十七世纪伊朗伊斯兰哲学思想东传及其对中国穆斯林的影响

中国与伊朗文化交流源远流长,据史料记载,早在公元前二世纪,两国之间就有经济文化交往。至17世纪后,随着中国穆斯林前往麦加朝觐及中东一带游学人数的增多,两国穆斯林之间文化交流更加频繁,也有一些传教师东来中国传播伊斯兰教苏非派学理,一大批伊朗伊斯兰教哲学家的关于认主学、伦理学、教法学、教义学的著作传入中国。中国穆斯林学者将这些经典从波斯文、阿拉伯文翻译成汉文,介绍给中国穆斯林群众,极大地丰富和发展了中国伊斯兰哲学思想。本文将着重探讨伊朗伊斯兰哲学思想东传及其对中国穆斯林的影响。一、伊朗伊斯兰哲学著作对中国穆斯…     

波斯伊斯兰文明对中国伊斯兰文明的贡献及其深远影响

波斯伊斯兰文明和阿拉伯伊斯兰文明一样,与中国伊斯兰文明的历史有着千丝万缕的关系。时至今日主要信奉逊尼派的中国穆斯林社会中,仍然可以发现许多伊朗什叶派的痕迹。波斯籍的传教士、波斯语的伊斯兰宗教经籍,对于中国穆斯林恪守宗教信仰、保存民族文化,起到了相当重要的作用。以波斯—阿拉伯伊斯兰文明为内核的中国伊斯兰文明,对中国穆斯林的未来发展走向,必将继续起着深远的影响。     

波斯语苏非经典及其对中国穆斯林的影响

中国和伊朗两个文明古国有着悠久的历史友谊。早在汉代(前206～公元25)中国的使者开通西域以后,中国历史文献里就有了古波斯“安息”的记载。后来,随着著名的“丝绸之路”的开通和繁荣,中国和古代伊朗在政治、经济、宗教、文化等多方面有了广泛的交流。公元7世纪以后,随着伊斯兰教的向东传播,大批波斯、中亚穆斯林旅行家、商人、士兵和官员来到中国,并与中国的汉族等当地民族通婚、定居,形成了中国穆斯林新的群体———回族穆斯林。回族成为伊斯兰文化在中国的主要承载者,在使用汉语的同时,保存了大量的波斯文、阿拉伯文词汇和文化典籍。中…     

论基督教传教士字威默对伊斯兰教的认识转变及其影响

基督教传教士字威默在19世纪末到20世纪中叶活跃于穆斯林世界,并致力于穆斯林传教事业.20世纪初,字威默对伊斯兰教的认识发生了转变,即由对伊斯兰教教义的批判,转向寻求基督教与伊斯兰教的共识与对话,这一转变也影响着基督教对中国穆斯林的传教事业.     

中国穆斯林研究之回顾与展望──民族研究所及其遗产

所谓中国穆斯林，是指在9～10世纪（唐宋时期）后，自西亚移居汉土（Cathay、Chin之地）的穆斯林，这些伊斯兰教徒同时又以传播伊斯兰教为其主要目的，且历史性、阶段性地完成了以汉语为母语的过程，从而形成的中国穆斯林民族。故将其信奉的伊斯兰（宗教与制度）称为中国伊斯兰，通称回教。有关这个用语，在“中国”或者是“‘中国的’穆斯林、伊斯兰”中，概念已被加以区别。因为在中国境内，还有维吾尔、哈萨克、撒拉等穆斯林及其伊斯兰的存在，而这些民族都是属突厥语系的民族。与此相对，我所说的中国穆斯林，是以汉语作为其母语的，是…     

中国穆斯林国际交往的历史传统与现实意义

中国穆斯林及中国伊斯兰教界的国际交往历史悠久,内容丰富。千百年来,中外穆斯林在经济、文化以及宗教领域一直保持着联系,往来不绝。中国穆斯林富有特色的民族文化,既是中华文化的重要组成部分,也是中华文明与阿拉伯伊斯兰文明交往、交融的历史成果。中华人民共和国建立后,中国穆斯林及中国伊斯兰教界的国际交往进入了新的历史时期,交往领域不断拓宽,交往层次显著提升。今天,在进一步全面深化改革开放、推动"一带一路"建设的新形势下,中国伊斯兰教界和各族穆斯林以更加开放的姿态和更加自信的精神开展国际交往,对于弘扬伊斯兰教的和平精神,抵御和防范各种极端思想的流布,增进中国穆斯林与世界各国穆斯林之间的友谊,弘扬"亲诚惠容"的外交理念,促进中国人文外交事业的发展,具有重要的现实意义。     

认真探索 刻意求新——《近代伊斯兰思潮》序

自２０世纪７０年代末伊朗伊斯兰革命爆发，伊斯兰复兴运动风起云涌、蓬勃发展，席卷了整个穆斯林世界，成为全人类瞩目的国际大事之一，引起各国政治界、新闻界宗教界与学术界的广泛关注和不同反应。这场伊斯兰复兴运动在８０年代中期相对平静了一段时间之后，自８０年代...     

赛典赤·赡思丁对中国伊斯兰教传播的巨大贡献

本文选自作者《伊斯兰教之传入中国及其发展》一书 ,该书于 2 0 0 3年夏季由伊朗东北部霍拉桑省省会马什哈德市阿斯坦·古都斯拉扎维伊斯兰研究基金会出版发行 ,共 36 3页。在此我要衷心感谢中国北京中央民族大学林松教授 ,他于 1 979年1 2月正值纪念赛典赤·赡思丁去世 70 0周年之际 ,在阿拉伯语杂志《中国建设》上发表了一篇题为《赛典赤·赡思丁———一位对中国边疆建设有巨大贡献的穆斯林》的文章 ,这篇文章由穆罕默德·阿里·侯赛尼从阿拉伯语译为波斯语 ,对伊朗和伊斯兰世界人民进一步了解赛典赤起到了重要作用。在这篇文章发表前 ,伊朗学者和研究家只能从拉施特·丁·法兹伦拉·哈玛丹尼的《史集》关于赛典赤的几段叙述中简略了解到在中国这片古老文明的土地上曾生活过一位与我们同根生的历史伟人。今年 3月云南大学与伊朗马什哈德菲尔多西大学和拉扎维伊斯兰大学在伊朗伊斯兰文化联络组织和伊朗驻华大使馆的协助下联合举办赛典赤国际学术会议 ,本人将译作献给大会 ,希望各位专家学者斧正     

波斯苏非与中国塔利格的历史联系

个别学术著述探讨了波斯的伊斯兰文化对中国穆斯林的影响问题,尤其是波斯在地理上作为中国穆斯林社团和伊斯兰世界中心地带之间的交通区域而发挥的桥梁作用问题①。研究结果证明,波斯伊斯兰文化不可避免地对中国的伊斯兰教烙下了明显的印记。东西方的研究成果对波斯语在漫长的历史交互作用中渗透进中国穆斯林的日常生活和宗教活动方面给予了比较充分的关注,但是迄今为止还没有任何著述讨论波斯伊斯兰神秘主义和中国苏非教团(阿拉伯语塔利格Ｔａｒｉｑａ,意思是方法,道路和教团)之间的联系,尤其对波斯苏非派对中国门宦道堂的形成和发展的驱动…     

中国伊斯兰教的社会功能

伊斯兰教传入中国已有1300多年的历史,信仰伊斯兰教的少数民族有10个,人口业已达到2千多万。庞大的穆斯林群体,以统一的宗教信仰为核心,形成了内涵一致,表现多样的伊斯兰文化风韵,极大地丰富了中国传统文化。 伊斯兰作为一种宗教,它的文化、生活方式及其社会制度,对中国10个穆斯林民族的影响是广泛而深入的。本文试图从研究伊斯兰教在中国发展的一般特点出发,着重探讨中国伊斯兰教的诸种社会功能,以就教于伊斯兰教界和学术界的朋友。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.