城市新型社区居民自治组织的实证研究

通过对中国城市商品房小区居民管理组织的首次社会学调查,分析新型社区和业主的主要特征、业主对新型社区管理和社区居民自治组织的看法、业主委员会的性质和主要特点以及业主在参与社区公共事务方面的态度和行为,提出应建立符合市场经济原则的新型社区管理体制以及积极支持并培育居民民主自治能力。     

Adolescent fathers in urban communities: exploring their needs and role in preventing pregnancy

Reductions in the number of adolescent pregnancies in the US demand greater recognition of the role of adolescent males, especially in urban environments, and their developmental needs. With its person-in- environment orientation, the social work profession is in a strong position to ameliorate this gap in services. Key developmental issues for teenage males include "hanging out" with peers in networks that communicate information about social behaviors such as premarital sex, separation from one's parents, securing employment so that there can be financial independence, courtship and the consolidation of a male (e.g., macho) image, and identity formation. Since the resources necessary for positive identity formation are frequently unavailable in poor urban centers, impregnating an adolescent female may become an alternative source of self-esteem. Social workers should, with the assistance of the target population, carry out an assessment of all resources available in a given community to meet the developmental needs of adolescent males, identify significant gaps, determine the extent to which available resources are being used appropriately and develop strategies--in collaboration with young males--to provide access to existing resources or create new ones. A community forum framework has been most effective as a launching vehicle for pregnancy prevention programs.     

Leisure Education

This article presents the concept of using leisure time as a potential coping resource for family caregivers of impaired older persons, that could be facilitated through a leisure education program within a caregiver support group. Included is a review of literature relevant to stresses of caregivlng, barriers to caregivers' leisure involvement, and rationale for a leisure education program within a family caregiver support group. It is suggested that leisure education programs be based on the Peterson and Gunn leisure education model which consist of four components: leisure awareness, leisure activity skills, leisure resources, and social skills. Each component is considered in relation to caregivers' situations. Reasons for caregivers' resistance to intervention and outreach techniques are also discussed.     

Transforming child and family services in urban communities in South Africa: lessons from the South

Post‐apartheid, South African agencies have been required to shift their services in fundamental ways, including offering services in previously un‐resourced areas, honouring the rights of children and families, ensuring that users, staff and governing bodies are representative of the population and providing developmental social welfare services in place of child protection‐oriented interventions only. A study of urban South African child welfare agencies provides insight into the complex task of managing and leading change. In view of overloaded change agenda and resource constraints, managers focused on effecting incremental change and prioritized the most ‘rewarding’ change efforts. Transforming practice towards a developmental approach was less successful. Structural interventions were also not prioritized. Child welfare agencies internationally face demands to transform in response to the effects of local change and globalization. The study's insights might resonate with agencies working for change in other societal contexts.     

老年休闲与居家养老——以上海市某社区老年人休闲为例

截至2008年底,中国60岁以上老年人口近1,6亿,占总人口的12％。迅速到来的老龄化让整个社会聚焦养老问题,通过多年的摸索、试验、论证,各界大多认为社区居家养老是应对人口老龄化挑战的重要方式。老人退休后基本处于休闲状态,那么老年人的休闲活动与居家养老有无内在关系,是否会影响居家养老模式的推行呢？鉴于此,作者通过对老年人日常休闲的调查研究,试图揭示它与社区养老的内在逻辑,并就如何提高老年人的生活质量和顺利推进居家养老模式提出相应的对策。     

运动休闲的渊源及其激励效应

对休闲时间,大部分人都处于放任随性的状态,缺乏理性的规划。爱因斯坦说过：人的差异在于业余时间。随着休闲时代的到来,提高人们休闲生活的质量是现代生活方式的重要内容。研究运动休闲,从价值观和价值取向上,引导人们积极进行运动休闲,有助于养成个体健康的生活方式,培养休闲性的创新意识,并将休闲运动作为人力资本投资的形式,以鼓励社会网络支持运动休闲,有利于促进和谐社区的建设。     

论知识休闲的必然性

社会进步赋予公众更多的休闲时间,也赋予休闲更多的知识内涵,进步的社会观念推动公众选择高雅的休闲,因此,休闲活动的知识化是社会进步的必然要求。随着科学技术的发展,教育与其他知识活动都趋向休闲化,提供知识服务的公共场所,也越来越休闲化,而且必定在科技高度发达的未来社会里能够做到真正休闲化,因此,知识活动的休闲化是科技发展的必然结果。人类文明的发展方向是全社会成员都享有高度的自由,都能全面发展,并处于高度和谐的社会关系中,这需要通过知识休闲去实现。知识休闲必将成为全社会都享有的生活形态,知识休闲的社会化是人类文明发展的必然方向。     

劳动与闲暇:亚里士多德与马克思的比较研究

亚里士多德认为人是政治动物,哲学玄思是最高幸福,因此从事城邦事务的贵族必须拥有闲暇时间,必须脱离物质生产,沉浸在哲学玄思之中。马克思则认为人的本质在于改变世界的实践活动,而劳动正是这种实践的内容之一,但人的全面发展必须把人从劳动中解放出来,因此在马克思那里劳动和闲暇是有机地统一在一起的。     

黑土休闲文化论

地处北纬45度以北地区的黑土地,以其独有的地域特征,悠久的历史传承,多元的文化背景,衍生出多元的生活方式,融合了中外不同文脉和传统习俗,创造了黑土休闲文化特色品牌,彰显了黑土休闲文化的粗犷、豪放和独特的魅力.通过对其文化特征、生态构建、文化交融以及未来发展前景等方面的研究与探索,对黑土休闲文化的保护、传承、发展与创新具有深刻的现实意义和深远的历史意义.     

信息技术对休闲的双重效应

休闲是一个历史性的范畴。不同的历史时期它的内涵和表现方式是不一样的。信息技术使人的智力和体力获得了全方位解放的同时 ,也把人的休闲推到一个新境界。但信息技术的作用是双重的 ,它在促进休闲得以发展的同时 ,也带来了休闲的异化。提高主体各方面的能力 ,以克服信息技术对休闲的消极影响 ,这是个不可忽视的问题。     

Leisure Policy in France and the Reduction of Social Inequalities

In contemporary French society, despite extensive government intervention over the past half centuv, differential access to free time and to leisure facilities, together with differences in attitudes towards participation in cultural activities, remain good indicators of the social inequalities associated with gender, age, educational training, socio-occupational status and regional origins. Thejndings from recent government-sponsored national surueys and from other smaller scale empirical research highlight some of the most salient cultural inequalities persisting in leisure behaviour in France today. The evidence suggests that gender deferences, while still acting as one of the main discriminators in leisure behaviour, are most meaningful when considered in relation to age, correlated in turn with the level of educational attainment, family circumstances and socio-occupational status. A survey of the leisure policies pursued ly successive French governments in the post-war period demonstrates how the state has intervened increasingly with the overt objective of reducing social inequalities and breaking down the traditional cultural and economic barriers affecting access to leisure.     

节假日与休闲消费关系研究——兼论我国假日制度改革

可支配收入与闲暇时间是人们进行休闲消费的必要条件,本文通过实证分析发现政府财政支出、城镇居民可支配收入、假日天数、节日次数都是我国居民休闲消费的重要影响因素,其中城镇居民的可支配收入、休假时间以及两者的交互作用对居民休闲消费的影响最为显著。这表明,在提高居民收入的同时适当延长休假时间可以有效拉动我国居民的休闲消费。通过与其他国家的休假时间进行比较,发现我国休假时间有延长的可能。本文建议:改革我国假日制度、扩大居民休闲消费。     

Adolescent Leisure Activities: Social Class,Sex and Ethnic Differences

It has been suggested that leisure is increasingly important to quality of life, and that patterns of awareness of and participation in leisure activities are established in adolescence. A study of 520 fifteen-year-olds mapped their awareness of leisure opportunities in school and community, explored patterns in the forms of leisure they see as possible for themselves, and examined differences in awareness associated with sex, social class and ethnicity. In all dimensions significant variations were associated with gender; in most cases these tended to diminish, however, with decreasing socioeconomic status. Variations on the basis of ethnicity were limited mainly to home activities.     

北京市老年人休闲生活研究

本文基于对北京市老年人休闲生活的抽样调查数据,描绘了老年人日常休闲活动的日程安排;概述了老年人在体育、文娱兴趣、学习、公益及旅行游玩5大类休闲活动的参与情况;采用聚类分析的方法将老年人口及其休闲行为分成3个类别,并进行了类间比较;探讨了伴侣、子女及友人等在休闲和日常生活中的陪伴对老年人社会支持的提升以及对休闲生活品质的促进作用。     

Loneliness in senior housing communities

There are many studies on loneliness among community-dwelling older adults; however, there is limited research examining the extent and correlates of loneliness among older adults who reside in senior housing communities. This study examines the extent and correlates of loneliness in three public senior housing communities in the St. Louis area. Data for this project was collected with survey questionnaires with a total sample size of 148 respondents. Loneliness was measured using the Hughes 3-item loneliness scale. Additionally, the questionnaire contained measures on socio-demographics, health/mental health, social engagement, and social support. Missing data for the hierarchical multivariate regression models were imputed using multiple imputation methods. Results showed approximately 30.8% of the sample was not lonely, 42.7% was moderately lonely, and 26.6% was severely lonely. In the multivariate analyses, loneliness was primarily associated with depressive symptoms. Contrary to popular opinion, our study found the prevalence of loneliness was high in senior housing communities. Nevertheless, senior housing communities could be ideal locations for reducing loneliness among older adults. Interventions should focus on concomitantly addressing both an individual’s loneliness and mental health.     

对乡村集市休闲旅游资源开发的初步探讨

我国乡村集市浓缩了当地的历史变迁、文化传统、民风习俗等,在农村地区的经济、社会与文化发展中,乡村集市发挥着独特而重要的作用,其可用于开发休闲旅游业的潜在资源也非常丰富,包括街头杂耍表演、特色风味小吃、民间传统手工技艺、当地聚居建筑等.我国体闲旅游产业刚刚起步,发展乡村集市休闲旅游不仅有着广阔的市场,也能够极大丰富我国的旅游市场,并对繁荣我国农村经济、推动新农村建设具有重要意义.开发乡村集市休闲旅游也是我国发展旅游业的一项新课题,在理论研究领域,亟须加强对乡村集市休闲旅游的市场定位、资源类别、产品开发等方面的探讨,以引导和规范乡村集市休闲旅游业发展.     

北京市居民休闲时间不平等研究

基于1996-2016年中国人民大学中国休闲经济研究中心关于北京市居民生活时间分配调查数据,发现这20年居民休闲时间不平等现象与不同受教育程度群体的休闲时间差异有关.受教育程度越高,工作时间越长,休闲时间越短;受教育程度越低,工作时间越短,休闲时间越长.群体间受教育程度的差异带来时间经济价值的不同,从而导致休闲时间的不平等以及收入的不平等,而收入的不平等又进一步加剧休闲时间的不平等.另外,受教育程度低群体的休闲时间主要来自于无业群体的非自愿休闲,从而拉大了不同受教育程度群体休闲时间的差距.