Socioeconomic status, sexual behavior, and differential AIDS mortality: evidence from Côte d’Ivoire

Lack of knowledge about differential AIDS mortality seriously hampers the study of the economic impact of AIDS in developing countries. We derive HIV infection risk differentials by age, education, and other microeconomic characteristics using the Ivorian Demographic and Health Survey. Our model is based on econometrically estimated equations using commonly available variables, therefore it can be used whenever such a survey is available but there is no representative information about HIV infection by socioeconomic group. For instance, we found that educated people have a higher risk of HIV infection, because they are more likely to have several sexual partners. However, this effect is partly offset by a higher probability of condom use relative to less educated people. The identification of the socioeconomic characteristics of low and high risk groups seems indispensable to set up adequate AIDS prevention and therapy policies in developing countries.

AIDS, “reversal” of the demographic transition and economic development: evidence from Africa

Using country- and region-level data, I investigate the effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility in Africa during 1985–2000. Results differ depending on the variation used and the estimation method. Between estimates that exploit cross-sectional variation suggest a positive significant effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility, whereas within estimates that are identified of off time-series variation show both positive and negative results depending on the HIV/AIDS variable used. These within estimates are insignificant in most of the specifications.     

Shanghai Maps Out First HIV／AIDS Prevention and Control Regulation

In 2005, Shanghai, a mega city with a population of 16million, will map out its first regulation on HIV/AIDSprevention and control to protect the legal rights ofHIV/AIDS carriers.An thorough investigation has been conducted in 2004and a team of local legislative, medical experts,government officials and related members have reviseda draft regulation that will be submitted to theMunicipal People's Congress for review in March 2005.The regulation will highlight the legal rights ofHIV/AI…     

Publicity and Education on Prevention of AIDS: A Baseline Survey

As one of the leading killers in the world, AIDS has taken its toll in China, too. Experts estimate that the number of HIV carriers in China has exceeded 600,000 and the situation is aggravating due to a lack of knowledge and information among the general public on prevention and treatment of the deadly disease. In view of this, in December 2000, the State Family Planning Commission of China (SFPC), commissioned by UNECEF, Ford Foundation and UNAIDS, conducted a baseline survey …     

China and the EU Cooperate in a Community-based AIDS Prevention Project

A European Union-supported project was officially launched recently in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province to help the Chinese government effectively control the spread of STDs and AIDS. The purpose of this project is to provide basic medical services through the community health service network to high-risk groups so that they can receive affordable and timely treatment at the grassroots level. This practice has proven to be very successful in Tanzania and some other countries and has helped t…     

Changes in HIV/AIDS knowledge and testing behavior in Africa: how much and for whom?

Demographic and Health Survey data from nine African countries make it clear that HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge has been increasing. Still, in many cases, fewer than half of adult respondents can identify specific prevention behaviors. Knowledge is lowest in rural areas and among women. HIV testing generally remains rare but is highly variable across countries, likely reflecting differences in the supply of testing services. In most cases, schooling and wealth impacts on prevention knowledge have either been stable or have increased; hence, in the majority of contexts, initial disparities in knowledge by education and wealth levels have persisted or widened.

AIDS Report from China

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AIDS与人口安全

本文主要论述了AIDS对人口数量、质量、人口结构及负担系数等带来的重大影响,以期加强我国对AIDS对人口安全的影响和关注。     

Information,Education and Communication

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Marital Status and Mothers’ Time Use: Childcare,Housework, Leisure,and Sleep

Assumptions that single mothers are “time poor” compared with married mothers are ubiquitous. We tested theorized associations derived from the time poverty thesis and the gender perspective using the 2003–2012 American Time Use Surveys (ATUS). We found marital status differentiated housework, leisure, and sleep time, but did not influence the amount of time that mothers provided childcare. Net of the number of employment hours, married mothers did more housework and slept less than never-married and divorced mothers, counter to expectations of the time poverty thesis. Never-married and cohabiting mothers reported more total and more sedentary leisure time than married mothers. We assessed the influence of demographic differences among mothers to account for variation in their time use by marital status. Compositional differences explained more than two-thirds of the variance in sedentary leisure time between married and never-married mothers, but only one-third of the variance between married and cohabiting mothers. The larger unexplained gap in leisure quality between cohabiting and married mothers is consistent with the gender perspective.     

Higher Public Tolerance Toward AIDS

As AIDS takes its toll in China, public awareness of AIDS is increasing and attitude toward AIDS becoming more tolerant. Officials with the Beijing Public Health Bureau announced that the number of HIV carriers now reaches two per 10,000 people. The city has a permanent population of over 10 million. A recent survey of 200 households in Beijing found that 57% of those polled said they would understand and care for AIDS patients regardless of the cause; 44% were sympathetic; 3…     

AIDS Situation Severe in Asia-Pacific

In its Global AIDS Report for 2002 released on July 2, 2002, the UNAIDS said that AIDS had spread to every corner of the Asia-Pacific region and was rampant in some areas. According to Sandro Calvani, chair of the UN Asia-Pacific AIDS subcommittee, the number of AIDS patients in Asia-Pacific had reached 6.6 million by the end of last year, only next to sub-Sahara. In 2001 alone, one million were added to the total number. India ranked the second in the world with 3.97 million A…     

HIV/AIDS in China

Status QuoAn epidemiological survey jointly conducted by China and the WHO and UNAIDS indicates that China now has 840,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, 80,000 of whom are AIDS patients. Although this figure translates into a mere 0.6‰ of the country's total population, the total number comes the second place in Asia and the 14th in the world. The prevalence rate among adults is less than 0.1%, but the epidemic has been found in all the 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of the country and the number of newly-infected people is increasing fast. Major methods of HIV transmission include drug-taking, blood donation (a major means of living for farmers in some impoverished regions) and sex.     

Focus on AIDS Vaccine Study

DevelopingawidelyadaptableAIDSvaccineisthegoalofscientistswhofightagainstglobalproliferationofthedeadlydisease.NoW,somearefocusingtheirstudyonChina,believingthatthecountrymaybetheperfectpartnerforacollaborationinvaccineresearch.AninternationalAIDSvac...     

Race,Place, and Veteran Status: Migration among Black and White Men, 1940–2000

In this paper, I gauge the impact of veteran status on migration probabilities for black and white men in the late 20th century United States, comparing cohorts that were subject to various military staffing policies. I find that white veterans are more likely than are white non-veterans to live outside the state of their birth and to have recently migrated. These effects persist regardless of whether veterans were subject to the draft or the All Volunteer Force staffing policy, and are durable across the life course. Among blacks, elevated rates of veterans’ migration are first observed in 1980. These results illuminate a previously unidentified consequence of veteran status, and may point to a policy-linked mechanism through which prior military employment influences social mobility, the American labor force is redistributed, and the racial composition of states and localities is altered.     

Greater Efforts to Combat AIDS

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World Conference on AIDS Prevention

On July 7, 2002, the 14th World Conference on AIDS was opened in Bacelona, Spain. Themed 揔nowledge and Action Commitment? the objective of the conference was to urge governments to take up the responsibility to combat AIDS. A total of 15,000 people attended the conference, including government representatives, scientists, medical workers and social workers from all over the world. The Chinese delegation was headed by vice health minister Ma Xiaowei. During the five-day conference, p…     

Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic

According to a report published by the PopulationReference Bureau (PRB), an estimated number of 40million people were living with HIV/AIDS by theend of 2001. Sub-Saharan Africa, with less than 11%of the world's population, contains more than 70% ofall HIV-infected people. But no region is unaffected:Adults and children with HIV/AIDS number morethan 28 million in sub-Saharan Africa, 7 million inAsia, 2 million in Latin America and the Caribbean,and another 3 million in other regions. UNAIDSestimates that 5 million people became infected withHIV in 2001, more than replacing the estimated 3million people who died from the disease during theyear.     

Children’s educational attainment,occupation, and income and their parents’ mortality

Using data from Finland, this paper contributes to a small but growing body of research regarding adult children's education, occupation, and income and their parents' mortality at ages 50+ in 1970–2007. Higher levels of children's education are associated with 30–36 per cent lower parental mortality at ages 50–75, controlling for parents' education, occupation, and income. This association is fully mediated by children's occupation and income, except for cancer mortality. Having at least one child educated in healthcare is associated with 11–16 per cent lower all-cause mortality at ages 50–75, an association that is largely driven by mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Children's higher white-collar occupation and higher income is associated with 39–46 per cent lower mortality in the fully adjusted models. At ages 75+, these associations are much smaller overall and children's schooling remains more strongly associated with mortality than children's occupation or income.     

‘Facework’, Flow and the City: Simmel,Goffman, and Mobility in the Contemporary City

This paper contains a re‐reading of Simmel and Goffman with an eye to the mobility practices of the contemporary city. The paper offers a ‘new’ perspective on mobility in the contemporary city by re‐reading two sociological ‘classics’ as there is a need to conceptualise the everyday level of flow and mobility in the midst of an intellectual climate dominated by grand theories of networks and globalisation. In the re‐reading of Simmel and Goffman, the aim is to reach an understanding of how contemporary material mobility flows and symbolic orders and meanings are produced and re‐produced. You may argue that other academic disciplines such as anthropology and human geography have made important contributions to this understanding. What has not been done, however, is to show how these two sociological thinkers can move beyond mere application to this field of study. With their sociological sensitivity, they rather carry important insights that will benefit the sociology of mobility. Arguably Simmel and Goffman offer the opportunity to connect the global flows to the everyday level of social practice, as well as linking more basic/classic sociological theory to contemporary issues of mobility. The reason to ‘look back’ is therefore to capture some of the past's ‘sociological imagination’ and relate it to an important social phenomenon of the present.