哪些老年人更倾向于入住养老院？--基于江苏农村地区的实证调查数据

在城市化加速发展、家庭结构迅速小型化及人口老龄化加剧的社会形势下,农村老年人对养老院的入住意愿正在发生变化。以江苏省为例,运用 Logistic 模型对农村老年人养老院入住意愿进行回归分析。研究结果表明,农村老年人对养老院的入住意愿主要受文化程度、个人月收入、健康状况、存活女儿数、共同生活人数以及晚年生活满意度等因素的影响。政策含义在于,尊重农村老年人对养老院的入住意愿,推动农村地区养老服务事业发展;充分考虑农村地区经济发展水平,对农村养老机构的层次和规模进行战略规划;从农村地区实际出发,对农村养老院功能定位进行适当的引导。     

中国农村老年人养老院居住意愿的影响因素研究

利用西安交通大学人口研究所2006年在安徽省巢湖地区进行的"安徽省老年人生活福利状况"抽样调查数据,采用Logistic多元回归模型,分析老年人社会经济状况、健康状况、孝道观念和代际支持因素对老年人入住养老院意愿的影响。居家养老符合大部分农村老年人的愿望,但也有相当一部分老年人对机构养老抱有期待。传统的孝道观念对于农村老年人选择养老院养老起到了阻碍作用。慢性病所带来的医疗需求是老年人愿意入住养老院的动机之一。老年人在居家养老中更重视感情上的"孝",而子女给予的实际的"养"并不能降低老年人入住养老院的意愿。     

养老资本对老年人机构养老意愿影响的作用机制研究

利用可持续生计框架和行为模型,构建体现老年人生存和发展能力的养老资本,分析养老资本对老年人机构养老意愿的影响以及子代支持对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现,城市老人的养老资本存量、子代支持和机构养老意愿都高于农村老人;综合养老资本对老年人机构养老意愿存在显著负向影响,金融资本提高老人机构养老意愿,社会资本和物质资本则反之;养老资本对老年人机构养老意愿影响存在群体差异,养老资本越丰富,农村老人和多子女老人意愿越低,城市老人和失能老人则相反;子代支持对养老资本与老年人机构养老意愿关系的调节作用显著,养老资本和子代支持在影响老人机构养老意愿中具有明显的替代关系。结果表明,城市老人和失能老人的机构养老需求更大,且丰富的养老资本尤其是金融资本和人力资本鼓励有需求的老人选择机构养老。因此,政府有关部门应联合社会团体、民间资本,推进养老机构高质量发展,满足老年人多样化照料需求。     

中国独生子女与多子女老年人养老意愿的比较分析北大核心CSSCI

文章利用2018年“中国老年社会追踪调查”数据分析独生子女、多子女老年人的养老意愿及其影响因素。研究发现城乡超过40%的老年人有入住养老院意愿,拥有独生子女的老年人半数以上预期会入住养老院,远高于拥有2孩及以上的多子女老年人。日常得到子女情感支持的独生子女、多子女老年人更可能选择居家养老;家庭中实际养老照料人越多的多子女老年人入住养老院的可能性越低。居住社区差异对独生子女、多子女老年人的养老意愿具有显著影响,居住在街坊型社区与商品房社区的独生子女、多子女老年人入住养老院的意愿更高;居住在保障性住房社区的多子女老年人更可能选择居家养老。区域社会经济差异会促使多子女老年人、东部和东北部地区的独生子女老年人入住养老院的意愿上升,同时会促使中部、西部地区的独生子女老年人入住养老院的意愿降低。城镇户籍会增强独生子女、多子女老年人入住养老院的意愿,且这种促进效应在同一区域内的多子女老年人中更为突出。少子老龄化时期社会养老服务体系规划需要根据老年人的差异性和多样性做出适度调整。     

中国老年人口的养老意愿及其城乡差异——基于中国老年社会追踪调查数据的分析

老年人的养老意愿是建立养老服务体系必须考虑的重要方面.文章根据中国人民大学2014年"中国老年社会追踪调查"数据,分析我国老年人的养老意愿及其影响因素.采用多分类Logit回归模型比较城市和农村老年人的居住意愿.分析发现城市老年人的居住意愿受个体、家庭、社区三类因素的共同影响,呈现多元化特点,而对农村老年人居住意愿有显著影响的因素则基本集中于家庭因素.结果表明城市老年人更趋向于独立居住或入住养老机构,而农村老年人对社会养老服务的需求更取决于家庭成员的态度和支持程度.     

农村养老服务供给侧改革的研究理路与实现方式

农村养老服务是国家和社会为了满足农村老年人的基本生活需求而为其提供的经济供养、生活照料、医疗卫生护理及精神慰藉等服务的总称.伴随人口老龄化进程的加快,农村养老服务需求日益增加,并因农村老年群体分异而出现了需求分化现象,但从农村养老服务供给结构的布局上看,无论是供给内容、供给主体还是供给模式都不能有效满足农村老年人的养老需求,存在着供需失衡的结构性困境.为推进农村养老服务供给侧改革,可从坚持政府的核心供给地位、引导社会组织参与提供养老服务、激发市场供给的活力和鼓励家庭养老的优先供给四个方面做文章.     

农村社会养老服务需求意愿的实证分析——基于甘肃563位老人问卷调查

本文针对甘肃农村人口老龄化的发展态势及当前农村养老服务存在的各种问题,基于甘肃农村563位老年人问卷调查和知情人访谈获取的数据资料,就甘肃农村老年人口对养老服务方式和养老服务项目的需求意愿进行了分析.分析结果表明:在养老服务方式上,绝大多数甘肃农村老年人口愿意居家养老并享受家庭和社区提供的各种养老服务;在养老服务项目上,甘肃农村老年人对医疗护理和临终照料的服务需求最为强烈.鉴于当前加速发展的城镇化和家庭人口小型化给农村养老服务已构成了严峻挑战,本文从农村机构养老服务建设、养老服务信息化平台建设和养老服务队伍专业化多样化建设等方面提出了相应对策建议,以利于甘肃及我国农村养老服务体系的建设和发展.     

老年人口居住安排与居住意愿研究

文章基于2011年中国社会状况调查数据,分析城乡老年人口居住安排现状及居住意愿。研究结果表明,老年人口家庭规模日益缩小,老年空巢家庭数量不仅在城市大幅提高,农村的独居老人家庭比例也在持续上升。在老年人理想居住方式方面,能否自理对老年人的养老意愿产生很大影响。在生活可以自理时,老年人以居家养老为主,希望独居的比例较高;在生活不能自理时,城市老人希望到机构养老和与子女同住的比例提高。此外,婚姻状况、教育程度、居住地类型、生活费来源等对养老的居住安排有显著影响。     

欠发达地区农村互助型社会养老服务的发展

为应对欠发达地区农村老年人精神孤独和失能老人无人照料、 资金和人员又严重短缺的现实困境,本研究从国家养老战略的高度提出了在欠发达地区农村发展"互助型社会养老服务"的新概念."互助型社会养老服务"并非以往所指的互助养老模式,而是社会养老服务的一种发展形式,重点在于通过多元社会力量的共同推动,达到组织农村老年人从依赖家庭走向自助互助的目的.通过本研究分析可以发现,与城市和发达地区农村相比,在欠发达地区大力发展互助型社会养老服务具有更强的必要性和可行性.同时,笔者认为,在未来人口老龄化速度不断加快、 老年人口数量大幅增加的情况下,老年人之间的"自助—互助"形式将会是我国社会养老服务的重要选择.     

城市老年人选择养老院养老的影响因素研究--基于扎根理论的分析

随着社会组织形态和家庭结构的改变,养老院养老模式成为解决现代社会养老问题的必然选择。在对烟台市的42名老人进行深度访谈的基础上,运用扎根理论的开放式登录、关联式登录和核心式登录的三级编码技术,构建城市老年人选择养老院养老的影响因素模型。研究结果表明,影响城市老年人选择养老院养老的因素主要包括老人、子女和养老院因素三个方面,并据此给出了提升城市老年人选择养老院养老的对策建议。     

Living Arrangement and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly in South Korea

With a rapid aging population in South Korea, the elderly living alone has received particular attention from researchers and stakeholders. Although previous research has found that living alone negatively affects life satisfaction of the elderly, much remains unclear about how life satisfaction of the elderly changes over time as their living arrangement change. To advance knowledge on life satisfaction of the elderly, using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging we tested the association between life satisfaction (overall life, health, and financial) of the elderly and their living arrangement. Our longitudinal research found that the elderly living with family had significantly higher life satisfaction compared to those living alone between 2006 and 2016. In addition, individuals who had a superior economic profile and maintained physical activity and social relations showed higher life satisfaction than their counterparts. Our findings suggest that to improve the life satisfaction of the elderly living alone, both material and psychological support programs are needed. Future research is needed to account for the multi-faceted nature of life satisfaction.

     

The Study on the Satisfaction of the Elderly People Living with Their Children

In today’s society, with the aging population, the satisfaction of the elderly people is highly connected with the social sustainability. This article used the data of the Chinese Health and the Pension Follow-up Survey from CHARLS in 2013 to analyze the relation between the elderly people’s satisfaction and their living arrangement. Based on the control of the influential factors on the individual, family and the regional level, this article used ordinary least square regression method to find out that the elderly people’s satisfaction will be deceased because of living with their children. However, the elderly people’s dissatisfaction will be vanished along with the growth of the age of the elderly. Therefore, the elderly people’s living arrangements have been changed, to maintain the satisfaction of the elderly in China, the appropriate health care and other activities should be redesigned and developed for the elderly who live by themselves.     

Quality of Life of Institutionalized Elderly in Brazil

When considering the increasing proportion of institutionalized elderly and the aim of better quality of life for this growing population, it is necessary to know the quality of life for residents in nursing homes in Brazil, which is the purpose of this review. This is a simple review whose research was performed in electronic databases Journal Portal CAPES, Scopus and Bireme. The latter covers information about the subject registered in the SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Identified studies were assessed according to the following inclusion criteria: (1) population (institutionalized elderly in Brazil), (2) theme (quality of life) and (3) quantitative approach. According to this review, most studies that compared the quality of life of residents and nonresidents in nursing homes revealed that the institutionalized elderly have a worse perception of quality of life, possibly due to factors that cause the institutionalization and influence this self-perception, such as age, sex, education, lifestyle, autonomy and social participation. Among the domains evaluated in the questionnaire for quality of life the perception of autonomy and environmental aspects were the least satisfied by the institutionalized elderly. To improve the quality of life it is essential that the community living in the institutional space promote the autonomy of the elderly. Public policies that make a difference to the well being of older people need to be maintained, expanded and strengthened continuously to new strategies that respond to demands arising from rapid population aging and promote quality of life improvement.     

健康冲击、基本医疗保险与老年人“退而不休”

在我国进入深度老龄化、劳动力供给不足的背景下,探究健康以及基本医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响对未来合理有效开发老年人力资源具有重要意义。本文使用四期CHARLS数据将健康冲击、医疗保险与老年人退而不休放在一个统一的分析框架中,分别考察了健康冲击、新农合以及城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响,并进一步探究了医疗保险对老年人退而不休影响的健康异质性。结果表明:健康冲击对老年人退而不休意愿和劳动时间均有显著正向促进效应,且对劳动时间的影响有明显城乡差异,对农村地区影响更大。新农合会明显激励农村老年人选择退而不休,发生比率提高为未参合时的3.59倍,但会降低劳动时间,全年平均减少了21.21天;而城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休意愿没有显著影响,但会增加劳动时间,全年平均增加了13.92天,且对劳动时间供给更多的个体,其激励效应逐渐减弱。同时,医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响还存在性别差异,其中新农合对女性退而不休意愿影响更大,但对劳动时间并没有显著的性别差异;而职工医疗保险对女性退而不休意愿、对男性劳动时间影响更大。此外,本文还发现医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响存在健康异质性,对健康变差的群体影响更大。     

农村留守老人社区照料模式构建及可行性研究

随着人口老龄化及人口迁移的频繁,农村留守老人的照料问题日益凸显。文章通过分析农村现有养老保障制度的缺陷,构建了农村留守老人社区照料服务模式并进行了可行性分析,认为农村社区服务建设应该充分用现有制度和资源,通过完善政策和组织管理制度、广泛争取社会资源才能解决当前农村留守老人服务资源短缺的现实,进而促进农村社区服务的专业化和农村服务产业健康发展。     

Psychological Adjustment of Elderly Women:

Elderly women are much more likely than elderly men to be admitted to nursing homes. Institutionalization is both a reaction to and a cause of the rupture of women's social support systems. An ecological model of social support is used to explain differences in elderly women's psychological adjustment to communi!' and institutional life. The results of a twelve-month study of 40 el erly women are presented to provide empirical support for this ecological model. It would not be difficult to make institutions more responsive to the psychological and social needs of elderly residents. Several practical suggestions for creating ecologically sound nursing homes are presented.     

Health Care Service Needs and Correlates of Quality of Life: A Case Study of Elderly Chinese Immigrants in Canada

This study explored the health care service needs and the major correlates of quality of life among 127 community-dwelling elderly Chinese immigrants in a western Canadian city. Participants were interviewed in their homes by trained, bilingual interviewers employing a structured questionnaire that covered a wide range of topics including health care service needs, living arrangements, health status, social network, life satisfaction, and socio-demographic information. Results demonstrated that ethnic nursing homes, senior centres that provide programs and services, and homemaker services were respondents’ major service needs. Multiple ordinary least-squares regression analysis revealed that respondents who emigrated from Mainland China and those who exhibited greater psychological well-being, reported being physically more mobile, perceived fewer service needs, and expressed satisfaction with the quality of their neighbourhood demonstrated higher levels of life satisfaction.     

中国老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响 ——基于CHARLS面板数据的分析

在我国快速老龄化和居民储蓄率居高不下的背景下,结合老年人储蓄偏好和消费特点,构建家庭消费计量分析模型,文章利用CHARLS2011、2013、2015年微观跟踪调查数据,采用工具变量—随机效应模型划分年龄层次和消费类别逐级估计,重点考察老年人储蓄对其家庭消费的影响。研究表明,老年人储蓄水平越高,对家庭消费的促进能力就越强;分城乡来看,农村老年人储蓄对家庭消费的贡献更大;按年龄组别来看,中、低龄老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响显著,高龄老年人储蓄对家庭消费的影响不显著;按消费类别看,老年人储蓄偏重于家庭基本生活、教育文化、健康等刚性消费支出,城镇和农村老年人储蓄对不同消费类别影响的差异主要表现在日常支出、医疗保健和耐用消费品等方面。此外,研究还发现,老年人拥有房产对家庭消费具有非常明显的提振作用,家庭收入和老年人借贷对家庭消费的贡献显著。