山东就业:“十五”末和“十一五”期间的形势与对策

“十五”末和“十一五”期间山东劳动力资源供大于求的矛盾突出,就业压力很大。主要表现为:劳动力增长量大于需求量,劳动力总量过剩问题将一直存在;劳动力派生供给造成的就业压力大于新增劳动力产生的压力;就业压力向城镇集中;就业的结构性矛盾突出。面对就业压力,必须最大限度地发挥经济发展对就业的拉动作用,确立经济发展与就业并举的发展方针、“四个突出”的发展政策、保持经济的适度快速增长;要通过优化社会政策选择、创造扩大就业的良好条件与环境,其中主要的是加速城市化进程、深化户籍改革、完善社区功能、强化就业管理和公共就业服务;要适应市场经济条件下就业的新形势、新特点、探索实施符合省情的五大就业促进战略,即灵活就业战略、就业能力提升战略、创业激励战略、国有企事业单位富余人员稳妥分流战略、城乡就业统筹和农村劳动力有序转移战略。     

充分发挥中小企业缓解就业压力的作用--美国中小企业促进就业及其启示

随着我国市场经济的进一步发展 ,就业压力越来越大。如何选择有效途径增加就业 ,不但成为政府的优先目标 ,而且在学术界也引起了广泛深入的探讨。美国长期以来宏观调整的重要目标之一是促进充分就业 ,从中积累了很多经验 ,值得我国借鉴 ,尤其是中小企业在解决社会就业方面所发挥的作用 ,以及社会所营造的促进中小企业发展的环境 ,能够给予我们不少启示     

获取有效就业信息 缓解就业压力

毕业生的就业压力大,已成为不争的事实.获取有效的就业信息,对于毕业生的就业具有重要的意义.全方位、多渠道地获取有效就业信息,充分利用信息获取的主渠道和非主渠道,能缓解毕业生的就业压力.     

对缓解高校毕业生就业压力的对策探究

大学生作为国家重要的人才资源,其就业作为重要民生问题越来越受到党和政府的高度重视,已成为全社会关注的热点。如何缓解高校毕业生的就业压力,本文从政府、用人单位、高校与毕业生个人都是可以作为的观点出发进行探讨,并提出了自己的建议。     

我国就业压力的现状、问题和出路

在不断推进社会主义市场经济发展过程中 ,如何缓解我国巨大规模的就业压力 ,是一个值得研究的课题。本文在分析了我国当前就业压力的现状、问题的基础上 ,提出了缓解我国就业压力的基本思路     

创新就业见习制度 促进大学生就业

大学生就业见习是人才培养的重要实践环节,是缓解就业压力、提供生活补助、促进大学生就业的保障措施。现行就业见习制度缺乏可行的见习规划,存在责任不清、各方积极性不高、岗位技术含量低等问题,制约了见习效果。因此,从制度创新、模式创新和法律创新来保证就业见习制度,从而促进大学生就业。     

非正规就业的经济学分析

非正规就业是在市场机制作用下就业形式的创新。非正规就业对改善我国就业压力,缓解贫困状况,促进劳动力市场的完善及加快我国经济结构调整有着重要的意义。非正规就业的存在有其内在的规律,探求其存在的微观机理是研究非正规就业、更好地推动非正规就业发展的重要步骤。     

高等教育大众化与大学毕业生就业

我国高等教育大众化进程在满足了广大人民群众对高等教育迫切需求的同时,也带来了大学毕业生就业压力逐年增大的突出问题。面对就业压力,进一步完善就业政策,推进人事制度和高等教育改革,健全社会就业服务体系,转变就业观念,是当前应采取的主要策略。     

“嫁碗族”：金饭碗的诱惑

捧着“金饭碗”，公务员找对象更吃香 随着就业压力的不断增大，社会竞争日益激烈。越来越多的人把目光盯在公务员这个工作稳定、待遇有保障的“金饭碗”上。但是，考公务员难于高考和考研，越来越多的人踊跃报考却与公务员无缘。     

大学生非正规就业的经济学分析

继知青返城以及20世纪90年代国企工人下岗的两次就业高峰之后,目前我国又面临着产能过剩所导致的第三次就业高峰。在就业压力日益增大的情况下,非正规就业成为当前大学毕业生的一条重要就业途径,鼓励和引导毕业生按照自身情况参与非正规就业,可以有效缓解目前的就业难问题。     

《大学生就业指导》课程的建设研究

自1999年高校扩招以来,全国大学毕业生数量在逐年递增,就业形势严峻,就业压力较大,如何解决因毕业生数量增加而带来的就业问题,笔者试图从为大学生开展就业指导课程入手,提高大学生的就业能力,帮助大学生形成良好的择业观念,面对学生对就业指导日益增长的迫切需求,加强《大学生就业指导》课程的建设研究,尽快实现该课程的科学性、有效性和规范性。     

Are all jobs created equal? A cross-national analysis of women's employment and child malnutrition in developing countries

Using multi-level models, the analysis examines female employment and child stunting across 49 developing countries. At the country level, female labor force participation is not associated with malnutrition after controlling for economic development. At the individual level, a binary measure of employment is not significantly associated with malnutrition. However, a more nuanced measure of seven occupational categories shows that certain types of employment improve malnutrition. Professional, clerical, sales, and domestic jobs are associated with reduced stunting. These effects are only partially mediated by wealth, perhaps suggesting that some jobs may bring benefits to the household beyond the sheer acquisition of tangible resources. Agricultural jobs are associated with increased malnutrition. Manual labor and service work do not have an effect on malnutrition, compared to unemployment. Thus, women's employment is not necessarily a mechanism for empowerment and wellbeing. Not all jobs are created equal, and many of them do not confer the benefits that are typically associated with working outside the home.     

浅析大学生就业指导工作的现状与对策

随着我国毕业生就业制度和劳动人事制度改革的进一步深化 ,大学生就业正逐步走向市场 ,与之相适应 ,高校应加快职能转变 ,强化就业指导 ,帮助毕业生提高就业水平和就业质量 ,顺利地选择适合自己的职业 ,这既是就业体制改革的需要 ,也是毕业生的强烈愿望。     

大学生全程就业指导工作的思考

本文指出高校应该树立“以生为本”的教育理念,不断加强和改进就业指导工作,注重在学生中开展全程就业指导,帮助学生顺利就业。     

高等教育大众化与高校毕业生就业风险

高等教育作为人类有目的的人力资源的投资活动,受教育者只有充分就业,实现了个人预期价值,才能带来高经济回报。但是随着我国高等教育大众化进程的加快,大学生就业难已经成为高等教育发展中一个不可忽视的问题。国家和高校必须调整高等教育发展规划,适当控制招生比例,保持适度规模,从而降低高校扩招所带来的毕业生就业风险。     

Mothers' work patterns and Children's cognitive achievement: Evidence from the India Human Development survey

As female labor force participation increases globally, the relationship between maternal employment and children's development remains unclear. Using data from the India Human Development Survey (2005), we investigate the link between maternal employment and children's arithmetic and reading achievement. We develop a work pattern typology that goes beyond standard measures of employment and captures work intensity and its compatibility with child-rearing in a transitional economy. We find that the relationship between maternal employment and children's outcomes is not unidimensional. For example, children of self-employed mothers are not disadvantaged compared to those with stay-at-home mothers, but maternal employment in salaried jobs or wage work outside the home is negatively associated with cognitive skills in children. However, this negative association is reversed at higher levels of maternal education, suggesting greater access to resources and flexibility associated with better jobs mitigate the negative aspects of maternal employment posed by time constraints. Additionally, maternal employment is associated with maternal involvement in schoolwork and financial investment in academic activities, providing evidence that both time and resources devoted to children's education are significant.     

影响我国劳动力就业的因素分析及政策选择

当前受劳动力市场中的诸多矛盾及体制性弊端的影响,我国的劳动力就业面临着内部阻力和外部压力,劳动力的就业问题成为影响我国经济发展的突出问题.要妥善解决这一问题,就要求我们实施积极的就业政策,通过创造就业机会、转换就业结构、深化劳动就业体制改革、提高劳动者素质等措施,从根本上提高我国劳动力的就业能力,从而促进我国劳动力的顺利就业与再就业.     

Career pathways for temporary workers: Exploring heterogeneous mobility dynamics with sequence analysis

Because temporary jobs are time-delimited, their implications for workers’ economic security depend not only on their current characteristics, but also their place in longer-term patterns of mobility. Past research has typically asked whether temporary jobs are a bridge to better employment or trap workers in ongoing insecurity, investigating this question by analyzing single transitions. We demonstrate that this approach is ill-suited to assessing the often more complex and turbulent employment patterns characteristic of temporary workers. Our analysis instead employs sequence methods to compare a representative sample of temporary workers’ month-by-month mobility patterns through 8 potential (non)employment states over five years. We derive a typology of trajectories and describe their relative precariousness in relation to employment stability and wage and earnings levels and growth. While some of the pathways correspond quite closely to frameworks used by past research, others reveal new and important distinctions. Multinomial logit models reveal job, employer, and worker characteristics associated with different pathways. Age, gender, and type of temporary work stand out as important factors shaping subsequent mobility patterns.     

我国农民工就业歧视:现状、原因及政策建议

就业是民生之本。农民工问题的核心是农民工就业问题,农民工就业问题的实质是就业歧视。消除就业歧视、实现平等就业是"推动实现更高质量就业"的题中应有之义。进入21世纪以来,我国农民工政策已经趋向相对公平,但是农民工就业歧视问题至今依然没有得到有效解决。我国农民工在就业准入、从事行业、劳动工资、居住条件、工作环境、工作时间、社会保障和职业发展方面遭遇到了歧视性对待。农民工就业歧视产生的原因主要在用人单位、政府和社会三个方面。要消除农民工就业歧视,用人单位必须转变对农民工的歧视观念,规范劳动用工管理制度。政府需要建立健全农民工信息服务平台,完善农民工就业服务体系;加强劳动保障监察,发挥企业工会职能;建立和完善相关法律法规,加大行政执法力度;逐步改革户籍制度,健全社会保障制度。社会各界共同努力,逐步消除社会歧视。