中国小说的休闲文化景观研究——以二十世纪五十至八十年代为中心

文化景观是自然景观与人类文化相互作用、相互影响的结果,是自然因素与人文因素的复合体.文学意义上的文化景观是指文学作品中呈现出的迥异的文本特征与文化内涵,休闲文化景观则是文学作品中展现出的不同的休闲文化类型.20世纪50-80年代中国小说流派异彩纷呈,抗战小说、伤痕小说、改革小说、乡土小说与都市小说分别展现出悠游自适、苦中作乐、忙里偷闲、纵情恣意和自得其乐的休闲文化景观类型.这5种休闲文化景观体现着不同的休闲姿态、休闲气质、休闲立场、休闲气度与休闲格调,同时它们分别与五行学说中的水、金、木、土、火的特征不谋而合,凸显了中国当代小说和谐统一的精神特质.     

文旅融合背景下休闲产业中的休闲美学与休闲美育

文旅融合使得“诗和远方”走到一起,促使休闲产业繁荣。休闲产业建构了新的休闲美学体验场景,提升了人们对文旅休闲的文化内涵追求和审美价值追寻,开辟了休闲美学之境,提供了休闲美学研究的新领域。休闲美育是一种覆盖面大、方式多元的社会美育,对社会文明程度的提高具有重要作用。有助于实现人的全面发展是休闲乃至休闲美育最终的价值旨归。在文旅融合繁荣休闲产业的背景下,休闲产业应发挥休闲美育功能,使人在“美的休闲”中感受“休闲的美”。为此,要关注休闲异化现象,通过休闲美育来引导民众形成健康良好的审美观与休闲观;要使休闲产业在产品与项目的创意、包装和科技运用等方面注重折射美与文化的张力。文旅融合背景下休闲美育的发展应认同“玩物适情”,以解蔽认识局限为价值根据;保障时间空间,以解困时空局限为先置条件;丰富产品供给,以解除选择局限为品质依托;体悟自由之美,以解脱生存局限为根本追寻。     

当代休闲文化透视

如今，倘若要列举一组使用频率最高的传媒语言，休闲恐怕得算其中之一。在工业化和都市化热潮一浪高过一浪的当代我国，特别是一些经济较为发达地区，休闲清风正悠悠向人民大众吹来，以至于成了决不能漠视的社会存在，并逼迫理论工作者去思考其内蕴的文化意味。休闲，作为社会文化现象，至少在三个层面展示出来。首先是器物层面，即可见可闻的自然或人工化的物态，如蓝天流云，幽谷清溪，休闲服饰、休闲食品、休闲沙发。其次是制度层面，即以体制法规为核心的社会状态，如双休日，年度带薪休假周，工会会员轮流易地体闲疗养。第三是思想行为…     

我国城市休闲经济规模发展及产业化趋势

公共休闲产业与商业休闲产业构成了城市休闲产业的整体。随着社会经济发展和改革开放的深入,在休闲经济总量、社会休闲度、对外开放度、休闲国际化程度等多因素的共同作用下,我国城市休闲经济规模仍将保持继续扩大态势。但受社会文化观念、管理体制和经营机制等多方面制约,我国城市休闲经济仍需加快产业化进程。在统筹总量契合度、内部协调度以及高级化程度三大指标合理确定城市休闲产业规模的同时,应制定休闲产业发展规划,确立政府主导地位,在明确政府协助协调提供公共休闲服务的同时,积极实施休闲产业投资和经营主体多元化策略,培植新兴休闲产业和休闲市场,促进休闲产业朝着大众化、健康化以及人文化趋势的方向发展。     

劳动者休息权的民生视阈

带薪休假是对劳动者休息权的确认。休息权是劳动者最现实、最根本的权利之一,它与劳动权相辅相成,不可或缺。改善民生,必须尊重并维护劳动者休息权。这是因为:只有尊重劳动者休息权,才能赋予其生命意义,才能改善其生存状况,才能提升其生活质量,才能保证其生产效率。而休闲是劳动者获得休息权的集中体现,政府作为改善民生的主体,应创造条件,积极引导休闲。具体为:开展休闲教育,普及休闲文化,引导公众树立积极、健康、向上的休闲理念;发展经济,千方百计增加城乡居民收入,使休闲消费成为可能,进而使改革发展成果惠及全体人民;以创新为依托,开发形式多样的休闲产品,满足劳动者多元化的消费需求;构建休闲配套体系,提高休闲服务质量和水平。     

论休闲、休闲经济与和谐社会

在人生过程中,休闲与劳动具有同样的价值。一个社会、一个国家的休闲水平,不仅表现着社会生产力发展的水平,而且也代表着这个国家和社会对人的生命活动的目的和终极关怀的认识程度。伴随着人们休闲时间的增多和休闲需求的增加,休闲经济应运而生并且呈现出蓬勃发展的态势。在构建社会主义和谐社会这一艰巨而复杂的系统工程中,作为人类社会发展所追求目标之一的休闲和以人文关怀为特征的休闲经济是和谐社会经济发展的助推器、政治发展的润滑剂、文化发展的动力源和人的全面发展的提升仪,对于构建社会主义和谐社会有着十分重要的意义。     

环境制约与农村庙会生态适应性研究

庙会文化中,人与自然、人与社会相互协调和适应才是和谐的一种生态关系。庙会文化发展顺应地理环境制约促使其强化了物物交换的贸易往来,并从地理分布上适应生态环境需要。经过时代变迁,庙会文化也顺应了人们对休闲文化的需求,但是,过分的创意和庙会环境使用的恶意透支损害了庙会的生态环境。     

澳大利亚休闲渔业政策与管理制度及其对我国的启示

休闲渔业在澳大利亚社会生活中举足轻重,国民广泛参与。鉴于澳大利亚独特的自然条件和国情,其休闲渔业的显著特点呈现为资源丰富、政策多样、管理分层。澳大利亚出台了《全国休闲渔业与运动渔业行为准则》《澳大利亚休闲渔业——2011年及未来:全国休闲渔业行业发展战略》等,以保护生态环境,扩大休闲渔业资源,提高休闲渔业在社会生活中的整体地位,加强公众教育和行业规范。各州和领地政府对本辖区内的休闲渔业负有直接监管责任,最常见的管理办法是许可执照制,以及对渔获品种、数量、规格、渔期和渔区的限制,各州和领地均在政府网站上适时公布最新信息。对我国的启示一是要采取多种措施鼓励我国民众参与休闲渔业活动,特别是鼓励少年儿童更多地参与进来;二是适时地开展休闲渔业执照制度的试点工作;三是及时制定休闲渔业的法律法规。     

宋代都市休闲体育文化的繁盛及对现代体育的启示

运用文献资料和逻辑分析的方法,对《东京梦华录》《都城纪胜》《繁胜录》《梦粱录》和《武林旧事》等宋代史料进行梳理,我们可以管窥到宋代都市休闲体育文化活动繁荣发展的状况,以及在中国传统文化高峰时期都市休闲体育发展繁盛的主要动因。在当今愈来愈强劲的全民健身浪潮中,如何在传承和弘扬中国古代体育文化精髓的前提下,寻求体育文化在现代社会的创新与发展,推动民族文化和社会经济的发展与进步,则是值得深入研究的课题。     

对乡村集市休闲旅游资源开发的初步探讨

我国乡村集市浓缩了当地的历史变迁、文化传统、民风习俗等,在农村地区的经济、社会与文化发展中,乡村集市发挥着独特而重要的作用,其可用于开发休闲旅游业的潜在资源也非常丰富,包括街头杂耍表演、特色风味小吃、民间传统手工技艺、当地聚居建筑等.我国体闲旅游产业刚刚起步,发展乡村集市休闲旅游不仅有着广阔的市场,也能够极大丰富我国的旅游市场,并对繁荣我国农村经济、推动新农村建设具有重要意义.开发乡村集市休闲旅游也是我国发展旅游业的一项新课题,在理论研究领域,亟须加强对乡村集市休闲旅游的市场定位、资源类别、产品开发等方面的探讨,以引导和规范乡村集市休闲旅游业发展.     

Social Participation and Family Welfare: The Money and Time Costs of Leisure in Australia

The concept of social exclusion has become a central organizing concept in social policy research. Indeed "social exclusion" has displaced many of the terms formerly in use, such as "inequality", "deprivation" and "poverty". Social exclusion is a multidimensional concept embracing economic, social and political deprivations, that alerts us to the significance of social identity, culture, agency and, ultimately, power relations. In contrast to some earlier research traditions, the perspective of social exclusion draws our attention to how people can be "shut out of society" by their inability to participate in customary leisure activities. The ability to participate in leisure is the product of both access to leisure goods and services, and a sufficient quantity of leisure time. An analysis of Australian Household Expenditure Survey data shows that the consumption of leisure goods and services is powerfully determined by income. Consequently, low income can lead to exclusion from leisure participation. However, analysis of Time Use Survey data also shows that access to time for leisure participation is most powerfully determined by hours of employment, family responsibilities and gender. After controlling for working hours, household income has no significant effect on available leisure time. A leisure-time poverty line, based on half-median leisure time, is used to show which groups are most excluded from leisure by time constraints. The paper concludes by considering a range of policies to alleviate social exclusion from leisure participation.     

Participation in leisure activities by Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community

Azaiza F, Rimmerman A, Croitoru T, Naon D. Participation in leisure activities by Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 97–103 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The present research study examined factors affecting participation in leisure activities of Arab adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community, via the conceptual frame of the ICF (International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health). The research was based on a secondary analysis of data taken from a nationwide survey, thus being the first of its kind. The factors examined were bodily functions (health condition, physical functioning and cognitive functioning); activities (activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living); participation in employment; and the environmental factor of service utilisation (N= 153). The findings reveal interesting patterns regarding the roles of physical functioning and cognitive functioning in participation in leisure activities. These findings are discussed in relation to previous findings and cultural characteristics with reference to socio‐economic disparities.     

农村老年人口闲暇生活状况与影响因素分析——基于湖北省长阳县农村调查数据

随着人口老龄化的到来,农村老年人生活质量与闲暇生活问题日益突显。本文运用实证研究方法,通过对湖北省长阳县387名农村老年人的问卷调查与结构式访谈,运用单变量描述性统计分析和双变量交互分析,探讨当前农村老年人的闲暇生活状况,发现农村老年人闲暇生活普遍不丰富;文化程度、收入状况、照顾孙辈与农村老年人闲暇生活质量关联颇深,而性别、田间劳作与农村老年人闲暇生活质量不存在明显关系。在此分析的基础上,本文还提出提高农村老年人闲暇生活质量的一些建议,从而促进新农村建设。     

运动休闲的渊源及其激励效应

对休闲时间,大部分人都处于放任随性的状态,缺乏理性的规划。爱因斯坦说过：人的差异在于业余时间。随着休闲时代的到来,提高人们休闲生活的质量是现代生活方式的重要内容。研究运动休闲,从价值观和价值取向上,引导人们积极进行运动休闲,有助于养成个体健康的生活方式,培养休闲性的创新意识,并将休闲运动作为人力资本投资的形式,以鼓励社会网络支持运动休闲,有利于促进和谐社区的建设。     

Leisure Policy in France and the Reduction of Social Inequalities

In contemporary French society, despite extensive government intervention over the past half centuv, differential access to free time and to leisure facilities, together with differences in attitudes towards participation in cultural activities, remain good indicators of the social inequalities associated with gender, age, educational training, socio-occupational status and regional origins. Thejndings from recent government-sponsored national surueys and from other smaller scale empirical research highlight some of the most salient cultural inequalities persisting in leisure behaviour in France today. The evidence suggests that gender deferences, while still acting as one of the main discriminators in leisure behaviour, are most meaningful when considered in relation to age, correlated in turn with the level of educational attainment, family circumstances and socio-occupational status. A survey of the leisure policies pursued ly successive French governments in the post-war period demonstrates how the state has intervened increasingly with the overt objective of reducing social inequalities and breaking down the traditional cultural and economic barriers affecting access to leisure.     

北京市老年人休闲生活研究

本文基于对北京市老年人休闲生活的抽样调查数据,描绘了老年人日常休闲活动的日程安排;概述了老年人在体育、文娱兴趣、学习、公益及旅行游玩5大类休闲活动的参与情况;采用聚类分析的方法将老年人口及其休闲行为分成3个类别,并进行了类间比较;探讨了伴侣、子女及友人等在休闲和日常生活中的陪伴对老年人社会支持的提升以及对休闲生活品质的促进作用。     

休闲农业在我国山区经济发展中的潜力分析

山区发展休闲农业潜力非常大,全国大多数大中城市周边农村都有发展休闲农业的条件。山区农村的生态环境是发展农村经济最好的资源,是发展休闲农业的生产资本,可以容纳一大批农民当地就业,可以大幅度增加农民收入,是一种新兴产业,是现代农业的重要组成部分,是解决三农问题的一种重要途径。农村现有的土地山林和生态环境是发展休闲农业产业的固定生产资本之一,农家小楼的投资建设加上生态环境构成完整的休闲农业的固定生产资本,其投资应该由国家财政来解决。农业财政方针转变为资本性投资功能,解决多年以来农业生产资本增长缓慢问题,国家应该承担投资的风险。只有劳动者获得所需要的生产资本才能够进行扩大再生产,才能够不断扩大农民增收的源泉。     

Leisure Education

This article presents the concept of using leisure time as a potential coping resource for family caregivers of impaired older persons, that could be facilitated through a leisure education program within a caregiver support group. Included is a review of literature relevant to stresses of caregivlng, barriers to caregivers' leisure involvement, and rationale for a leisure education program within a family caregiver support group. It is suggested that leisure education programs be based on the Peterson and Gunn leisure education model which consist of four components: leisure awareness, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and social skills. Each component is considered in relation to caregivers' situations. Reasons for caregivers' resistance to intervention and outreach techniques are also discussed.     

Conceptualizing Age-Friendly Community Characteristics in a Sample of Urban Elders: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

Accurate conceptualization and measurement of age-friendly community characteristics would help to reduce barriers to documenting the effects on elders of interventions to create such communities. This article contributes to the measurement of age-friendly communities through an exploratory factor analysis of items reflecting an existing US Environmental Protection Agency policy framework. From a sample of urban elders (n?=?1,376), we identified 6 factors associated with demographic and health characteristics: access to business and leisure, social interaction, access to health care, neighborhood problems, social support, and community engagement. Future research should explore the effects of these factors across contexts and populations.     

信息技术对休闲的双重效应

休闲是一个历史性的范畴。不同的历史时期它的内涵和表现方式是不一样的。信息技术使人的智力和体力获得了全方位解放的同时 ,也把人的休闲推到一个新境界。但信息技术的作用是双重的 ,它在促进休闲得以发展的同时 ,也带来了休闲的异化。提高主体各方面的能力 ,以克服信息技术对休闲的消极影响 ,这是个不可忽视的问题。