基于EOQ的集成供应成本分摊问题研究

第三方物流的集成供应是降低供应链成本的有效途径,而集成供应成本在各供应商企业之间的分摊是需要解决的核心问题.本文详细阐述了第三方物流的集成供应问题,基于合作博弈理论建立了第三方物流集成供应的成本分摊模型.在采用夏普利值法对该模型进行求解的过程中,针对夏普利值法难以赋值的问题,引入集成供应的经济订货批量模型,有效解决了了第三方物流供应成本分摊问题.最后,用算例对该方法进行了说明.     

远海岛礁冷链物流体系优化模型及其集成算法

为研究远海岛礁渔获冷链物流的运行方案,本文选择了岛礁冷库储存中转和海上直接收购等两种不同的渔获运输方式,同时考虑了中转冷库选址、中转运输和直接收购船舶配备、航线配置、在渔场停留时间和渔获运输损耗等诸多复杂问题,构建了远海冷链物流体系组合优化模型。求解时,提出了一种以遗传算法（GA）为外部框架,以改进的模拟植物生长算法（PGSA）为内部模块,通过信息传递实现内外连接交互的集成算法。最后,以我国南海远海岛礁及渔场为实例进行分析,取得了较好效果。通过与传统遗传算法对比,本文优化结果、稳定性及计算速度等均有明显提高,从而证明了本文所建模型与算法的合理性和有效性。     

物流产业系统微观主体的演化机理及稳定性研究

物流产业系统主要由宏观系统因素、微观系统因素、中观系统因素三大系统构成。对复杂经济系统的研究必须从分析个体的行为入手,把个体放在一个相互联系的经济系统中进行研究。因此本文以全新的视角从微观层面运用逻辑斯谛方程分析物流产业系统微观主体的演化机理及发展的稳定性。本文的研究成果对物流产业调整政策的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

我国通货膨胀率动态波动路径的结构性转变特征与统计检验

本文运用参数稳定性检验方法研究我国通货膨胀率的动态变化路径,发现我国通货膨胀率序列具有明显的结构转变特征;利用包含结构转变点的最小二乘估计方法,获得了我国通货膨胀率的结构转变点估计和区间估计;结合我国宏观经济运行事实,分析并刻画了具有结构转变特征的通货膨胀率动态过程,准确地给出自1984年以来的两次高通货膨胀区间.     

物流系统的可靠度及其优化研究

物流系统是一个由众多物流单元组成的大系统,它的可靠性程度对企业和社会的平稳运行有着重大的影响.本文在建立物流单元的可靠度及其度量方法基础上,研究了物流系统逻辑组成结构对系统可靠度的影响,并探讨了在有物流能力和可靠度约束的情况下,如何优化物流系统逻辑结构和物流成本的方法.     

国外物流服务质量研究述评

物流服务质量研究历时40年,在某些方面取得了一定的理论研究成果,但至今尚未形成完整的理论体系。系统地梳理和总结了国外物流服务质量研究的相关文献,认为物流服务质量研究具体可以划分为3个阶段:概念研究阶段、测量研究阶段、理论研究阶段,并着重对每一阶段的物流服务质量研究进行了分析和评论,进而提出了未来的研究展望。     

物流联合外包下库存管理模式对供应链运作的影响

针对由供应商、第三方物流服务商和零售商组成的供应链,考虑供需双方将物流服务联合外包给第三方物流服务商、共同承担运费的情形,探究供应商管理库存和寄售库存两类库存管理模式的引入对供应链运作及合同设计的影响。分别在传统的零售商管理库存、仅引入寄售库存的零售商管理寄售库存以及同时引入供应商管理库存和寄售库存的供应商管理寄售库存三种模式下,构建了第三方物流服务商主导、供应商和零售商跟随的序贯非合作博弈模型,证明了所有模式下均衡的订购量/寄售量均存在且唯一,并探讨了均衡结果随零售商运费分摊比例、转移支付价格两个关键参数的变化。横向对比三种模式下的均衡结果和集中决策下的最优结果,发现：零售商管理库存模式下的均衡订购量总是低于零售商管理寄售库存模式以及集中决策下的结果,而其他库存管理模式下的订购量并非一定低于集中决策下的结果;不同库存管理模式下,均衡状态下的订购量/寄售量及供应链总的期望收益大小关系取决于供应商和零售商的类边际(毛利)贡献率,从而表明,供应链环境下,上下游成员企业的收益结构、盈利水平等对于库存决策及库存模式的选取有重要影响。此外,在绝大多数情形下,不同库存管理模式下的均衡订购量与集中决...     

The Role of Media Exposure on Coordination in the Humanitarian Setting

Despite high demand and resource limitations, humanitarian organizations (HOs) typically do not share resources and/or coordinate in the field. While coordination enhances operational performance and saves costs, the general perception is that it dilutes the media attention that individual organizations might receive, and negatively influences their future donation income. In this study, we empirically unveil the impact of media exposure and operational performance on the donations obtained by HOs. Then, based on the empirical results, we develop a stylized model to characterize the structure of preferred coordination policies with respect to an organization's funding source and main mandate. Our findings shed light on the incentives and dynamics that drive behaviors in humanitarian operations and provide insights for policy makers on designing and implementing mechanisms that encourage humanitarian coordination.     

二级物流服务供应链定价及其效率研究

研究了需求不确定条件下,基于利润最大化原则的二级物流服务供应链的定价及效率问题。基于物流服务供应链中集成商市场和供应商市场的四种不同市场组合,建立了以集成商为主导的集成商与供应商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,求得集成商的最优定价和最优订购量,比较了不同集成商和供应商市场组合下的物流服务供应链的效率高低情况。最后,进行了数值计算,得出集成商的最优定价和最优订购量,验证了不同市场组合下的物流服务供应链效率高低情况。结果表明:集成商的最优定价和最优订购量同时受集成商和供应商所处的市场环境影响;集成商市场寡头垄断、供应商市场完全竞争的情形下物流服务供应链效率最高,集成商市场垄断、供应商市场寡头垄断的情形下物流服务供应链效率最低。     

Adventures in policy modeling! Operations research in the community and beyond

The literature describing operations research in the community is somewhat of a puzzle. On the one hand, several authors have denigrated the use of traditional operations approaches in addressing community problems, yet several studies document successful applications. Arguing that the operations research mindset is itself a great strength, we will review several examples where operations research methods have been employed creatively to the benefit of the community and beyond.     

Vehicle Replacement in the International Committee of the Red Cross

This article studies 4 × 4 vehicle replacement within the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), one of the largest humanitarian organizations. ICRC policy sets the replacement of vehicles at 5 years or 150,000 km, whichever comes first. Using field data collected at the ICRC headquarters and national level we study the ICRC policy. Our results suggest that the organization can make considerable savings by adjusting its replacement policy. This study contributes to the area of logistics and transportation research in humanitarian operations.     

Halal value creation: its role in adding value and enabling logistics service

Abstract

The need to implement halal value creation into logistics and supply chains has been recognised recently. Yet, there is a lack of efforts to leverage resources and capabilities in contributing to the halal value creation for competitive advantage and subsequently firm performance. The purpose of this paper is to understand the halal value creation of current practices and its role in adding value and enabling logistics service. A structure interview of seven third-party logistics (3PL) providers is conducted to provide more precise perception about works by viewing with the lens prescribed by practitioners rather than reviews. The results draw the novel practices of halal value creation in logistics, that have not been revealed and further identifies five emerging resources of ‘resource-based halal logistics’. These create innovation capability (ability to launch successful halal goods/services) in logistics services, which are transformed into benefits of profits for 3PLs and value for customers.     

Forest Fire Risk Management and Public Participation in Changing Socioenvironmental Conditions: A Case Study in a Mediterranean Region

Under current conditions of accelerated socioenvironmental change in the Mediterranean forested landscapes, fire is one of the most critical and difficult risks to tackle within the region. This article summarizes the lessons learned from a project based on the participatory integration of qualitative local stakeholders' knowledge with expert GIS fire simulations carried out in the County of El Bages, Catalonia, Spain. First, in this article, a theoretical model--the forest fire circle--is presented in order to explain the reasons for the rise in the damage and frequency of forest fires in this Mediterranean area. Second, it describes the methodology developed and the stages followed during the project. Results show that: (1) the advocacy of old forest reactive management paradigm assumptions and practices based on uncontrolled forest succession can put vast wooded areas of the Mediterranean basin at critical risk; and (2) forest fire management approaches that ignore the crucial role of long-term prevention and local capacity building strategies have failed. In the final section, the content and the specific dimensions of the old reactive paradigm that has characterized forest fire risk management in Catalonia are discussed and contrasted with the possibly emerging preventative paradigm.     

Testing for the Cointegrating Rank of a VAR Process with Level Shift at Unknown Time

A systems cointegration rank test is proposed that is applicable for vector autoregressive (VAR) processes with a structural shift at unknown time. The structural shift is modeled as a simple shift in the level of the process. It is proposed to estimate the break date first on the basis of a full unrestricted VAR model. Two alternative estimators are considered and their asymptotic properties are derived. In the next step the deterministic part of the process including the shift size is estimated and the series are adjusted by subtracting the estimated deterministic part. A Johansen type test for the cointegrating rank is applied to the adjusted series. The test statistic is shown to have a well‐known asymptotic null distribution that does not depend on the break date. The performance of the procedure in small samples is investigated by simulations.     

供应链中转节点物流能力计划问题研究

针对供应链中转节点的物流要素能力中的处理能力、流通量等决定因素进行了较为深入的理论分析;并且采用排队论的相关理论构建了具体的理论模型,得到了使得系统利润最大的中转节点的最优处理能力及最优流量。这一理论研究结果,为进一步研究供应链物流能力中连线的流通能力、各环节能力的匹配等决定因素奠定了理论基础,同时对于确定企业的物流要素能力指标中的处理能力以及流量等提供了一定的理论指导。     

供应物流利益分配机制研究

以单供应商-单制造商-多个第三方物流企业组成的供应物流外包系统为对象进行研究,对直接外包模式和领导物流合作伙伴(LLP)模式下三方企业的利益分配问题进行讨论.建立多委托人-多代理人的成本整合模型并求解,比较分析了在直接外包模式与LLP模式下三方企业的成本分摊与利益分配情况.研究结果揭示:1)LLP模式与直接外包模式相比...     

A genetic algorithm approach to developing the multi-echelon reverse logistics network for product returns

Traditionally, product returns have been viewed as an unavoidable cost of doing business, forfeiting any chance of cost savings. As cost pressures continue to mount in this era of economic downturns, a growing number of firms have begun to explore the possibility of managing product returns in a more cost-efficient manner. However, few studies have addressed the problem of determining the number and location of centralized return centers (i.e., reverse consolidation points) where returned products from retailers or end-customers were collected, sorted, and consolidated into a large shipment destined for manufacturers’ or distributors’ repair facilities. To fill the void in such a line of research, this paper proposes a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model and a genetic algorithm that can solve the reverse logistics problem involving product returns. The usefulness of the proposed model and algorithm was validated by its application to an illustrative example dealing with products returned from online sales.     

EPR下的逆向物流回收模式选择研究

在生产商延伸责任(EPR)的约束下,产品的回收模式较传统的回收模式有了根本性的改变。EPR下的逆向物流回收模式主要有三种:生产商负责回收(MT),生产商联合体负责回收(PT)和第三方负责回收(TPT)。在构建了EPR下逆向物流回收模式的基础上,通过建立数学模型和实例验证对不同回收模式下的最优零售价p*和生产商利润∏*进行了具体的分析研究,为生产企业选择合适的逆向物流回收模式提供了理论依据。     

企业内的价格歧视与内部转移定价

本文从垄断企业定价的逆弹性法则出发,论证了在企业内部市场管理中进行价格歧视的理论基础,并给出在企业内部市场管理中,用对策论中的Nash谈判解确定各部门的内部转移价格的方法,并以此为基础建立了企业内部的利润定价法。