Social Workers and Supervision Orders: A Case of Occupational Uncertainty

Summary A distinctive feature of the supervision order is that it canbe administered either by the Probation Service or by the LocalAuthority Social Services Department. An examination of the case files on a large sample of boys (N=971)aged 14–16 placed on supervision orders for criminal offencesreveals a number of differences between the way in which workersin the two agencies approach the task of supervision. The findingssuggest that social workers are in some respects less professionallysecure and certain as to their purpose in performing their supervisorytask than are probation officers. This is accounted for by locatingtheir practice in a number of intersecting contexts, includingan occupational ambivalence over the exercise of authority anda lack of clarity in relation to the role of welfare in thecontext of juridical requirements     

Maintenance Orders and Causes for Non-Payment

From the very inadequate statistics kept by courts in the past in England, Canada and especially Australia, it appears that there is a high rate of default in the payment of maintenance for broken families. This article discusses the causes for this situation.     

Money and Swedish inflation

Analysing the role of money for Swedish inflation, we apply a single equation “P-Star” model and a structural VECM for the period of the late 1980s to the beginning of 2005. Against the background of theoretical and empirical considerations, we find that money – when measured by the “price gap” or, alternatively, the “money overhang” – had a statistically significant impact on future price movements. The results suggest that money might have to play a more prominent role in monetary policy making in Sweden compared with the status quo.     

财富的秘密

是什么成就了钢铁大王安德鲁·卡内基、石油大王劳伦斯·洛克菲勒的财富神话?隐藏在财富背后的巨大秘密是什么?这无疑是一个让人十分心动的话题。揭开财富的神秘面纱关于赚取财富的巨大秘密,其实早在1923年就被发现了,这是一个让钢铁大王安德鲁·卡内基、石油大王劳伦斯·洛克菲勒等人成为富人的秘     

货币之桥上的迷失者：齐美尔论货币与现代性体验

对现代个体生存体验的关注是齐美尔现代性思考的重要特征。随着货币经济在现代社会的日益繁荣,货币逐渐将其自身的品格渗透到现代人的心理层面,影响现代个体行为,塑造独特的现代性体验。可以说,货币成为“货币”的过程,就是现代人获得其现代体验的过程。都市体验是最为典型的现代性体验,都市人是“忧郁的栖居者”,厌腻态度构成了现代人“忧郁”的内核。而在冒险体验与陌生体验中,蕴藏着现代个体保持独特个性、对抗货币逻辑的可能。通过“货币”,齐美尔试图揭示的不仅仅是现代人的生存问题,更是关乎人类终极价值的问题--在看似碎片化的现代性体验与人类的总体存在方式之间,齐美尔提供了一条经由“货币”的解释路径。     

社会世界中的货币:西方货币的多学科研究追踪

在现代社会,货币问题不仅仅是一个经济学问题,也是一个社会问题和文化问题.在西方,从社会发展、文化生活与人的精神、心理状态等视角研究货币在现代社会世界中的多重意义与影响,成为社会学、人类学、精神分析、心理学、地理学、政治经济学、宗教学、符号学与语言学等诸多社会科学领域研究的重要内容.     

中国洗钱刑事定罪立法研究

洗钱刑事定罪立法是整个刑事立法框架中一个特殊的部分.随着中国开放程度提高和经济发展与国际之间的关系日益紧密,洗钱刑事犯罪治理已逐渐上升成为一个具有普遍意义的社会治理问题.而与此相对应,中国洗钱刑事定罪的立法进程、立法现状也成为反映中国洗钱犯罪刑治水平的一个重要方面.     

Payment to Faculties of Higher Educational Institutions

Faculties of higher educational institutions are typically paid on the basis of time worked, total earnings being governed by the post held in the table of organization, monthly salary, and time worked. A workday shorter than standard, six hours, is provided for them (Art. 22 of the Principles of Labor Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics; see the compendium The Higher School [Vysshaia shkola], Vol. I, 1965, p. 359). A system of payment through salary by table of organization has been established for the country's higher educational institutions. It is a variety of time wages in the form of payment by the month. Higher educational institutions also use hourly payment to persons invited to teach.     

法律监督需要一部《法律监督法》

1979年<人民检察院组织法>首次提出,1982年宪法确认的法律监督,是我国国家制度建设中具有承上启下重要历史意义的立法事件.由于种种原因,法律监督的历史意义未受到重视,并导致法律监督的基本理论和制度没有获得应有的发展.在新的历史条件下,有必要制定一部<法律监督法>,以更加全面认识我国法律监督产生的历史价值,促进我国法律监督的基本理论研究.没有<法律监督法>的法律监督不但不合理而且不现实.     

房产“限购令”的救济瓶颈及其突破路径

房产"限购令"作为政府运用公权力干预市场秩序的抽象行政行为,应当确保相对人享有完善的救济体系,这是现代法治的基本原则之一。然而,现行抽象行政行为的救济途径存在瓶颈,通过完善行政复议、行政诉讼、行政补偿等若干路径,可以有效突破上述瓶颈。     

给付保险金性质辨析

侵权责任、违约责任和缔约过失责任是民事责任的三种类型。就民事责任与民事义务关系而言,民法学界通说认为民事责任是违反民事义务的结果。保险事故发生导致保险标的损失或被保险人死亡、伤残,保险人应当赔偿或给付保险金,但这是保险人履行合同义务的行为,非为“承担保险责任”。     

An Evaluation of a Parenting Payment Intervention Program

This paper analyses the effect of a pilot program to assist single parent claimants to lessen their dependence on social security benefits. A sample of about 5000 persons was randomly assigned to one control and two treatment groups. Those in the treatment groups were asked to attend an initial interview to help them plan for the future and were then referred to other forms of assistance that might help them to realise their plans. Using different estimators and several indicators of outcomes, the evidence for the program having a positive effect on outcomes is very weak. The reason for this result is explored by an analysis of the relationships between the plans participants formulated, the barriers they faced and whether they left benefits. It is found that while the program encouraged claimants to plan for moving into paid work, the assistance offered did not reduce the barriers they faced.     

论境外热钱的监控

在我国,热钱有七大主要流入渠道。由于热钱的逐利本性,其流入境内后,会影响我国的货币政策,加剧宏观经济波动。因此,监控境外热钱是重中之重,可以从四个方面着手：加快推进汇率和利率改革,建立合理的企业治理结构,完善金融监管方式,完善金融立法与执法制度。     

唐诗金钱描写的事象承传

在浩瀚璀璨的唐代诗苑里,留下了许多妙趣横生的咏钱诗句,真实地记录了形形色色的金钱事象,形象地传达了金钱的交易流通功用及其象征财富权势的意蕴,深刻地揭示了金钱存在的道义物理,从而进一步强调了树立正确金钱观的必要性。     

金融市场化过程中的投资运行机理

市场体制下的投资运行所蕴涵的机理,在一定程度和范围内是由金融市场化过程决定的.本文认为,金融市场化的核心问题主要体现在储蓄如何转化为投资和利率调节两方面,货币政策及其与之相对应的金融工具的使用,决定着金融市场化的进程;经济体制转轨在金融市场化过程中的反映,表现为金融抑制向金融深化状态的转变.就储蓄转化为投资和利率调节对投资运行所赋予的机理而论,分析金融抑制状态和深化状态下的货币政策及其金融工具,有助于揭示投资运行机理.文章根据中国体制转轨以来金融市场运行的实际,分析了金融市场化过程中投资运行的主要机理.     

Social Class and Adolescents' Beliefs about Justice in Different Social Orders

We report on the justice beliefs of 4508 adolescents from 4 security societies in transition to market economies (i.e., Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Russia) and from 2 opportunity societies (Australia and the United States). Using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), justice beliefs were examined as a function of type of society, social class, and gender. In the security societies, working-class teens wanted the state and schools to provide a safety net, while middle-class teens preferred that schools promote student autonomy and competition but also reported the most negative school climates of any group. In the opportunity societies, working-class youth believed success was based on individual merit, while middle class youth expressed more doubt about this connection .     

Money demand stability: A case study of Nigeria

Monetary policy in Nigeria aims is to achieve price and monetary stability. During the 1980s and 1990s, monetary targeting was the dominant monetary policy framework in Nigeria. However, in 2006 the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) adopted the new monetary policy framework through which short-term interest rates are adjusted to achieve stability in the value of the domestic currency. This paper has presented an empirical investigation into the demand for Nigerian real narrow money (M1) over the period 1960–2008 in an attempt to identify whether the CBN were right to adopt the new monetary policy framework. In doing so, we estimate alternative (canonical and extended) specifications of M1 demand using structural change methods. Our results suggest that the canonical specification is well-determined. Although the money demand relationship went through a regime shift in 1986, it is largely stable. These findings favour the use of supply of money as an instrument of monetary policy, thus lending limited support for the new monetary policy framework.     

养老保险基金收支平衡原理分析与对策建议

养老保险基金收支平衡是基本养老保险制度正常运行的关键。运用精算学原理预测基金收支平衡,涉及人口预测、个人账户预测、基金收入和支出预测、收支缺口预测等。以企业基本养老保险制度建设较有代表性的济南市为例,以点带面,总结提出全面的收支平衡精算预测模型,并就制度内影响基金收支平衡的因素做精算分析,提出要实现基金收支平衡,在制度内应进一步扩大养老保险覆盖面、加强征缴工作力度、严格执行法定退休年龄政策、试行弹性退休年龄制度、建立正常退休金增长机制。