求解多层生产计划集成问题的一种遗传算法

对于多层生产计划集成问题,目前多采用递阶计划模型求解.利用单个模型来描述和解决集成化的多层生产计划问题在理论上具有更好的求解效果,但实现上却有很大的难度.基于JIT思想,提出了一种新的优化目标函数,建立了一个批量规划和作业排序的集成模型,并采用遗传算法求解,取得了较为满意的结果.     

Optimal and Heuristic Decision Strategies for Integrated Production and Marketing Planning

In this study we examine the effects of integrating production and marketing decisions for a short- to medium-range planning horizon in a profit maximizing firm. We formulate two models for determining price, marketing expenditure, demand or production volume, and lot size for a single product with stable demand when economies of scale are present. The full integration (FI) model simultaneously determines all the decisions involved, while the partial integration (PI) model separates the lot sizing decision from the others, as happens frequently in practice. Geometric programming (GP) techniques and marginal analysis are used to compare FI and PI, and obtain important managerial implications regarding the two models.     

企业生产综合计划的优化编制与决策支持研究

针对我国社会主义市场经济体制的特点,将市场和顾客需求引入生产计划评价指标体系,建立了一种基于规划、优化、反馈调整的3阶段生产综合计划优化编制方法,并给出了相应的决策支持系统结构框架     

一种面向流程企业生产计划与调度的配方管理模型

为提高ERP软件对不同流程企业计划与调度的适应性,提出了一种面向流程企业生产计划与调度的配方管理模型.本模型由四个具有继承关系的子模型组成位置配方管理模型、一般配方管理模型、主配方管理模型和控制配方管理模型.位置配方管理模型描述工厂的拓扑结构和生产能力资源;一般配方管理模型用于企业长期计划和经营决策等;主配方管理模型主要为短期计划、静态调度和动态调度提供数据和信息;控制配方管理模型管理生产批次.     

A Hierarchical Production Planning and Scheduling Model

A hierarchical production planning and scheduling system is developed that integrates planning decisions into a unified and consistent framework. A three-tiered approach is used to address long-term inventory control, short-term production planning, and daily scheduling tasks. A product grouping scheme introduces uniformity into the solution process and simplifies overall model complexity. Results of the model implementation are reported.     

中小企业ERP生产计划体系分析与设计

本文以我国中小型制造企业为研究对象,分析了我国中小企业ERP生产计划管理体系的特点和应具有的功能,并根据系统功能目标,对主生产计划(Master Production Schedule,MPS)、物料需求计划(Material Require-ment Planning,MRP)和能力需求计划(Capacity Requirements Planning,CRP)进行了分析,实现了生产计划控制的有机结合,提出了一个针对中小企业的解决方案.     

Refocusing the Focus Group: AIRing as a Basis for Effective Workplace Planning

Organizations commonly make use of focus groups for planning purposes while giving little thought to the dimensions on which those groups are formed. This paper argues that the dimensions of group formation have a significant effect on the ultimate success of any planning exercise. This is because in all organizations people necessarily self‐categorize as members of groups that shape the way they think and act at work. However, there is often a lack of fit between the way organizations categorize employees and the way those employees categorize themselves. To the extent that there is a lack of fit between imposed and self‐identified categories, we argue that organizations will fail to effectively harness group resources. Any planning strategy that makes use of groups should organize people in terms of identities that are most relevant to their work in order (a) to have an impact on the way people think and act and (b) to ensure that people have (and feel that they have) the opportunity to provide input that is relevant, useful and important for the organization. The paper discusses a technique, AIRing, that allows organizations to address this issue effectively. This is the first stage of the ASPIRe negotiation‐based planning model (Eggins et al., Social Identity at Work: Developing Theory for Organizational Practice, pp. 241–260, Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis, 2003; Haslam et al., British Journal of Management, 14 (2003), pp. 357–369).     

顾客为中心生产的集成化计划与控制方法研究

本文在对以顾客为中心的生产组织形式、生产类型和生产方式分析的基础上,提出了以顾客为中心生产的集成计划与控制方法体系、模型和运行机制;同时针对以顾客为中心的联盟合作生产组织形式,给出了相应的合作生产管理策略,从而拓展了现有的生产计划与控制方法,并为以顾客为中心的多企业联盟合作生产目标的实现提供了新的管理策略.     

A Decision Support System for Production/ Distribution Planning in Continuous Manufacturing

This paper presents a decision support system (DSS) for managing production/distribution planning in a continuous manufacturing environment. The vendor has multiple plants and distribution centers (DCs). The trading partners have widely varying independent demand patterns. The DSS is designed for use in a multiproduct environment with overlapping raw materials and processing requirements. The production and distribution lead times at plants may span multiple planning periods. The impact of any manual override of a suggested solution can also be evaluated. The DSS is based on a linear programming model with a rolling horizon and was originally designed for a large process industry. Results of a pilot implementation using actual data are also presented, which show potential for significant savings for the company.     

带有单件流的混流生产方式提前期的分析与优化

通过数学分析说明了提前期问题的重要性,建立了带有单件流的混流生产方式的提前期模型,找到影响提前的关键因素为最大工序调整时间之和与品种的最大工序加工时间,并通过作业排序和平衡生产线等方法优化了这两个因素,通过一个算例说明制造提前期得到了显著缩短.     

非正式组织演进路径实证研究

本文基于组织行为学视角,以天津市部分企业员工为调查对象,通过问卷调查和调查访谈,对企业非正式组织演进路径进行了实证研究。研究发现,非正式组织与组织成员心理特征、非正式组织领袖、企业文化及其结构特征具有相关性。本文还辩析了非正式组织演进路径模型,并在此基础上,得出管理非正式组织的启示。     

Guest Editorial Production Planning and Control in other Industries

This paper provides an excursion into various scheduling problems arising in the manufacturing environment and possible approaches that can be taken to solve them. It reviews the research in production scheduling from the perspective of designing and operating a production system and examines the research strategies adopted to find the solution of the practical problems. This review is in the form of the paradigms that evolved during the twentieth century and shows the transition in theory and practice of each paradigm. It covers the fundamental frameworks of scheduling theory, outlining various approaches that can be taken to solve (optimally or approximately) such problems, and the difficulties arising in their practical use. Subsequently, an iterative scheduling process is suggested as an extension of existing paradigms to solve practical production scheduling problems and to bridge the gap between theory and practice in production scheduling and control.     

Production and Sales Planning in Capacitated New Product Introductions

How should a firm with limited capacity introduce a new product? Should it introduce the product as soon as possible or delay introduction to build up inventory? How do the product and market characteristics affect the firm's decisions? To answer such questions, we analyze new product introductions under capacity restrictions using a two‐period model with diffusion‐type demand. Combining marketing and operations management decisions in a stylized model, we optimize the production and sales plans of the firm for a single product. We identify four different introduction policies and show that when the holding cost is low and the capacity is low to moderate, a (partial) build‐up policy is indeed optimal if consumers are sensitive to delay. Under such a policy, the firm (partially) delays the introduction of its product and incurs short‐term backlog costs to manage its future demand and total costs more effectively. However, as either the holding cost or the capacity increases, or consumer sensitivity to delay decreases, the build‐up policy starts to lose its appeal, and instead, the firm prefers an immediate product introduction. We extend our analysis by studying the optimal capacity decision of the firm and show that capacity shortages may be intentional.     

Reassessing Tradeoffs Inherent to Simultaneous Maintenance and Production Planning

Previous work has considered the simultaneous (as opposed to sequential) optimization of a maintenance policy and a production policy in a multi‐product setting with random yield and product mix constraints. One of the sequential approaches to which the simultaneous approach is compared is a so‐called first‐come‐first‐served (FCFS) approach, i.e., an approach that generates randomized production policies that do not depend on the deterioration state of the machine. However, the model formulation for this approach does not generate policies consistent with this FCFS notion. Therefore, we present a revised FCFS model and analyze its performance using an existing experimental design. The results suggest that previous work overestimates the degree to which a FCFS approach is suboptimal, and underestimates the value of simultaneously optimizing the maintenance and production decisions. Lastly, we conduct additional experiments which suggest that the joint impact of using both simultaneous optimization and a deterioration dependent production policy is quite significant.     

Cost and Shortage Trade-Offs in Aggregate Production Planning*

It is exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to measure shortage costs. To bypass this difficulty in aggregate production planning, this paper develops an optimal policy function (piecewise linear or a curve) for trade-offs between shortages and the sum of production and inventory costs. The optimal management decision is based on this function. It should be of major interest in production planning since similar functions for inventory management have been successfully applied in practice.     

钢铁联合企业的计划与调度系统

钢铁企业的计划与调度是企业高效组织,有序生产,保证产能、经济效益最大化的最核心的生产管理功能.计划部分需要考虑板型设计、物料计划、生产计划等,在详细的排产阶段需要设计热金属交付、连铸、轧制等时刻表甘特图.     

Earliness/Tardiness Production Scheduling and Planning,and solutions

Earliness/Tardiness Production Planning (ETPSP) has attracted much attention in recent years. In practice, it provides an efficient way to integrate Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II) Scheduling and with Just-In Time (JIT). Conventional research mainly focused on the condition of single-machine and parallel multi-machine. Capacity balance has not been considered. Some investigations of existing research on ETPSP are given in this paper. An extensive model of ETPSP with consideration of multi-process capacity balance for manufacturing systems is proposed. Two alternative solutions, key-process method and relaxation method, are both developed to solve ETPSP. Computational results identify that both methods are powerful to solve ETPSP which minimizes total earliness and tardiness penalties. Furthermore, some comparisons between these two methods and other conventional methods indicate the efficiency of the former.     

Assessing Service Level Targets in Production and Inventory Planning*

In production and stock planning, the relationship between customer service, defined as the ability to meet demand for finished goods from in-stock inventory, and expected profits or expected costs can be represented by a simple reliability curve. The shape of this curve depends upon the parameters of the demand process, specifically the expected level of demand, standard deviation and correlation structure, as well as upon the capacities and initial state of the production and inventory system. A model is presented which explicitly determines this trade-off curve for a firm. The model is intended both as an operational model to aid managers in setting revenue and service targets which are compatible with the capacities and resources of the firm, and as a tool for exploring relationships between the parameters of the demand process and the constraints of the physical production and inventory system. The results illustrate that the level of risk depends strongly on the variability of the demand process, the cost structure, the capacities and initial state of the system and, to a lesser extent, the correlation in demand between succeeding periods. Results suggest that establishing service level targets consistent with the firm's strategic orientation must be done in consideration of both the characteristics of the demand process and the capacities of the production and inventory system. The model provides a tool for estimating the premium above unit cost which must be paid to provide a designated service level.     

自动生产线的同步维修模型及实例研究

自动生产线故障停机时间长、停机费用高,其原因在于:设备种类多且相关联,存在各设备协同维修的难题。首先,寻求生产线故障时间和检查时间之间的平衡点,建立检查周期与总停机时间之间关系的目标函数。其次,借鉴同步维修的"对故障隐患集中式批处理,减少分散维修的停机时间"思想,以及时间延迟维修理论,建立生产线的同步维修模型,该模型利用生产线每天停机次数、每次停机时间及检查时发现的缺陷数,计算出合理的生产线检查周期,并以此为依据制定维修计划,实现"提高维修批量,减少生产线停机时间"的目标。最后,实例研究。收集某生产线近十年的故障记录数据,在分析生产流程、设备布局、各设备停机影响的基础上,提出对策指导生产线维修管理。