城乡结合部怎样搞好人口计生工作

随着城镇化步伐的加快,做好城乡结合部的人口与计划生育工作,成为摆在我们面前的一项重要历史任务。江西省南昌市青云谱区作为典型的城乡结合部,汇聚了大量的流动人口,入户分离的现象普遍存在,计划生育的“条条管理”和“条块结合”的管理模式已经难以适应这种新的变化,建立适应城镇化的人口与计划生育属地化管理和服务机制已势在必行。一、加强城乡结合部人口计生工作的必要性城镇化已经成为人口与计划生育工作面临的一个新课题。新形势、新任务给城乡结合部人口与计划生育事业的发展带来     

建立适应市场经济的计划生育新机制

当前,我国正处在新旧经济体制的转换时期,人口与计划生育工作既面临着新的挑战,又存在着新的机遇。计划生育工作面临的挑战是: 1.认识上的扭曲。有的人认为计划生育工作是计划经济的产物,在市场经济的条件下,人口增长不能再用计划调节和控制了,而是象经济发达的资本主义国家那样,由市场经济去自发地调节。人口与计划生育工作遇到了理论上的挑战。马克思主义认为,社会     

区域经济一体化中区域人口管理机制构建与创新——以关中—天水经济区为例

人口问题是统筹区域经济社会协调发展面临的主要问题之一,作为国家《西部大开发"十二五"规划》确定的十一个重点经济区之一,关中—天水经济区的人口分布,以沿河流域、交通干线和主要城镇呈现出明显的带状特征,具有集中、均匀与差异并存的多样性特点;区域人口的快速增长对于资源与环境形成巨大压力。随着区域经济—体化的推进和城市化水平的不断提高,区域人口流动加快,人口计生工作面临新问题;区域人口管理体制创新不够,组织协调区域人口发展面临诸多限制。适应区域经济一体化的需要,地方政府应组建区域人口协调机构,构建区域人口信息共享机制、政策协调机制、生态环境补偿机制和流动人口管理协作机制。     

乡镇人口与计划生育工作要“三勤”

乡镇人口与计划生育工作人员处在贯彻执行党和国家人口与计划生育方针、政策的最前沿,是党和政府联系人民群众计划生育工作的桥梁和纽带,肩负着非常重要的使命和责任。随着新时期人口与计划生育工作主要任务逐渐向基层转移,乡镇人口与计划生育工作面临新的挑战,只有坚持与时俱进,勤宣传、勤培训,勤服务,才能为基层创造良好的人口环境做出新的更大贡献。     

坚持改革创新 做好新时期人口与计划生育工作

中共中央、国务院下发的《关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》（以下简称《决定》）是指导当前和今后一个时期我国人口与计划生育工作的纲领性文件。认真学习、贯彻中央《决定》 ,对于推动我国人口与计划生育工作健康、稳定、持续发展 ,促进人口与经济、社会协调发展和可持续发展具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。一、《决定》明确了人口与计划生育工作所处的新的历史阶段与１９９１年中央《决定》相比 ,这次的《决定》体现了新的时代特征和人口与计划生育工作的新特点。首先是所处的社会经济发展的背景不同。我们面临着…     

如何做好企业人口计生工作——以大庆油田为例

随着国有企业体制改革的不断深入,在企业转换经营机制的过程中,人口和计划生育工作出现了一系列新问题、新情况,也带来了新的机遇和挑战。如何抓住机遇,深化改革,做好新形势下国有大型企业的人口和计划生育工作,是大庆油田面临的新课题。油田企业人口计生工作面临的困难和问题人口计生工作量和管理难度日趋增大。     

正确处理五个关系确保计划生育工作的深入开展

经过多年的艰苦努力，乐山市人口增长过快的势头已得到较好控制，连续6年获得了全省一等奖，计划生育工作基本上实现了经常化、制度化、法制化，并正在向科学化管理迈进。但由于当前出现了一些新情况和新问题，严重困扰着计生工作的深入发展。通过深入调研，我们认为，必须正确认识和处理好以下五个关系，才能确保计生工作的正常进行，把计生工作提高到一个新的水平。一是必须正确认识和处理好发展经济与控制人口增长的关系。计划生育工作在深化改革、扩大开放和加快经济发展建立社会主义市场经济体制的新形势下，面临新的机遇和挑战、新的…     

其它社会政策与计划生育政策不兼容的现状及对策建议

随着经济成分多元化和社会事务管理转型,部分政治、经济、社会管理政策与人口计生政策不兼容,落实计生基本国策面临新的挑战和冲击。最近,笔者就这一问题采取问卷调查、个案解剖等方式进行了调研,深深感到这已成为制约人口计生工作上水平的一大瓶颈,必须尽快采取有力措施加以解决。1现状1.1政治待遇与计划生育基本国策不兼容(1)特殊人群违法生育增多。近年来,少数领导干部、党员、人大代表、政协委员、名人、富人、企业主、高级知识分子等特殊人群违反计划生育法律规定,“花费金钱买着生、利用关系骗着生、跑到外地躲着生、无视法规强行生”…     

加强村级规范化管理

加强村级规范化管理刘兆勤如何实现人口与经济、社会协调发展，是广大农村计划生育工作者面临的新课题。近几年来，江苏省新沂市从基层基础工作入手，积极探索和实行村级计划生育规范化管理，跳出了就计划生育抓计划生育的囵子，既全面落实了“三为主”方针，又较好地实现...     

试谈计划生育管理效益

<正> 随着我国计划生育事业的深入开展,计划生育管理已经逐渐形成一门专门学科。计划生育管理是什么性质的管理,它是否存在经济效益问题?如果存在,如何对计划生育管理效益进行考察?本文就这个问题谈一点肤浅的认识。一计划生育管理从本质上来说,它是经济管理,这是由人口的二重属性以及人口与经济密不可分的关系决定的。我们知道人口具有自然属性和社会属性,因此,人口生产同     

A preliminary inquiry about the problem of second births outside the plan]

In 1981, the population growth in China was revived and showed a new trend towards a rapid increase. In general, the rate of numerous births in one household was down, the rate for a second birth outside the plan was up sharply, and the number for a second birth outside the plan exceeded the number for multiple births in average families. As a result, how to control the second birth outside the plan has become a crucial problem for population control. Under present conditions, numerous births in each household are normally related to the financial situation of each household, the sex of earlier births, and the educationa background of the parents. The current increase in second births is not caused by financial reasons. Instead, it is caused by social and psychological reasons. The traditional belief in favor of having more male children for security in one's old age and for continuation of one's family line is still deeply rooted in the people's minds. In order to eliminate such tradtional influence, more work in ideological education is needed so that the common people may understand the need for birth control and change their traditional view on population. With the establishment of a responsible production system in the rural areas, measures for economic restriction and reward should be taken. In addition, late marriages should be enouraged, and a new tax system based upon population count in each household should be adopted so that additional revenues may be collect for educational and other expenses, and social insurance for old people should be expanded. If all these measures are taken successfully, the problem of second births outside the plan can be solved.     

Childhood Family Structure and Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States

The declining prevalence of two-parent families helped increase income inequality over recent decades. Does family structure also condition how economic (dis)advantages pass from parents to children? If so, shifts in the organization of family life may contribute to enduring inequality between groups defined by childhood family structure. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, I combine parametric and nonparametric methods to reveal how family structure moderates intergenerational income mobility in the United States. I find that individuals raised outside stable two-parent homes are much more mobile than individuals from stable two-parent families. Mobility increases with the number of family transitions but does not vary with children’s time spent coresiding with both parents or stepparents conditional on a transition. However, this mobility indicates insecurity, not opportunity. Difficulties maintaining middle-class incomes create downward mobility among people raised outside stable two-parent homes. Regardless of parental income, these people are relatively likely to become low-income adults, reflecting a new form of perverse equality. People raised outside stable two-parent families are also less likely to become high-income adults than people from stable two-parent homes. Mobility differences account for about one-quarter of family-structure inequalities in income at the bottom of the income distribution and more than one-third of these inequalities at the top.     

科技支出竞争对区域经济协调发展的影响与对策

现代竞争经济的关键是科学技术的竞争。实践证明。科学技术水平是加强和提高区域能力和促进区域经济协调发展的重要路径。本文从科技支出竞争导致各地区的科技竞争力、R＆D支出、专利的空间分布以及工业发展水平的差距等方面分析了科技支出竞争对区域经济协调发展影响．并从科学规划各地区科技支出的重点和领域及中央政府应逐步加大对中西部地区的科技支出等方面提出促进区域经济协调发展的对策。     

"Taking full responsibility" should be emphasized in the control of population growth]

Since the establishment of a responsible production system in the countryside, the living standard of the general public has risen constantly, but a new problem in family planning has also occurred. A great many people believe that more male children will eventually provide more labor and thus more income. Consequently, there has been a gradual rise in the birth rate. A crucial problem which needs an immediate solution is how to match the population growth and agricultural production. As a responsible production system is established, an appropriate family planning system should also be established. Married couples of childbearing age should sign contracts concerning family planning and should follow regulations outlined in the contract. Contract violators should be punished with fines, and thoas who follow the contract should be offered economic rewards. Cadres and responsible officials should take full responsibility for reaching the goals set for their respective county, district, commune or brigade, and their people should be rewarded or punished according to their performance. Special care should be given to the old, handicapped, orphans and widows and those who suffer from illness. Households with only one child should be awarded and encouraged with additional benefits. Taking full responsibility is a concept which should be used extensively in agricultural development, production management, and family planning.     

海外华人“拾伙夫妻”现象的社会学分析

海外华人“搭伙夫妻”现象不仅是当前媒体关注的一个热点，更是一个值得深入研究的社会问题。所谓“搭伙夫妻”，是指夫妻双方或其中一方已结婚，由于与配偶无法团聚，临时与他人结成像家庭般的伴侣关系而居家度日。从孤单寂寞方面的心理原因、异性渴望方面的生理原因、物质条件方面的经济原因、社会压力方面的社会原因等方面入手分析了其产生的原因。探讨了会产生诸如影响婚姻的瓦解、家庭的和睦、滋生家庭问题和导致犯罪行为、导致华人优良传统和伦理道德的滑坡等方面的社会负面影响，并指出应该如何正确看待这一现象，以期引起社会的进一步关注和讨论。     

人口老龄化的区域经济效应分析——基于新古典经济增长模型

人口老龄化与区域经济发展之间有着必然的内在关联性。因为生产和消费是区域经济发展中的重要环节,而人口老龄化对生产和消费均有影响,也就必然会影响区域经济的发展。因此,本文首先在梳理国内外相关研究的基础上提出人口老龄化对区域经济发展的双重效应——正效应和负效应;然后以新古典经济增长模型为基础,尝试引入人口老龄化因素从而对该模型进行扩展,分析得到的结论是:①进一步验证了人口老龄化对区域经济发展的双重效应的存在;②不同的区域,人口老龄化程度不同,人口再生产所处于的发展阶段不同,人口老龄化对区域经济发展的经济影响程度,即其正效应和负效应之和也就不尽相同,但存在的一个基本规律是,人口老龄化程度越高,其负效应就越大,其对区域经济发展的减速效应也就越明显。     

“四二一”结构:一种特殊的社会、家庭和代际关系的混合体

"四二一"结构不属于传统社会学中"家庭"概念的范畴,也不具有家庭的基本特征。"四二一"结构是独生子女政策的必然产物,是一种特殊的家庭之间和代际之间关系的混合体。真正社会学意义上的"四二一"家庭在我国不会成为一种普遍现象。"四二一"结构的大量出现给我国带来的不仅是养老问题,而且会带来全新的家庭和社会问题。大量"类丁克"家庭的出现和独生子女夫妇父母之间的矛盾关系是"四二一"结构最突出的矛盾特征。     

Contradictions in Nigeria's Fertility Transition: The Burdens and Benefits of Having People

Nigeria appears to be experiencing a transition to lower fertility. Based on ethnographic research, this article shows how Nigerians navigate a paradoxical political‐economic and cultural context, wherein they face powerful pressures both to limit their fertility and to have relatively large families. The main argument advanced here is that Nigerians' fertility behavior must be understood in the context of the ways that parenthood, children, family, and kinship are inextricably intertwined with how people survive in a political economy organized around patron‐clientism. Despite the fact that fertility transition is widely associated with broad processes of modernization and development, ordinary Nigerians experience the pressures to limit fertility in terms of a failed economy, development disappointments, and personal hardship–even while they see relatively smaller families as essential if they are to educate their children properly and adapt to a changing society.     

How to carry out work on family planning after adopting production responsibility systems in rural areas]

After the Third Meeting of the Eleventh People's Congress, the entire responsibility for agricultural production was transferred to a lower level. Peasants in various areas have adopted the so called production responsibility system, and the phenomenon of an increased population rate has also appeared in some areas. In this article, the author discusses how to solve these problems created by the new situation. The 1st step is try to control population growth through socialist propaganda education, administrative measures, economic incentives and punishments, and family planning work. The 2nd step is to popularize the practice of having only 1 child per household in the rural areas. The 2nd and 3rd child in each family should be controlled and prohibited. This policy formulated by the Central Government should be carried out thoroughly. Families which follow the policy and have only 1 child should be encouraged with economic rewards, and those families which have 2 or more children should be punished economically. The 3rd step is to establish a national work team to be in charge of family planning and birth control. There should be an ideological unity among the nation's leadership. Party members and cadres should establish themselves as good examples for the people so that the population control work may become successful.     

论可持续发展原则与区域开发

可持续发展已经成为当代社会经济发展的基本原则,它对区域开发提出了新的要求,即人类的区域开发活动必须遵循与自然生态系统相协调的原则,区域开发应该具有全局性、科学性、前瞻性、系统性和稳定性。为了在区域开发中贯彻可持续发展原则,就要树立新的环境资源价值观,扩大对资源范围的认识,建立合理的资源配置机制,保证资源开发的可持续性,才能实现区域经济与生态环境的协调发展。