Visual extended enterprise engineering and operation-embedding knowledge management and work execution

This paper describes a new approach to extended enterprise engineering and operation-embedding knowledge management and work-tops for work execution. The approach is based on web technologies and a new technology we call active knowledge models (AKM). By developing and using AKMs of extended enterprises, most methodologies, work environments and business solutions will converge. Enterprises will be integrated by externalized shareable knowledge. During forming and managing of extended enterprises, knowledgesharing infrastructures and the process of generating operational solutions will be simplified and facilitated. Extended enterprises will be engineered and managed as reflective, selfadapting AKMs. By using process-oriented methods to externalize internal and tacit knowledge, the AKM technology provides an environment of work-tops and views to produce, share, cultivate and manage situated knowledge. This knowledge will be applied and managed as competences and skills, and as improved methods. AKMs let us benefit from the intrinsic properties of knowledge. They facilitate convergence of methodologies and integration of technologies.     

技术创新网络中企业间依赖、企业开放度对合作绩效的影响

技术创新网络中企业的合作绩效受到企业间依赖关系与企业开放度的影响。本文在对相关文献梳理的基础上,提出了网络内企业间依赖与开放度对合作绩效影响的理论假设,利用我国企业技术创新合作过程中的实际数据,对其进行了实证检验。结果表明,技术创新网络中企业间联合依赖与不对称依赖的程度会影响到企业在合作过程中的开放度,同时也会影响到企业的合作绩效。进而,作为企业间依赖与企业合作绩效间重要的中介,开放度也显著影响着企业合作的绩效。     

Quality Risk Ratings in Global Supply Chains

Extended enterprises face many challenges in managing the product quality of their suppliers. Consequently characterizing the quality risk posed by value‐chain partners has become increasingly important. There have been several recent efforts to develop frameworks for rating the quality risk posed by suppliers. We develop an analytical model to examine the impact of such quality ratings on suppliers, manufacturers, and social welfare. While it might seem that quality ratings would benefit high‐quality suppliers and hurt low‐quality suppliers, we show that this is not always the case. We find that such quality ratings can hurt both types of suppliers or benefit both, depending on the market conditions. We also find that quality ratings do not always benefit the most demanding manufacturers who desire high‐quality suppliers. Finally, we find that social welfare is not always improved by risk ratings. These results suggest that public policy initiatives addressing risk ratings must be carefully considered.     

CEO网络嵌入性与企业价值

以社会网络理论为理论依据,本文构建了CEO网络嵌入性与企业价值关系的概念模型,提出CEO网络嵌入性与企业价值变化正相关的假设。运用结构方程方法的模型发展策略,选取2009年A股非金融保险业上市公司为样本,对概念模型与实证数据进行契合,得到一个在统计上与样本数据能够良好适配的理论模型。通过对模型进行实证检验,证实了本文所提出的理论假设和概念模型的合理性。     

基于隐形契约的集群企业知识共享伙伴选择研究

产业集群中隐性契约的存在抑制了集群合作中机会主义行为的产生,使得集群企业间的知识共享合作比一般企业更具有稳定性。本文基于产业集群隐形契约约束,根据Hotelling博弈模型,分阶段对集群企业间知识共享伙伴的选择机制进行研究。研究表明,早期建立更为广泛的知识共享伙伴合作关系对集群企业的长远发展较为有利,集群企业总是更愿意与网络权力较大的企业形成知识共享关系,隐形契约的约束有利于产业集群建立更为稳定的知识共享关系网络,提升集群企业知识收益,有助于产业集群的良性发展。     

企业信用内生网络模型及其演化研究

本文考虑上游企业和下游企业两个部门，通过构建企业内生网络模型研究企业间信用关联内在形成机制及其演化特征。通过对内生网络模型仿真研究，结果表明本文构建的模型重现了现实企业系统存在的一些特征：企业信用网络度分布服从幂律分布，该网络具有无标度特征；较长的合并周期则能更好地反映企业间信用关系，且随着合并周期变大，网络密度也显著增大；企业资产规模分布具有幂律尾部特征，企业资产增长率随时间演化逐渐呈收敛状，且其概率分布近似于正态分布。     

经理人市场失灵与家族企业治理

经理人市场是一个特殊的人力资本市场 ,在一定意义上 ,这是一个“职业”企业家的雇佣市场。家族企业的高速成长带来对于职业经理人的需求增长 ,但在不少情况下 ,经理人的引入是不成功的。企业和经理人双方的家族主义取向导致双方缺乏相互信任 ,家族企业在某种程度上的“隐私”经营给企业从外部引入经理人带来风险。同时 ,经理人的非职业性 ,或在自己创业与作为经理人之间转移的成本很低 ,导致经理人市场的不稳定性。但在竞争和国际化中 ,对传统家族企业的改造势在必行 ,但在经理人引入上是谨慎的 ,较为普遍的模式是家族和经理人共同分割企业的控制权 ,这一模式在这里被称之为“折中治理”。     

A review of: “Basic Guide to System Safety.” By J. W. VINCOLI, (Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993), £27 50. Market: Managers and novice safety engineers.

This paper explores the issue of loyalty and commitment of team workers in industrial collaboration. The similarities and differences between normal and extended or virtual teamwork are described. Extended teams are different from normal teams in terms of location, diversity and composition over time. A comparison of the antecedents of commitment in normal situations reveals that commitment seems to be stimulated by industrial collaboration, because of some enriching job characteristics. However, questions arise related to the focus (organization, work group/collaboration team, occupation) and the form (affective, continuance, normative) of commitment. Further research in this relatively under researched area is needed. Despite the lack of specific research, some organizational policies are pointed to that enhance commitment, such as employee involvement, shared values and socialization practices.     

民营企业管理机制运作实效研究--对美的集团管理机制的S调查案例

民营企业的竞争优势在于管理机制的创新与灵活性,本文在对广东美的集团2767份问卷调查基础上,从实证角度研究了民营企业中各种管理机制对员工产生的影响和作用;管理机制作为企业文化要素,被企业员工认同的程度;对比分析企业高层员工和基层员工对各种管理机制的不同感受.     

基于模拟退火算法的动态联盟盟员的动态选择

为了顺应21世纪知识经济时代竞争的需要,在制造业出现了动态联盟的先进制造模式,从而使得对动态联盟的研究成为当前学术界热点问题之一。目前,国内外在研究动态联盟盟员选择主要集中于组盟时的盟员选择,是一种静态选择,与动态联盟“快捷变化”的特性不符。由于知识的形性、外溢性、无地域性、成员间的合作竞争性等,使得动态联盟不可避免会产生知识资产冲突,从而导致着盟员的动态更迭。为此,基于模拟退火算法的思想,本文设计了一种解决动态联盟中盟员动态选择的算法,该算法很好地解决了动态联盟中盟员如何被动态选择和淘汰的问题,实例也表明该算法是符合实际运做的。当然,本算法也存在着一些有待继续研究的问题。     

结网合作策略选择的能力依赖模型及其启示

探讨了网络组织中企业竞争优势的本源:核心知识与能力及其协同互补.在此基础上建立了企业结网合作的能力依赖模型,通过模型推演了企业核心知识与能力增长的异质性及目标网络能力互补协同系数如何影响企业结网合作的策略选择.从中得到两点启示:①内部继承积累和组织间学习占主导地位的企业具有结网合作的迫切感,倾向于通过加快结网合作获取其他成员的知识;强调自我创新的企业更愿意通过企业自身的创新活动积累核心知识与能力.②网络组织中企业面临的学习与自主创新的矛盾将使具有弹性特点的网络组织在动态中演进.     

Opportunities for research about managing the knowledge-based enterprise

Potentially valuable directions for new research into the management of knowledge-based enterprises are identified in this paper. This was done by reviewing relevant literature to develop research questions, using a model of knowledge-based capabilities to focus the review. The model highlights six knowledge capabilities: acquisition, creation, capture, storage, diffusion and transfer. A knowledge-based enterprise would have to engage in (if not excel at) these activities simply to manage its key resource – knowledge. Forty-two research questions were proposed based on the review. The focus of the research questions varies widely, representing potential opportunities for researchers from many different areas to further our understanding of managing knowledge-based enterprises.     

连锁董事、区域企业间连锁董事网与区域经济发展——对上海和广东两地2001年上市公司的实证考察

本文描述了上海与广东企业 ,因连锁董事的企业间联系而构成的区域企业网络的形态。研究发现 ,上海企业镶嵌于一个具有整体的、广泛的企业连锁网络之中 ,而广东企业镶嵌于一个离散的、小型的企业连锁格局之中。结合西方关于企业间连锁董事网络形成的理论和本研究的实证结果 ,本文得出以下可能的推论:(1)从网络形成的角度讲 ,地区企业网络形态的形成和发展具有路径依赖的特征。具体的讲 ,上海企业连锁董事网的形成很大程度上镶嵌于广泛而紧密的社会、经济关系之中。而广东企业间离散的、小型的连锁格局很大程度上与其依据于市场的经济运作模式相关。由于广东的企业更多地依赖市场实现企业的相关战略 ,企业间的非经济关系诸如企业间的连锁董事网相对简单和缺省。 (2)从企业间的连锁董事网对企业行为及地区经济可能造成的影响讲 ,上海企业的经济行为和经济发展多多少少地受其特有的企业间连锁董事网形态的影响———其有可能促进企业成功应对环境的不确定性、有利于政府对企业以及企业间的协调与控制、以及有利于企业对资源的获取。但同时 ,广泛而紧密的企业间连锁也可能促进企业层面或管理者阶层的共谋 ,破环经济秩序与效率。虽然广东企业主要依赖发达的市场来获得快捷而足够的信息 ,其并不能完全替代企业?     

基于模糊神经网络的小微企业信用评级研究

当前小微企业贷款需求日益增加,建立行之有效的小微企业信用评级模型已成为学术界和实务界关注的焦点.本文在阐述模型和构建指标体系的基础上,提出基于模糊神经网络开展小微企业信用评级的研究步骤,以某农村商业银行小微企业信贷微观数据为实证样本,分别进行小型企业和微型企业信用评级检测.实证结果表明,模糊神经网络模型在小微企业信用评级研究中具有较BP神经网络模型更高的检测精度.模型能够实现评级主观性与客观性结合,可对数据进行定性调节和批量处理,且具有明确的计算过程和决策规则,故适用于信用评级研究且具有稳健性.     

Leveraging tacit knowledge in alliances: The importance of using relational capabilities to build and leverage relational capital

Effectively managing existing tacit knowledge stocks and transferring knowledge between partners contributes to firm capabilities that allow them to differentiate their goods and services from those of their competitors. Because it also helps them to provide greater value to customers, it contributes to the development of a competitive advantage. In highly competitive industries, firms need to focus on proactively managing their knowledge resources to ensure survival. However, the knowledge management process is at times complex especially because of the difficulty involved in conveying tacit knowledge. Due to its latent potential for enabling firms to achieve potential competitive advantage, how firms utilize and transfer stocks of tacit knowledge requires enhanced understanding. In specific, we explain how firms use relational capabilities to build relational capital with partners. In turn, relational capital facilitates the transfer of tacit knowledge between collaborating partners. We develop several propositions regarding the factors likely to influence the transfer of a firm's tacit knowledge resources in strategic alliances. The importance of social capital's relational dimension, relational capital, in this process is highlighted.     

考虑项目关联关系的R&D网络风险传播建模与仿真

考虑同一企业内不同项目间关联关系的情况下,基于研发项目的数量将研发网络分为不同子网络。借鉴SIS模型构建了R&D网络风险传播动力学模型,并对该模型进行了数理解析与仿真分析。结果表明：R&D网络风险传播阈值是由不同子网络的拓扑结构以及企业内不同项目间的关联程度共同决定的;考虑项目关联的研发网络风险传播阈值小于不考虑关联关系的研发网络风险传播阈值;项目间关联关系的企业个数及项目间的关联程度对风险在不同子网络上的传播速度与传播范围均具有影响。该研究成果对于提高研发网络抗风险能力具有重要意义。     

Einsatz eines Assessment-Centers im Rahmen von Unternehmensnachfolge

The succession process in family enterprises is a complex and potentially difficult challenge. The retiring boss and his or her junior successor have to negotiate family ties, potentially different entrepreneurial plans, and their feeling of responsibility for the company’s welfare. Such inter-generational tensions, influenced by different attitudes, might cause massive conflicts. To make a succession process within families successful, economic, legal, and psychological factors need to be addressed. Psychological methods could help to estimate the successor’s rating on established personality criteria of entrepreneurial success. The result of a suitable psychological diagnostic assessment demonstrates their strengths and weaknesses. This enables the successors to overcome or to develop strategies to compensate for their weaknesses. Such a process has the potential to increase their entrepreneurial fitness and to calm the retiring person’s worries. This paper describes the application of a Single-Assessment Centre on the basis of a case study in the context of entrepreneurial succession planning. The results from the Single-Assessment case study highlight the successor’s low self confidence and lack of social skills. These outcomes are interpreted within the framework of a psychodynamic model. On a more abstract level the results lead to the conclusion that, regarding the intra-familial succession planning process, it is necessary to solve the successors’ oedipal conflicts.     

家族企业接班人的胜任—绩效建模——基于越商代际传承的实证分析

接班人的选择与培养对于家族企业的生存发展至关重要。本文通过文献回顾、深度访谈和问卷调查方式,采用探索性和验证性因子分析方法构建了家族企业接班人的胜任—绩效模型。结果显示,模型具有较好的拟合度,家族企业接班人胜任能力包括社会网络、政府关系、发现机会、承担风险、资源整合、战略决策、学习创新和科学管理八个因子,其中,前四个因子和后四个因子可以分别归属于管理素质和管理技能两个一级因子;家族企业的继承绩效包括客观绩效和主观绩效两个因子,其中,客观绩效包括人才结构、产品技术、品牌形象、市场份额、利润增长和企业规模六个二级因子,而主观绩效主要包括家族满意和员工满意两个二级因子;社会网络、学习创新、政府关系、资源整合等因子对于家族企业的继承绩效具有更显著的相关性关系,而社会网络和政府关系对于企业继承的影响颇具中国特色。     

管控策略对关联企业网络稳定状态的影响——基于关联信用风险传染的视角

随着经济全球化和金融市场的快速发展,关联信用风险在关联企业之间普遍存在,寻找有效的风险管控策略成为关联信用风险管理的热点和难点问题。本文结合传染病模型和复杂网络理论,探讨了管控策略对关联信用风险传染及关联企业网络稳定的影响。研究表明：关联信用风险的传染导致关联企业网络最终趋于不同的稳定状态,当关联企业网络处于有风险稳定时,通过管控策略可以使其达到无风险稳定;当关联企业网络处于无风险稳定时,通过管控策略可以缩短网络达到无风险稳定的时间,且能降低关联信用风险传染过程中感染企业出现的峰值;在一定条件下,救治策略相较于免疫策略对关联信用风险的管控有更高的效率。     

Creating and sustaining competitive advantage in collaborative systems: The what and the how

Initially this paper asks two questions: In order to create and sustain competitive advantage through collaborative systems WHAT should be managed? and HOW should it be managed? It introduces the competitive business structure and reviews some of the global trends in manufacturing and business, which leads to focus on manage processes, value propositions and extended business processes. It then goes on to develop a model of the collaborative architecture for extended enterprises and demonstrates the validity of this architecture through a case study. It concludes that, in order to create and sustain competitive advantage, collaborative systems should facilitate the management of: the collaborative architecture of the extended enterprise; the extended business processes and the value proposition for each extended enterprise through a meta level management process. It also identifies areas for further research, such as better understanding of: the exact nature and interaction of multiple strategies within an enterprise; how to manage people/teams working along extended business processes; and the nature and prerequisites of the manage processes