中国区域经济与高等教育均衡关系的动态模型

本文从估计均衡关系的角度出发,定量的分析了我国区域高等教育与经济发展之间的非均衡状况,并考虑了几个典型地区非均衡程度的动态变化趋势和整体非均衡程度的动态变化趋势,得到了整体非均衡性程度呈下降趋势的结论。     

The Management of Technology: A Production and Operations Management Perspective

We highlight many of the traditional research themes in the management of technology as well as research themes on emerging topics such as those that appear in this focused issue. The discussion demonstrates the breadth and multidisciplinary nature of management of technology as well as the variety of methods employed in management of technology research. We conclude by offering a list of research themes that are of particular interest to the Management of Technology Department of Production and Operations Management.     

A Comparative Analysis of Korean and American Management Education: A Knowledge-Based Odyssey

The evolution of post-industrial society is resulting in a `knowledgeeconomy. The changes involve `knowledge workers' in contrast to `manualworkers' of the past industrial economy. The quantity and quality of knowledgeworkers will determine success in national borderless competition. Althoughthe United State's recent prosperity and near perfect employment rate areexemplary, the technology leading to this success has been developed andshared by traditional industrial powers, i.e., Japan and France, and mid-techpowers such as South Korea.This paper examines methods by which South Korea incorporates Americanapplications of the knowledge economy into its system. The interdisciplinaryapproach includes sociological, linguistic, educational, and ethical elements.Suggested methods include double loop sharing, knowledge management withelectronic support systems, professional journals, and professionalinternational conferences. This paper offers a brief history and synopsis ofcurrent developments in knowledge-based systems, and suggests South Korean andAmerican applications. Recommendations also include the emphasis on Englishas the primary language to improve Korean communication among government,industry, and academic entities.     

市场营销理论、实践、教育的创新与融合——2014中国市场营销国际年会综述

2014中国市场营销国际学术年会于2014年7月11~13日在华中科技大学成功举办,从营销理论、企业实践、营销教育3个方面综述与会学者观点,梳理归纳了营销理论研究的热点与未来方向、营销实践创新的现状与启示、营销教育创新的途径。还对会议筹备组织工作进行总结思考,希望从多方面为同行提供参考借鉴。     

A Collaborative View of Knowledge in a Knowledge Society: An International Perspective

This paper focuses on key topics that rose to the fore at the `Getting the Story Right' Joint Forum Assembly Meeting between business and higher education leaders of Australia, Canada, Japan, Poland, and the United States which was held in October 1998 in Banff, Canada. Arising from participant observation notes, conversations, document analysis, and reflective writing, the work centers on four major themes: the nature of knowledge and knowledge workers, the fundamental difference between training and learning, the short-term effects of shifting workplace and economic situations, and the long-term impact of intergenerational influences. Each of these knowledge-related themes emerged in collaborative discussions that transcended national, occupational, and cultural boundaries. The paper takes the position that dialogue regarding the nature and usefulness of knowledge paradoxically takes an inward view as it develops outwardly to the case of others and the world. In a collaborative process of this nature, an important dimension of shared human meaning making becomes briefly revealed.     

气质性情感对工作满意度的影响:基于中国情境的实证研究

本文关注中国情境下人格与工作满意度的关系.在回顾已有研究基础上,从受文化因素影响较大的气质性情感角度,研究人格对工作满意度的影响.实证结果验证了西方一些研究结论,本研究有一个重要发现,在中国情境下,气质性情感与工作满意度相关系数要明显低于国外元分析报告的结果,作者试图从文化的角度来解释其中原因.另外,气质性情感可以解释工作满意度21%的变异,说明在中国情境下,它也可以作为工作满意度的预测指标.     

A new quantitative method for assessing sleepiness: The alpha attenuation test

Abstract

Sleepiness interferes with the ability of night-workers and shiftworkers to safely and effectively perform their jobs, and has been increasingly recognized as a major cause of industrial and transportation accidents. Current methods for the assessment of physiological sleepiness levels, such as the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) have several limitations and are particularly impractical in field or occupational studies. In this study, the effectiveness of the Alpha Attenuation Test (AAT) for the quantification of sleepiness has been evaluated and compared to the MSLT during a 40-h sleep deprivation protocol. The AAT, a 12-min eye closed/open protocol, is a quantitative method based on the fact that EEG alpha (8-12 Hz) activity tends to increase with eyes open as individuals get sleepier, while it decreases with eyes closed. In this validation study, the AAT proved to be a sensitive measure of sleepiness induced by sleep deprivation, and it also correlated well with the MSLT. Relative to the MSLT, the AAT has the advantages of being objective, minimally intrusive, and more practical especially in industrial or field studies.     

A motivation and ability perspective on engagement in emerging digital technologies: The case of Internet of Things solutions

In this study, we advance two mechanisms that lead firms to engage in emerging digital technologies, namely, the dominant coalition's motivation and its ability to deploy the resources needed to pursue such motivation. Building on the performance and strategic development, and on board capital literature streams, we construe prior economic performance as a proxy of the firm's motivation, and human and social board capital as proxies of the firm's ability, analyzing their effect on adding emerging digital technologies, such as Internet of Things solutions, to the firm's resource base. Longitudinal analyses on a panel of Fortune 500 manufacturing firms between 2002 and 2012 reveal that these mechanisms highlight two important aspects of firm influence that can shape its digital technology behavior, explaining the heterogeneity and variability in firms engaging in emerging digital technologies.     

投入产出乘数的韩中比较:以产业关联模型的"一般关系"为中心

以韩国(1998年为准)与中国(1997年为准)的全国产业关联表为基本资料,对于产出物的"投入诱发系数矩阵"进行了新的推导.由此,对投入、雇佣及所得乘数进行了重新定义.本论文就是对乘数进行数量上的推算,进而对韩中两国进行比较与分析.     

The state of decision support systems: A review

Many organisations are now realising that information technology can make a significant contribution to their operations. Recent developments in decision support software are such that the time may have come when information technology will contribute significantly to managerial decision-making. This paper considers these developments alongside the organisational issues involved in decision-making, and the current position of IT in many mature organisations. The conclusion is that the new range of decision support software, whilst opening up further areas for computerised decision support, is unlikely to compete successfully for corporate IT funds. Use of the new tools will be restricted to small, isolated applications.     

信息化中高层支持的维度表现以及影响因素分析——一个本土案例研究

通过本土扎根研究对高层支持的维度组成以及影响因素进行探索性分析.提出一个基于本土管理实践的框架模型,目的在于进一步理解信息化变革中的高层行为并为变革提供一定程度的理论支持.研究结果发现,高层支持主要包括资源支持、变革支持等几个重要维度;环境压力、技术优势、管理压力是影响高层支持的重要原因.企业家精神作为调节变量会调节上述自变量与高层支持间的关系.     

What Motivates Individuals to Protect Themselves from Risks: The Case of Wildland Fires

This research investigates the cognitive perceptual process that homeowners go through when faced with the decision to protect themselves from the risk of wildfires. This decision can be examined by looking at the interaction between the integrated protection motivation theory-transtheoretical model and different levels of homeowners' subjective knowledge related to wildfire risks. We investigated the role of motivation, decision stages of risk readiness, and subjective knowledge on the number of risk-mitigating actions undertaken by homeowners living in high-risk communities. The results indicate that homeowners who are in an early or precontemplative stage (both low and high subjective knowledge) as well as low knowledge contemplatives are motivated by their perceived degree of vulnerability to mitigate the risk. In contrast, high knowledge contemplatives' potential behavioral changes are more likely to be motivated by increasing their perceptions of the severity of the risk. Risk-mitigating behaviors undertaken by high knowledge action homeowners are influenced by their perceptions of risk severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy. In contrast, the low knowledge action homeowners engage in risk reduction behaviors without the influence of any of the PMT variables; demonstrating their motivation to emulate others in their community. These results have implications for the type of information that should be used to effectively communicate risks in an effort to influence the diverse homeowner segments to engage in risk-reduction behaviors.     

弥补创新的中间断层——以华南理工大学工研院为例

目前我国产学研合作创新面临的中间断层危机很大程度上制约着企业技术创新能力的构建与可持续性竞争力的形成。本文基于产学研合作、知识转移、区域创新系统等理论,通过剖析珠三角区域创新系统内,华南理工大学工研院在产学研合作中充当的三重角色、知识转移模式和内外合作网络的架构,提出我国区域创新系统高校产学研合作创新的对策:(1)创业型大学是三螺旋模型的助推器,应该积极推动高校作为产学研合作的组织者和连接官产学研合作的纽带与桥梁;(2)提出嵌入企业学习机理的知识转移模式;(3)产学研合作组织者的关系镶嵌与网络能力是弥补产学研创新断层的关键。     

企业战略行动成败与行动进程安排之间的关系——合法性视角下的多案例研究

从合法性的视角出发,基于对7个案例的分析,考察了企业战略行动成败与行动进程安排之间的关系.研究发现: ①在初始合法性不完备,或者因政策变化导致战略行动面临合法性危机时,战略行动进程安排对战略行动成败有至关重要的影响;②战略行动的横向拆分和纵向拆分都有可能降低合法性要求,甚至改变合法性要求的性质,但是2种拆分方式应对合法性危机的效果是不同的;③对民营企业来说,为了应对合法性风险,应尽量选择横向拆分;④对国有企业来说,尽管横向拆分能够降低风险,但是却可能使项目萎缩,不能达到战略目标,而纵向拆分更有可能与政府利益进行捆绑,可以调动更多的力量支持自己的行为.     

A Discourse on the Incorporation of Organizational Factors into Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Key Questions and Categorical Review

This article presents a discourse on the incorporation of organizational factors into probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)/probabilistic safety assessment (PSA), a topic of debate since the 1980s that has spurred discussions among industry, regulatory agencies, and the research community. The main contributions of this article include (1) identifying the four key open questions associated with this topic; (2) framing ongoing debates by considering differing perspectives around each question; (3) offering a categorical review of existing studies on this topic to justify the selection of each question and to analyze the challenges related to each perspective; and (4) highlighting the directions of research required to reach a final resolution for each question. The four key questions are: (I) How significant is the contribution of organizational factors to accidents and incidents? (II) How critical, with respect to improving risk assessment, is the explicit incorporation of organizational factors into PRA? (III) What theoretical bases are needed for explicit incorporation of organizational factors into PRA? (IV) What methodological bases are needed for the explicit incorporation of organizational factors into PRA? Questions I and II mainly analyze PRA literature from the nuclear domain. For Questions III and IV, a broader review and categorization is conducted of those existing cross-disciplinary studies that have evaluated the effects of organizational factors on safety (not solely PRA-based) to shed more light on future research needs.     

Optimal Tracking and Testing of U.S. and Canadian Herds for BSE: A Value-of-Information (VOI) Approach

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) tests a subset of cattle slaughtered in the United States for bovine spongiform encephalitis (BSE). Knowing the origin of cattle (U.S. vs. Canadian) at testing could enable new testing or surveillance policies based on the origin of cattle testing positive. For example, if a Canadian cow tests positive for BSE, while no U.S. origin cattle do, the United States could subject Canadian cattle to more stringent testing. This article illustrates the application of a value-of-information (VOI) framework to quantify and compare potential economic costs to the United States of implementing tracking cattle origins to the costs of not doing so. The potential economic value of information from a tracking program is estimated to exceed its costs by more than five-fold if such information can reduce future losses in export and domestic markets and reduce future testing costs required to reassure or win back customers. Sensitivity analyses indicate that this conclusion is somewhat robust to many technical, scientific, and market uncertainties, including the current prevalence of BSE in the United States and/or Canada and the likely reactions of consumers to possible future discoveries of BSE in the United States and/or Canada. Indeed, the potential value of tracking information is great enough to justify locating and tracking Canadian cattle already in the United States when this can be done for a reasonable cost. If aggressive tracking and testing can win back lost exports, then the VOI of a tracking program may increase to over half a billion dollars per year.     

领导个人学习对组织学习成效的影响：基于情境型双元平衡的视角

已有研究重点关注了领导在组织学习过程中所发挥的支持性作用,忽视了领导个人学习对组织学习成效的直接影响。为了明确领导个人学习对组织学习成效影响的内在机制,本研究提出领导可以根据组织学习情境特征,采取与之相适应的探索式学习或利用式学习,调整组织内部的纵向知识流动和横向知识流动,从而在领导个人层面实现两种学习方式的双元平衡,在组织整体层面提高组织学习成效。基于智能体的计算机仿真实验表明,当组织处于弱学习情境时,领导应采取探索式学习应对与下属之间的纵向知识流动,采取利用式学习应对与其他领导之间的横向知识流动;当组织处于强学习情境时,无论是与下属之间的纵向知识流动,还是与其他领导之间的横向知识流动,领导均应采取探索式学习,这样才有助于提高组织整体的学习成效。     

学习型组织中的虚拟团队知识共享模型研究

传统的知识共享理论不能直接应用到虚拟团队知识共享研究之中,为克服虚拟团队知识共享存在的障碍,对交互记忆系统运作的核心--元记忆目录进行了扩展,加入元知识和社会网络2个维度,以帮助虚拟团队解决统一知识表述、规范专长认知、知识资源描述和展现内部实际沟通网络等问题.以扩展性元记忆目录为核心,建立了基于交互记忆理论的虚拟团队知识共享模型,并对知识共享模型各因素的相互关系进行了分析,提出了未来研究的结构方程模型.