Chinese Shihua~1 and Its Japanese Counterpart

IJapaneseshiwahasaverylonghistory,andithasbeengenerallyacceptedthatitoriginatedduringtheHeianperiod(794-1192)withtheappearanceoftheJapaneseBuddhistmonkKukai'sworkBunkyohifuron(文镜秘府).Althoughthisviewhasprevailediniapaneseacademiccircles,itisasfancifulastheChineseclaimthatChineseshihuaoriginatedinoneofthenation'sthreeearliestdynasties-theXia(c.2100-1600BC),theShang(c.1600-1100BC),ortheZhou(c.1100-256BC).InTheStudyofChineseShihua,FunatsuFuhiko.acelebratedcontemporaryJapaneseshihuaspe…     

《全宋词》龚日昇小传辑补

宋末士大夫词人龚日昇,<宋史>及清陆心源<宋史翼>均未立传.<全宋词>龚氏小传因属草创,故甚简略,兹予辑补.日昇,或作"日升".字子辉.号竹芗,或作"竹乡",作"竹卿"者误.隆兴府南昌县(今属江西)人.生于宁宗嘉定十二年(1219)前.理宗嘉熙二年(1238)进士.理宗景定三年(1262),已知吉州庐陵县(已废入今江西吉安市).五年(1264),已任监察御史.度宗成淳五年(1269)至八年(1272),知常德府(今湖南常德一带).八年,已提举荆湖北路常平茶盐公事.帝昺祥兴元年(1278)冬,从帝禺于屋山.二年(1279)二月,元军破厓山,阚家赴海.不得死.只身辗转归乡,隐姓埋名,屏居乡野,以宋遗民终其身.     

Confucius's Expectations of Poetry

InhisAnalects(Lunyu),Confucius(551-479BC)placedequalemphasisonnytry,andritesandmusicintermsofpersonalcultivation(xiushen).Asisknownfromhistory,poetrywasextremelypopularinancientChinaforitssocial,aestheticandmoralimport.Itspopularitywas,sotospeak,largelyduetothefactthatitcouldserveasathree-foldformofsocial,aestheticandethicaldiscourse.ItisthereforeassumedthatConfucius'curriculumforpoeticeducationwasgenerallygroundedonaconsiderationofthistrinity.Ⅰ.PoetryasaSoclalDiscourseSuiGenerisInancien…     

Sex Ratio at Birth in China:Features and Influences

Sexratioatbirth(SRB)isoneofthethreedeterminantsofthesexstructureofapopulation(theothertwoaresexdisparitiesassociatedwithmigrationandmortality).Undernormalconditions,thesexratioisbetween102and107.Ifasufficientlylargesampleistakenandaccuratelyregistered,theSRBofacountryisquitestable.ThishasbeenthecaseinChinainthedecadesfollowingthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicin1949.However,ChinahaswitnessedagradualincreaseintheSRBsince1980.Thefigurefromthethirdpopulationcensusconductedin1981was108.47(asco…     

The Significance of Legal Procedure:A Different Perspective on the Construction of a Chinese Legal System

ItisnotwithoutsignificancethatmostoftheprovisionsoftheBillofRightsareprocedural.Itisprocedurethatspellsmuchofthedifferencebetweenrulebylawandrulebywhimorcaprice."-JusticeWilliamO.Douglas"Theonewhohearsadispute,relieseitheronsentiment(qing)oronargumentation(ci).Iftheargumentationisflawed,thenthecaseisjudgedonsentiment.TherearethreeprincipIestogreatlaw:Torulerequiresleniency(kuan);thewaytoleniencyisultimatelyinperspicacity(cha),andthewaytoperspicacityliesultimatelyingoodethics(yi)."-KongCong…     

Huang Fu and the Post-Tanggu Pact Negotiations

Japanesetroops,afterconqueringtheShanhaiPass(Shan-hai-kuan)andLinyuCountyin1933,advancedswiftlytooccupymuchofHebeiProvince.On31Mayofthatyear,HeYingqinandHuangFu,leadersoftheKuomintangNorthChinaauthorities,wereauthorizedbyChiangKai-shekandWangChing-wei(WangJingwei)tosignthehumiliatingTangguPactwiththeJapaneseaggressors.TheKuomintang(KMT)authoritiesthennegotiatedwiththeJapaneseonthereturnofthewarzones(i.e.,thezonesbetweenthetrucelineandtheGreatWallvacatedbytheJapanesetroopsinNorthCh…     

On the Valence of Nouns in Mandarin

Ⅰ.TheValenceofNounsandtheDowngradedPreditalion1.1Valence,asachemicalterm,referstothepropertiesofatomsofoneelementincombiningwithagivennumberofatomsofanothereIement.Inlinguistics,theterm"valence"referstothedependencyofaverbandagivennumberofnounphrases(NP).AverbwhichisabletocombinewithoneNPiscalledamonovalentverb,e.g.,(ren)zou"(persons)go"and(niao)fei-"(birds)fly."WithtwoNPsaverbmaybeclassifiedasbivalent,e.g.,(ta)mai(cai)"(he)buys(vegetables)"and(niao)zhuo(mi)"(birds)pick(rice)."Thispaper,…     

Lu Xun and Expressionism─The Artistic Characteristics of Old Tales Retold

LuXunwasdeeplyinfluencedbyexpressionisminartandliteraturefromthe1920sonwards.Itinfluencedhiscreativethoughtandbroughtaboutmajorchangesinhiswriting,ascanbeseeninhisnovelsTheFlighttotheMoon(Benyue)andForgingtheSwords(Zhujian),andhislatercompositionsbasedonfairytales,legendsandhistoricalstories.AlthoughthenatureofLuXun'sOldTalesRetold(Gushixinbian)hasbeendebatedinacademiccirclesforalongtime,theissuemaybereadilyresolvedifweexamineitfromthisangle.ILuXunhadsomecontactwithmodernisttrendsofthoug…     

The Evolution of Chinese Surnamesand Surname Frequency inDifferent Dialect Zones

I.TheEvolutionofChineseSurnamesTheuseofsurnamesisoneaspectoflanguage.Surnamesoriginatedfromnamesofancienttribes,andtogetherwithpersonalnamestheybecamesymbolstoidentifyindividuaIs.Chinesesurnamesoriginatedveryearlyandwentthroughalongevolutionaryprocess.Thesurnamescurrentlyinuseareproductsofthislonghistoricaldevelopment.TheevolutionofChinesesurnamescanbedividedintothreephasesfmatriarchalclannames(xing);thecoexistenceofmatriarchalclannameswithpatriarchalsurnames(shi);andpatriarchalfamilynamesa…     

Wang Zhonghan: The Kangxi Emperor andNeo-Confucian Philosophy

TheKangxiEmperor(namedXuanYe),thesecondemperoroftheQingdynasty(1644-1911),wasanextraordinaryfigure.Withhisraregifts,boldstrategyandvigorouseffortstobuildastrongnation,hereversedthedecayingpoliticalandeconomicorderofthelateMingdynasty(1368-1644)andstimulatedsocialdevelopment.Healsosuppressedthe"SanFan"(threeseparatistregimesinYunnan,GuizhouandGuangdong),recoveredTaiwan,andputdowntheGaldanrebellions.Helaidasolidfoundationforbuildingaunifiedcountrywithmultiplenationalities.ThetaskoftheQingg…     

The Forerunner of the Yellow Turban Uprising and Its Relationship with Shamanism and Primitive Daoism─Also on “Yellow Turban”and “Yellow God Yuezhang”

TheoriginofDaoismisacomplicatedproblem.Muchhasbeenwrittenonit.Withthehelpofunearthedancientrelics,thisarticleexaminestheproblemfromaparticularperspective,namelytherelationshipofprimitiveDaoismduringtheEasternHandynastytotheshamans(wu)andshamanism(wushu)popularatthetime.OnecannotdenytheinfluenceofbookssuchasTaipingqinglingshu,Taipingjing,andothersupontheformationofprimitiveDaoism.Butthesebooksonlyreflectthethoughtoftherulers,fundamentallydifferentfromtheprimitiveDaoismthatstenunedfromthepeo…     

Xu Hongxing:The Movement to Elevate Mencius during the Tang and Song Dynasties

PriortotheTang(618-907)andSong(960-1279)dynasties,thestatusofMenciusandhisbookswasnothigh.ButtogetherwiththerevivalofConfucianismduringtheTangandSongdynasties,amovementto"elevateMencius"occurred.Afterthis,Menciusbecameveneratedasthe"SecondSage,"secondonlytoConfucius,andwasgivennoblerankbytheauthoritiesandbegantoreceiveofferingsinConfucius'temples.TheworksofMenciuswerealsoupgradedfromthecategoryofzi(worksofscholars)tothecategoryofjing(classics)andwereincludedinimperialexaminations,thusbeco…     

Chen Bo:The Logical and Philosophical Analysis of the Chinese Verb Shi "To Be

Therearemanyusagesof"tobe"(shi)inChinese,butthisarticlemainlyundertakesalogicalandphilosophicalanalysisofshiasalink-verbinthesentenceoftype"S(subject)+shi+P(predicative)".Theauthordistinguishedeightdifferenttheoriesconcerningthefunctionofshiinsuchsentences:1.Thetheoryofexistence.Astothedisputeconcerningwhethershiisapredicateornot,ChenBoisoftheopinionthat:(1)shiisapredicate;(2)thesentenceinnaturallanguagetakingshiasitsgrammaticalpredicateisinfactafunctionaltermofaproposition.Theabovetwoviewsa…     

英美"新批评"在中国"新时期"——历史、研究和影响回顾

新批评(The New Criticism)是20世纪前半期英美一些学者--从瑞恰慈(I.A.Richards)、艾略特(T.S.Eliot)到布鲁克斯(C.Brooks)、韦勒克(R.wellek)等--关于文学理解和文学批评的观念、方法的总和,是他们的文论思想的交集.新批评有自己的信念和性格,它改变了20世纪英语世界的文学批评实践,盛行数十年,最后在捍卫原则和荣誉的代际战争中英勇阵亡.     

On Ancient Human Spiritual Awakening

InancientChina,theSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods(c.800-200BC)weretimesofintellectualvigorandculturaldevelopment.TherewasasimilarperiodofunprecedentedspiritualactivityinbothIndiaandGreeceatapproximatelythesametime.Howcanoneunderstandthisintellectualbreakthroughthattookplaceatthesametimebutindifferentplaces?KarlJaspers(1883-1963)suggestedthatinChina,India,andGreecenumerousphilosophersappearedforthefirsttime.Asaresult,mankindbegantoreflectonitself.Asthelatenthumanspiritwasgivenfullv…     

Gao Huaping:Evolution of the Buddhist Doctrineand the New Literary Style

FromthelateJin(265-420)andearlySong(420-479)period,Chineseliteraturegraduallybegantodisplaynewideologicalcontent,modesofexpression,andaestheticstandards.Thisnewtrendowedmuchtochangesintherelativestatusofxuansue(lit.profoundlearning,thenameofaphilosophicalsectduringtheWeiandJindynasties)andBuddhistdoctrines,andtheirinfluenceonmodesofthoughtandcognition,especiallyastheyrelatedtotheconceptoflandscapepaintingandthewritingsoftheliterati.IntheJinandSongdynasties,acrisisarosebecausetheemphasisplac…     

Cultural Outlook of the Late-Qing Guocui School

TheGuocui(NationalQuintessence)school,representedbysuchpeopleasZhangTaiyan,LiuShipei,DengShi,andHuangJie,wasnotonlyaradicalanti-Manchurevolutionaryschool,butascholarlybodytakinguponitselfthetaskofrevitalizingChineseculture.KnownastheGuocuischoolbecausetheyadvocateddistinctiveculturaltheoriesanddemands,theybecameprominentduringtheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury,andenjoyedwidespreadinfluence.Ⅰ.NationalQuintessence,NationalStudies,NationalSoulGuocui(NationalQuintessence),Guoxue(NationalStud…     

《欧洲的精神遗产》简介

1984年意大利那不勒斯Vivarinm出版社出版的德文本《欧洲的精神遗产》,是一部内容丰富、值得推荐的好书。该书由德国著名哲学家M.布尔主编,来自20个国家的65位知名学者为此书撰稿,其中的H.G.加达默尔(德国)、R.劳特(德国)、J.董特(法国)、T.洛克莫尔(美国)、T.奥伊则尔曼(俄罗斯)等人,都是我国哲学界熟悉的哲学家。本书分为     

评法国“新哲学家”的十本书

这篇书评评介的是以下十本书:1.让-玛丽·伯努瓦:《马克思已经死了》(巴黎,伽利马出版社,1970年),2.让-玛丽·伯努瓦:《一个独特的纲领》(巴黎,法国大学出版社,1978年),3.安德烈·格鲁克斯曼:《大思想家》(巴黎,格拉塞出版社,1977年),4.《女厨师和食人者》(巴黎,塞伊出版社,1975年),5.《法国的战略和革命——1968年5月》(巴黎,克里斯蒂昂·布尔热瓦出版社,1968年),6.居伊·拉德罗:《金色的猴子》(巴黎,法国水星出版祉,1973年),7.居伊·拉德罗和克里斯蒂昂·让贝合著:《天使》(巴黎,格拉塞出版社,1976年),8.让-保罗·多莱:《革命的欲望》(巴黎,格拉塞出版社,1972年),9.贝尔纳-昂利·列维:《人面兽心》(巴黎,格拉塞出版社,1977年),10.菲利普·奈莫:《结构的人》(巴黎,格拉塞出版社,1975年)。