcomes such as decreased group cohesion and higher turnover result when rules are broken. However, research rarely examines the potential positive effects of rule violations. Rules describe expectations about behavior within routines, or patterns of activity in organizations. When rules are violated by individuals, it could be an indication that the associated patterns of activity are no longer appropriate and that changes to the routines are needed. Organizations may learn from these violations if the violations trigger a search for new ways to organize activities, but this connection between violations and the search for new routines is affected by several factors. Drawing from a review and discussion of rules, routines, and research on organizational search and learning, this paper develops propositions regarding how rule violations motivate the search for new routines. This perspective integrates the literatures on rule‐breaking and organizational search, and also suggests that managers who attend to patterns of rule‐breaking within their organizations may detect drift from their environments and take corrective action earlier than suggested by other organizational learning research.     

The Effects of Knowledge Management on Team Members' Ratings of Project Success and Impact*

Many organizations are trying to improve the generation and utilization of knowledge. The activities associated with these efforts are identified as organizational knowledge management (KM). While much has been written about knowledge management from the organizational level, the success of such efforts over the long run will depend upon on how KM activities impact important outcomes as perceived by those at the employee level who actually implement the activities. This study used the input‐process‐output framework of team effectiveness to investigate the relationship between selected KM‐related activities on integrated product and process development team members' satisfaction with their project's success and the impact they expected it to have on the organization. The results indicate that team‐level leadership and support (i.e., inputs), along with knowledge generation and dissemination (i.e., processes), are key drivers of member performance‐related ratings (i.e., outputs). Finally, and possibly most importantly, a number of interactions were evident suggesting that the KM processes moderate the effects of the KM inputs. These findings and their implications are discussed.     

Structural Constraints,Strategic Interactions and Innovative Processes: Measuring Network Effects in New Product Development Projects

In this paper I approach the analysis of innovation activities as relational processes first deriving the econometric specification of an endogenous model of network effect on individual outcome, and then using data on innovation projects to empirically test the impact on actors' performance of relational activities in new product development. A complete relational set of inter-unit relationships in 173 new product development projects among 24 R&D units of a profit oriented R&D organization is analyzed using mixed regressive-autoregressive models. Results show the importance of a network effects on unit's performance, after controlling for unit's attributional characteristics. The magnitude and directionality of these effects are sensitive to project characteristics, but not to the directionality of the ties. Implications for theory and research in innovation management are discussed by elaborating on the importance of the content of the ties to assess the impact of relational activities, and to examine client (i.e. ties sent) and server (i.e. ties received) relational options as complementary aspects of interaction strategies.     

Towards an integrative framework of performance in product development projects

This paper aims to identify the factors that are associated with high performance in product development projects. The study takes a multidisciplinary approach in order to first explore key characteristics of product development processes. A synthesis of literatures from the fields of organization theory, strategic management, innovation management, project management, and group effectiveness provides the necessary theoretical foundations for analyzing the complex organizational processes that are involved in a typical product development project. The theoretical development that follows leads to the formulation of a series of propositions regarding relationships between product development performance dimensions and a variety of factors. An integrative framework that summarizes the proposed relationships is then developed. The paper concludes with a discussion that focuses on key elements of product-development strategies and management processes and how these can be controlled in order to enhance product development performance.