学习、宣传、贯彻实施《社会抚养费征收管理办法》

《社会抚养费征收管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)已自2002年9月1 日起施行。它是为了确保《人口与计划生育法》的顺利实施,维护计划生育基本国策,保护公民的合法权益,实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展的一部重要法规。 一、制定《办法》的指导思想和原则 江泽民同志在2002年中央人口资源环境工作座谈会议上指出:人口问题是制约可持续发展的首     

徐州市计划生育依法行政工作的现状、难点及对策

在依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的大背景下,将人口与计划生育工作全面纳入依法管理的轨道势在必行。本文按照新时期计划生育依法行政工作的新理念、新要求,采取回顾性调查的方法,从分析徐州市计划生育依法行政工作中存在的困难和问题入手,研究探讨进一步加强计划生育依法行政能力建设的对策和措施,以期能对推进计划生育依法行政工作实践,促进计划生育工作思路和工作方法的“两个转变”提供思考和借鉴,从而实现人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调发展和可持续发展。     

省区市领导论人口、抓计生

胡锦涛总书记最近在新一届党中央领导集体召开的人口资源环境工作座谈会上的重要讲话,对做好新世纪新阶段我国的人口资源环境工作,提出了明确的任务和要求,意义十分重大,我们一定要认真学习,深刻领会,抓好贯彻落实。本刊下面发表的一些省区市领导最近关于做好新世纪新阶段的人口和计划生育工作的讲话,可供参考。     

人口计生工作要从一维走向三维——学习中央人口资源环境工作座谈会精神

2004年3月10日,在中央召开的人口资源环境工作座谈会上,胡锦涛总书记强调:“要深刻认识科学发展观对做好人口资源环境工作的重要指导意义,切实做好新形势下的人口资源环境工作”。人口和计划生育工作要集中力量抓三件大事,其中一件大事就是要创新计划生育工作的思路和机制。温     

走“三结合”之路 促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展

走“三结合”之路促进人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展高严计划生育工作同发展经济相结合，同帮助群众勤劳致富奔小康相结合，同建设文明幸福家庭相结合是广大人民群众在实践中创造的一条新的经验。实践证明，它有利于人口与经济、社会、资源、环境的协调发展。为此...     

基层稳定低生育水平的对策

中共中央、国务院《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》,指出稳定低生育水平是今后一个时期重大而艰巨的任务,这完全符合我们广东省顺德市基层的实际情况。 顺德在致力于发展经济的同时,充分重视人口与计划生育工作,连续十年全面完成了上级下达的人口计划和计划生育各项任务。近几年来,顺德的人口出生率、人口自然增长率、计划生育率基本分别稳定在１１‰、６‰、９０％左右,２０００年度全市人口出生率为１１．８５‰,人口自然增长率为６．２１‰,计划生育率为９０．８％,人口的总和生育率维持在更替水平以下。但…     

依法行政护国策 优质服务惠民生

2015年1月26日,湖北省计划生育工作会议在武汉召开,分析人口计生工作面临的新形势、新任务、新要求,安排部署2015年人口计生工作。省长王国生强调,主动适应人口发展新常态,深入推进计划生育依法治理,促进全省人口长期均衡发展。王国生指出,人口计生工作是一项系统工程,要把人口、资源、环境、社会发展指标视同发展指标进行落实,促进人口与经济社会相协调、与资源环境相适应。一要提高计划生育依法治理水平。落实行政执法责任制和便民服务的各     

人口、环境、资源与社会发展相协调的问题与对策──全国“人口与环境”学术讨论会综述

人口、环境、资源与社会发展相协调的问题与对策──全国“人口与环境”学术讨论会综述由中国人口学会委托人口生态专业委员会举办的第一界“全国人口与环境学术讨论会”于１９９３年８月２６～２８日在兰州大学逸夫科学馆举行。全国高校系统、党校系统、计划生育系统的６...     

强化四个观念 抓紧抓好人口与计划生育工作

在今年中央召开的人口资源环境座谈会上,江总书记发表了重要讲话,进一步强调人口资源环境工作的重要性,对新时期人口与计划生育工作提出了新的要求,作出了新的部署,是我们抓     

姜春云同志在地方人口与计划生育立法工作座谈会上的讲话

《人口与计划生育法》的出台是我国人口与计划生育发展史上的一件大事，也是我国民主法制建设的一件大事。在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上，江泽民总书记和朱镕基总理就人口与计划生育工作及其法制建设作了重要讲话，我们要认真贯彻落实。当前要大力宣传《人口与计划生育法》，抓紧人口与计划生育法规的修订或制定工作，为这部重要法律的实施做好准备工作。 一、充分认识颁布实施《人口与计划生育法》的重大意义 人口多、资源相对短缺是我国最基本、最重要的国情，是制约国民经济和社会发展、实现可持续发展的关键因素。党中央三代领导集体…     

论陕西省人口的低生育率水平

自70年代初大力推行计划生育以来,陕西的计划生育工作取得了巨大成就,人口过快增长的现象得到了有效控制,实现了人口再生产类型的转变,进入到低生育水平时期。21世纪初,中央作出了《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》,提出了新时期人口与计划生育工作的主要任务是转向稳定低生育水平,提高出生人口素质。如何按照中央的要求进一步做好人口与计划生育工作,本文就陕西的低生育水平现状、存在问题及稳定低生育水平的不利因素作了进一步的分析研究,强调要充分认识到人口与计划生育工作的长期性、严峻性和复杂性,必须克服盲目乐观情绪,保持清醒头脑,坚持以人为本,提高计划生育服务质量和管理水平,才能保证低生育水平的稳定,促进人口与经济社会资源协调发展与可持续发展。     

Speech at the UN International Conference on Population,Mexico City,August, 1984

In seeking a solution to its population problem, China, as a developing socialist country, has been making unremitting efforts to develop economy while controlling the rapid growth. The objective is to control rapid population growth so that population growth may be in keeping with socioeconomic development and commensurate with utilization of natural resources and environmental protection. In the past decade, and particularly since 1979, China has made much progress in developing economy and gained remarkable successes in controlling population growth. The natural population growth rate dropped to 1.15% in 1983, from 2.089% in 1973. Living standards have improved with a gradual annual increase of per capita income. All this proves that the policy of promoting family planning to control population growth along with planned economic development is correct. In China family planning is a basic state policy. The government has advocated the practice of "1 couple, 1 child" since 1979. This does not mean that 1 couple could have 1 child only in every case. The government provides guidance for the implementation of family planning programs in the light of specific conditions such as economic developments, cultural background, population structure, and the wishes of the people in different localities. The requirements are more flexible in rural than in urban areas and more so among the people of national minorities than among the people of the Han Nationality. In rural areas, couples who have actual difficulties and want to have 2 children may have a 2nd birth with planned spacing. In carrying out its family planning program, China has consistently adhered to the principle of integrating state guidance with the masses' voluntariness. The government has always emphasized the importance of encouraging the people's own initiatives, through publicity and education, which is the key link in implementing the family planning program.     

现行中国计划生育政策对中国人口安全的影响

本文从人口安全的定义出发,简单的分析了我国在发展中所面临的主要人口安全问题,并发现这些问题大部分都与我国的计划生育政策有着密切的关系。简要地阐述了我国现行计划生育政策的发展产生过程和主要内容。结合我国现行的“晚婚、晚育、少生、优生”的计划生育政策和我国主要的人口安全问题,从人口结构和人口素质两个方面,重点分析了我国计划生育政策对人口安全的影响。最后得出结论,要抓住现在的机遇期,调整现行的人口政策,最终实现中国人口与社会、经济、资源以及环境的协调可持续发展。     

Thinking about several problems of the research of our family planning strategy]

On the basis of 1982 census data, it is estimated that from 1987-1997 13 million women will enter the age of marriage and child-bearing each year. The tasks of keeping the population size around 1.2 billion by the year 2000 is arduous. Great efforts have to be made to continue encouraging one child/couple, and to pursue the current plans and policies and maintain strict control over fertility. Keeping population growth in pace with economic growth, environment, ecological balance, availability of per capita resources, education programs, employment capability, health services, maternal and child care, social welfare and social security should be a component of the long term development strategy of the country. Family planning is a comprehensive program which involves long cycles and complicated factors, viewpoints of expediency in guiding policy and program formulation for short term benefits are inappropriate. The emphasis of family planning program strategy should be placed on the rural areas where the majority of population reside. Specifically, the major aspects of strategic thrusts should be the linkage between policy implementation and reception, between family planning publicity and changes of ideation on fertility; the integrated urban and rural program management relating to migration and differentiation of policy towards minority population and areas in different economic development stages. In order to achieve the above strategies, several measures are proposed. (1) strengthening family planning program and organization structure; (2) providing information on population and contraception; (3) establishing family planning program network for infiltration effects; (4) using government financing, taxation, loan, social welfare and penalty to regulate fertility motivations; (5) improving the system of target allocation and data reporting to facilitate program implementation; (6) strengthening population projection and policy research; (7) and strengthening training of family planning personnel to improve program efficiency.     

Searching for balanced development

It is significant in China, as the day of 5 billion is commemorated, that the Government has shown its full committment to a family planning program that has been internationally acknowledged as one of the most successful efforts in the world today. Since 1979, the annual population growth rate in China has gone down from 2.7% to an annual average of around 1.2%. In fact, because China makes up more than 1/5 of the world's population, the overall growth rate achieved worldwide has been reduced to about 2%. This is heavily due to the achievements of the Chinese family planning program. Even as China has lowered its birthrate, its rate of agricultural production has rapidly risen. At present, China is doing well in grain production. Although the per capita income in China is still comparatively low, the country is able to feed its citizens, and the famines that used to be a big problem are now but a bad memory. As the close relationship between population and development is observed, there is some controversy about the effects and impact of family planning on development. The belief is held that the more people there are in this world, the more progress there will be because more brains, hands, and energy will be harnessed for development. As has also been noted, however, a person is not just head and hands--a person has a mouth to feed, as well. Thus, there is a need to balance the number of people with the resources of the society. If the rate of population growth outstrips economic and social production, then hunger and poverty will result, as the fruits of development will be eaten up too rapidly.     

Economic development and fertility decline: lessons from Asia's newly industrialized countries

The general thesis that economic development and fertility decline are interrelated is substantiated in literature that discusses the successes of the newly industrialized countries of Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. When countries are developing rapidly, family planning accelerates the rate of fertility change, particularly among the poor uneducated rural population. Relying on economic and social development is not enough. National policy in Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, and Taiwan recognized that population growth drains resources and the family planning programs operating since the 1960s contributed to a drop from 5 children/woman to 2 by 1988, and 70% of married couples used contraception. Coupled with this, age at marriage rose, contraception became more available, and educational and employment opportunities increased. Economically, the growth rate in the 1980's was 6-10% annually, with growth in the manufacturing and service sectors and export trade. Close economic ties evolved between governments and private sectors. Social development programs had been fully funded and gains evident in education, living standards, health care and nutrition, and life expectancy. The success of family planning is attributed to encouraging contraceptive awareness and use. Fertility reduction may occur with social and economic development, but no developing countries have reduced fertility without family planning. The relative importance of family planning may change over time, and reducing the cost through government sponsored family planning programs and encouraging the acceptability of contraceptive usage.     

Population and housing

The analysis described here was carried out in response to a political crisis in Australia. In 1994, a Member of Parliament who opposed the use of foreign aid funds for family planning programs blocked the passage of the national budget. The impasse was resolved through a compromise. The use of foreign assistance for population activities was frozen pending an independent inquiry into the impact of population on economic development. A team of nine researchers prepared background papers on population and economic development, health, education, food supply, housing, poverty, the environment, family planning, and human rights. The overall conclusion of the inquiry was that slower population growth will yield more rapid development in most countries, especially in relatively poor, agricultural nations. The purpose of this contribution to the inquiry was to assess how population growth was affecting the housing sector and, in turn, economic development. Among other questions, does population growth increase the demand for residential land, housing, and urban infrastructure? Demographic methods were critical to answering the questions, especially assessing the impact of population growth on the demand for housing.     

韩国人口政策及其对中国农村人口政策的启示

韩国的人口政策经历了由控制人口增长的计划生育政策到鼓励人口增长的新人口政策的转变,成功控制了人口的快速增长。缓解了人口与经济、社会资源、环境之间的矛盾,但也引起了人口老龄化、出生婴儿性别比失调等一系列社会问题。这些社会问题如今也正在中国农村上演。如能借鉴立法先行、大力发展社会福利事业、善于运用经济杠杆等经验,对维持中国农村人口的低出生率,抑制出生婴儿性别比例失调和人口老龄化的加剧具有积极的意义。     

对甘肃新农村建设与人口计划生育管理和控制的思考

本文从甘肃省推进社会主义新农村建设进程中,对人口总量控制和人口素质提高方面,从加强农村计划生育服务设施建设,继续稳定农村低生育水平;增加扶贫投入,完善管理机制,提高使用效益;建立以政府投入为主渠道的事业投入保障机制,提高人口与计划生育经费投入的总体水平等方面进行论述。要着力解决好人口资源环境和经济社会发展之间的矛盾。     

人口、资源、环境与中国可持续发展

中国人口规模过大,素质偏低,自然资源相对短缺,生态环境形势严峻,已不同程度影响了经济社会的可持续发展。为此,我们必须切实加强人口控制,节约珍惜一切资源,开发利用海洋资源和可再生性能源,坚持以防为主、防治结合原则,保护和改善生态环境,努力促进人口、资源、环境与经济、社会的可持续发展。