季节指数的极大似然估计

文章探索运用数理统计的极大似然估计法计算季节指数,得出的计算公式与传统的算术方法完全一致,从直观上保持了与传统算法的衔接性,又可以得出季节指数的区间估计,提高了季节指数计算的完备性.     

浅谈极大似然估计的教学方法

在数理统计中,当随机变量X的分布类型已知时,一个很重要的问题就是要对分布中所含的参数θ进行估计,即所谓的参数估计。在参数估计方法中有一种常用的点估计方法——极大似然估计方法（以下简称极大似然估计）。该方法最早是由高斯（C.F.Gauss）提出来的,后来费雷（R.A.Fisher）在1912年又重新提出该方法,并证明了该方法的一些优良性质。极大似然估计方法的背后有着非常朴素的哲理,但是,如果不把握其精髓,则很难让初学者理解和接受。笔者在多年从事概率与数理统计教学中发现,这部分既是数理统计（参数估计）教学中的一个难点又是重点。     

马尔可夫转换模型的极大似然估计的算法

由金融和经济时间序列,文章引入了马尔可夫转换模型并详细给出其原理--隐藏马尔可夫模型,以及在条件高斯下的极大似然估计方法.通过引入新的模型--扩张隐藏马尔可夫模型,对多种状态转移的情形下的极大似然估计量的算法进行了改进.     

线性回归模型的后验极大似然估计

与普通最小二乘法相比,线性模型参数的极大似然估计,在一般的条件下也具有很好的性质;而实际中,在进行统计推断之前,我们往往对参数的信息有一定把握。文章将利用参数的先验信息即先验分布,构造了线性模型参数的后验极大似然估计,并在两种先验分布的情形,给出了具体的结果。     

洛伦茨曲线参数的极大似然估计

洛伦茨曲线是反映收入分配平均程度的曲线，基尼系数是衡量收入分配平均程度的指标，如何计算基尼系数目前尚无有效而简便的方法。本文运用概率论的观点研究洛伦茨曲线，在把收入不高于某一固定水平的人口占总人口百分比视为随机变量的意义下，证明洛伦茨曲线是一分布函数，基尼系数则是洛伦茨曲线的参数的函数，应用极大似然法对洛伦茨曲线的参数进行估计，进而得到基尼系数的估计。     

极大似然估计的间接求法

文章给出了全样本和定数截尾样本场合下求参数极大似然估计的间接方法,并举例说明了该方法的可行性和简便性。     

CIR模型参数校准的极大似然法

针对CIR模型,利用Nowman方法得到近似转移密度函数,同时假设零息债券的市场价格与理论价格之间存在高斯误差,构造权重函数,应用加权极大似然方法对模型中的参数进行校准,并通过数值模拟验证了方法的有效性。     

分组数据情形下一般指数分布刻度参数的极大似然估计

文章研究了分组数据情形下,一般指数分布(GED)刻度参数的极大似然估计存在且唯一的充要条件,进而得到了极大似然估计具有强相合性.     

分组数据在指数分布下的近似极大似然估计

基于指数分布下的分组数据,文章研究了步加试验中参数的近似极大似然估计方法,最后通过蒙特卡罗模拟,说明方法是可行且有效的.     

时变系数空间自回归面板数据模型的极大似然估计

本文对扰动项存在跨时期的异方差、但不存在序列相关的时变系数空间自回归模型提出了极大似然的估计方法,并证明了该估计量的一致性,同时,证明了该估计量渐进服从正态分布,由此说明该估计量具有优良的大样本性质。同时,我们还对本文所提出估计量的小样本性质进行了数值模拟。本文研究表明,估计量虽然在N较小时偏差较大,但是随着N的不断增加,估计量偏差减小,体现了比较优良的渐进性质。同时,估计量的偏差会随着时期数的增加而变大,这说明本文所提出的估计方法适用于个体数较多、时期数较少的短面板数据。     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation for the 4-Parameter Beta Distribution

This paper addresses the problem of obtaining maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters of the Pearson Type I distribution (beta distribution with unknown end points and shape parameters). Since they do not seem to have appeared in the literature, the likelihood equations and the information matrix are derived. The regularity conditions which ensure asymptotic normality and efficiency are examined, and some apparent conflicts in the literature are noted. To ensure regularity, the shape parameters must be greater than two, giving an (assymmetrical) bell-shaped distribution with high contact in the tails. A numerical investigation was carried out to explore the bias and variance of the maximum likelihood estimates and their dependence on sample size. The numerical study indicated that only for large samples (n ≥ 1000) does the bias in the estimates become small and does the Cramér-Rao bound give a good approximation for their variance. The likelihood function has a global maximum which corresponds to parameter estimates that are inadmissable. Useful parameter estimates can be obtained at a local maximum, which is sometimes difficult to locate when the sample size is small.     

On the Convergence of the Monte Carlo Maximum Likelihood Method for Latent Variable Models

While much used in practice, latent variable models raise challenging estimation problems due to the intractability of their likelihood. Monte Carlo maximum likelihood (MCML), as proposed by Geyer & Thompson (1992 ), is a simulation-based approach to maximum likelihood approximation applicable to general latent variable models. MCML can be described as an importance sampling method in which the likelihood ratio is approximated by Monte Carlo averages of importance ratios simulated from the complete data model corresponding to an arbitrary value of the unknown parameter. This paper studies the asymptotic (in the number of observations) performance of the MCML method in the case of latent variable models with independent observations. This is in contrast with previous works on the same topic which only considered conditional convergence to the maximum likelihood estimator, for a fixed set of observations. A first important result is that when is fixed, the MCML method can only be consistent if the number of simulations grows exponentially fast with the number of observations. If on the other hand, is obtained from a consistent sequence of estimates of the unknown parameter, then the requirements on the number of simulations are shown to be much weaker.     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Gaussian Chain Graph Models under the Alternative Markov Property

Abstract.  The Andersson–Madigan–Perlman (AMP) Markov property is a recently proposed alternative Markov property (AMP) for chain graphs. In the case of continuous variables with a joint multivariate Gaussian distribution, it is the AMP rather than the earlier introduced Lauritzen–Wermuth–Frydenberg Markov property that is coherent with data-generation by natural block-recursive regressions. In this paper, we show that maximum likelihood estimates in Gaussian AMP chain graph models can be obtained by combining generalized least squares and iterative proportional fitting to an iterative algorithm. In an appendix, we give useful convergence results for iterative partial maximization algorithms that apply in particular to the described algorithm.     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Life-Span Based on Censored and Passively Registered Historical Data

We consider the estimation of life length of people who were born in the seventeenth or eighteenth century in England. The data consist of a sequence of times of life events that is either ended by a time of death or is right-censored by an unobserved time of migration. We propose a semi parametric model for the data and use a maximum likelihood method to estimate the unknown parameters in this model. We prove the consistency of the maximum likelihood estimators and describe an algorithm to obtain the estimates numerically. We have applied the algorithm to data and the estimates found are presented.     

关于季节指数约束条件和极大似然估计的研究——基于三种加法和乘法模型

使用科学的方法观测并计算某种社会经济现象的季节性变动,对于把握其真实的环比变动具有重要的现实意义。使用经典方法计算季节指数以反映现象的季节性变动,因其结果不够严谨和完备,是一个至今尚未获得完满解决的问题。为了提高计算季节指数结果的科学性、严谨性、完备性,基于符合三种加法和乘法模型的社会经济现象,解析其中各季节指数之间存在的约束条件,运用数理统计中极大似然估计理论与方法,推导出与经典方法算式相近的季节指数的约束极大似然估计算式,给出季节指数的区间估计,并举例对获得的结果做了计算和对比验证。     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Poisson Parameter in a Model of Equioverlapping Samples:A Simulation Study

In a model of equioverlapping samples maximum likelihood estimation of a Poisson parameter is examined and compared with two linear unbiased estimations by mean squared error. Since a likelihood estimator is not explicitly available in general, a simulation study has been performed and the results are illustrated     

Comparison of Maximum Likelihood with Conditional Pairwise Likelihood Estimation of Person Parameters in the Rasch Model

This paper is concerned with person parameter estimation in the binary Rasch model. The loss of efficiency of a pseudo, quasi, or composite likelihood approach investigated. By means of a Monte Carlo study, two quasi likelihood estimators are compared to two well-established maximum likelihood approaches, one of which being a weighted likelihood procedure. The results show that the observed values of the root mean squared error are practically equivalent for the compared estimators in the case of a sufficiently large number of items.     

On Maximum Likelihood Estimation for the Two Parameter Burr XII Distribution

This article considers three related aspects of maximum likelihood estimation of parameters in the two-parameter Burr XII distribution. Specifically, we first provide further clarification to some limiting results in Wingo (1993 Wingo , D. R. ( 1993 ). Maximum likelihood estimation of Burr XII distribution parameters under Type II censoring . Microelectron. Reliab. 33 : 1251 – 1257 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We then focus on details in a proof of the uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimators. Finally, we consider using the likelihood approach for data which does not satisfy Wingo's criterion, and show that this results in fitting either a Pareto distribution or an intuitively sensible degenerate distribution to the data. The discussion here is completely general, and not restricted to data obtained under Type II censoring.     

Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Normal Mixtures

The estimation of the parameters of a mixture of Gaussian densities is considered, within the framework of maximum likelihood. Due to unboundedness of the likelihood function, the maximum likelihood estimator fails to exist. We adopt a solution to likelihood function degeneracy which consists in penalizing the likelihood function. The resulting penalized likelihood function is then bounded over the parameter space and the existence of the penalized maximum likelihood estimator is granted. As original contribution we provide asymptotic properties, and in particular a consistency proof, for the penalized maximum likelihood estimator. Numerical examples are provided in the finite data case, showing the performances of the penalized estimator compared to the standard one.     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Log-Binomial Model

Maximum likelihood estimation of prevalence ratios using the log-binomial model is problematic when the estimates are on the boundary of the parameter space. When the model is correct, maximum likelihood is often the method of choice. The authors provide a theorem, formulas, and methodology for obtaining maximum likelihood estimators of the log-binomial model and their estimated standard errors when the solution is on the boundary of the parameter space. Examples are given to illustrate the method.