橡胶隔振器在实现变压器减振降噪中的应用

本文分析了变压器振动和噪声产生的机理，传播途径和各种影响因素，介绍了橡胶隔振器在变压器减振降噪中的应用。     

噪声交易的存在对中国股市的影响

随着行为金融学的不断发展和完善,有效市场假说面临人们越来越多的质疑,而经济人假说更是遭到广泛批评。事实证明,包括证券市场投资在内的整个经济活动中的个人行为并非是完全合乎理性的,换言之,市场中也时刻存在许多非理性的交易行为,而这被称为噪声交易。本文通过分析噪声交易的来源及其分类,并结合中国股票市场的发展历史和实际情况,着重探讨噪声交易的形成、演变及其影响,以相应的分析和说明为基础,研究当前中国证券市场的发展特点和发展方向,就噪声交易的不利影响提出合理的政策建议,从而促进包括证券市场在内的整个国民经济的健康稳定发展,并对相关的改革举措进行深入探讨,以明确其政策走向。结论对证券市场的改革和其发展有一定的启示。     

城市噪声源与防治

综述了城市噪声的产生源及噪声对人居环境的危害,总结了控制噪声产生和传播的措施。     

对跳广场舞立法,只有抓好落实才有意义

日前,广州市人大常委会对草拟的《广州市公园条例》进行第二次审议。《条例》明确噪声限值不搞全市“一刀切”,规定住宅等噪声敏感区域50米内禁跳广场舞,同时对跳舞时间段和时间“设限”。当下,广场舞深受中老年人欢迎,公园、社区广场,     

汽车常见NVH问题与解决方案

汽车的NVH性能是汽车的重要性能之一，影响汽车噪声振动性能的因素很多。文中通过对汽车的噪声振动的试验，发现一些由动力总成系统、传动系统及进排气系统等引起的车内振动噪声问题，在理论上分析了产生这些问题的主要原因并对问题车辆以尽可能短的时间，小改动、低费用地改进，以达到车辆设计的NVH性能要求。解决问题的方法和思路对从事汽车NVH工作的人员有一定的指导意义。     

化害为利的噪声发电站

城市里的噪声污染是我们每天都要面对的令人头疼的问题。你有没有想过把这些噪声利用起来？最近,韩国研究人员发明了一种＂声雷＂噪声发电机,在有效消除噪声的同时,还可以利用这些噪声来发电,为节能减排做出特殊的贡献。     

国外城市机场噪声治理的多元路径及其启示

20世纪80年代以来,随着中国城市发展速度的持续提升,各级各类城市机场的建设步伐也不断加快,时至今日,机场已经成为了许多城市重要的对外交通枢纽和新的城市商业中心。但以噪声污染为重要表征的负外部性输出,在中国城市机场也呈现出蔓延之势。文章通过相关文献资料梳理发现,国外对城市机场噪声的治理一般通过机场规划、降噪技术、噪声征税、制度规制、强化绿化等多种路径展开。了解国外治理城市机场噪声的实践探索,对于我们寻求中国城市机场噪声治理的未来道路,具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。     

城市公交车辆噪声防治研究

该文对公交车辆的噪声进行多方面测试,分析原因,提出改进措施。     

住宅夜间噪声禁超30分贝

国家环保部首次公布了《社会生活环境噪声排放标准》，明确规定医院病房、住宅卧室、宾馆客房等以休息睡眠为主、需要保证安静的房间，夜间（22：00至次日6：00）噪声不得超过30分贝，白天（6：00至22：00）不得超过40分贝。从今年10月1日起，市民将可根据新出台的噪声标准判断所处区域的噪声是否超标。     

柴油机工作噪声的机理与防治

柴油机由于压缩比高、压力升高率大等原因,其噪声比汽油机高得多.柴油机噪声直接影响到其动力性、经济性及可靠性,也影响到柴油机的使用寿命和周边环境.一般柴油机的噪声分为四类:机械噪声、进排气噪声、风扇噪声和燃烧噪声.下面分别介绍这四类噪声的产生机理及防治方法.     

Mapping of noise impact provoked by the execution of foundation piles at high rise building sites

The objective of this work is to map, in a limited area inside and outside of the worksite, the environmental impact generated by sound pollution coming from the driving of foundation piles for high rise buildings, as well as to observe and check if the noise levels produced by the emitting source are tolerable in the urban environment. The methodology of the work includes a survey of technical references about the subject; measurement of noises surrounding the worksite during the foundation phase for four distinct buildings, with different types of piles: prefabricated piles, continuous helical displacement piles , traditional compaction piles and Terra Probe compaction piles. A grid of points was built due to the time of driving and after that the measurements of environmental noises were performed emitted by the execution of each type of pile using a sound level meter. The interpretation of the measurements and their impacts on the neighborhood of the building were performed using the computational tool Suffer for creating noise level contours. The X and Y axes of the grid represent the distances in meters of the area studied and the Z axis represents the noise measured in dB. The contours developed represent the mapping of the noise at the worksites and their surroundings. The mapping of the urban impact of noise, the measurement of its dimensions, and the examination of its propagation around the building are important subsides to adequate individual and collective protection procedures. Seventy one points were measured at four building sites with different types of piles, and the results showed that at only three points was the noise within the limits of the Municipal Law of Recife of 70 dB, which proves the relevance of the research. Finally, the comparative analysis between the four types of piles shows that the continuous helical displacement pile emits the lowest noise level among the four pile types studied.     

Talking about The Shape of Water: three women dip their toes in

Abstract

This article is about a film called The Shape of Water by Guillermo del Toro, which was released in 2017 and won the Best Picture award at the 2018 Oscars. The three authors of this article, all friends, had each enjoyed The Shape of Water, so went for a second viewing together. Our enjoyment had been somewhat at odds with criticisms of the film, mostly made by other members of the disabled people’s community/disabled academics. After seeing the film again, we found it to be a ground-breaking portrayal of a disabled woman. This article is a summary of the discussion which ensued. Our discussion of The Shape of Water is a current issue because we found ourselves disagreeing with, and questioning, a number of complaints about the representation of disability and impairment within the film. At a time when the film industry is making noises about inclusion, it is important that we know what we are asking for, and avoid demands which may be counterproductive to the cultural recognition of disabled people. This film is still being shown in cinemas in the UK and elsewhere.     

Noise analysis in professional office chairs

The noise caused by the movement of users on their chairs in the work environment may indicate structural weaknesses and risk, and still significantly reduce productivity by increasing employees stress level. By understanding the activities to be developed in a work place one may understand what should be necessary to a good development, thereafter a search for improvement of labor activity with the aim of better use of resources in the operation of product use may be done. The analysis of the incremental variation of noise in professional chairs aims to identify its origin and the time the emission of noise starts during the period of use, its development and the major causative agents. Determining the characteristics of the sound of different materials and adjustments mechanisms of the chair can determine how different materials interact with each other. The measurement of these noises in an acoustic isolated room using directional microphones, if recorded and analyzed properly makes it possible to investigate and orientate to suspect elements in order to propose solutions and identify the quality of other similar chairs. Based on the results recommendations can be established for the orientation of users, managers and people responsible for the acquisition of the products, inducing them to review the employment of materials and the choice of the processes of production. These aspects are not covered in the Brazilian ergonomics norms and standards in the use of chairs.     

Seclusion. The nursing challenge.

The research to date shows that there is not much data to guide nursing decisions about the use of seclusion. The justification for its use is not always as clear as one might hope. Although many patients are secluded for violence against themselves or others, there are others who have not been violent who are secluded. There may be justification for secluding violent patients, but, as indicated earlier, it may reinforce the behavior it is designed to stop. There probably is no justification for secluding patients who make loud noises, refuse to take medication, or refuse to participate in activities. In addition, it is disconcerting that a large percentage of patients are secluded for "escalating agitation," that is, they have not acted violently against themselves or others. What is problematic is that staff are undoubtedly predicting violent behaviors in these patients--predictions that might be erroneous. Thus, there is ample room for injustice to occur. The potential for injustice is even greater if certain patients are singled out for seclusion or if patients are secluded longer than they or the staff think that they need to be, as is indicated in some of the studies to date. Moreover, if unit variables are associated with seclusion activity, this too, may be indicative of decision making at certain times of the day or by certain staff members that may not be in the best interest of the patient. What seems fairly clear is that secluding a patient is a distressing event for staff and is viewed extremely negatively by some patients and as a reward by others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Any Way You Cut It: Meat Processing and Small-Town America, edited by Donald Stull, Michael Broadway, and David Griffith. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1995, 269 pages. Cloth, $35.00; paper, $17.95. The Changing American Countryside: Rural People and Places, edited by Emery Castle. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1995, 563 pages. Cloth, $45.00; paper, $25.00. Work, Self and Society: After Industrialization, by Catherine Casey. London and New York: Routledge, 1995, 264 pages. Cloth, $19.95. The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control, by Malcolm W. Klein: New York: Oxford University Press, 1995, 270 pages. Cloth, $27.50. Lenin, Hegel, and Western Marxism, by Kevin Anderson. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1995, 311 pages. Cloth, $19.95.Roads to Dominion: Right-Wing Movements and Political Power in the United States, by Sara Diamond. New York: Guilford Press, 1995, 445 pages. Paper, $19.95. Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity, and Work in the Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870–1924, by Kathie Friedman-Kasaba. New York: State University of New York Press, 1996, 242 pages. Paper, $19.95. Feminism and Social Change: Bridging Theory and Practice, edited by Heidi Gottfried. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996, 286 pages. Cloth, $55.95; paper, $16.50. Engendering Motherhood: Identity and Self-Transformation in Women's Lives, by Martha McMahon. New York: Guilford Press, 1995,324 pages. Paper, $15.25. Talking Union, by Judith Stepan-Norris and Maurice Zeitlin. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1996, 277 pages. Cloth, $39.95; paper, $15.95. Im/partial Science: Gender Ideology in Molecular Biology, by Bonnie B. Spanier. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995, 227 pages. Paper, $15.45. Resisting Reagan: The U.S. Central America Peace Movement, by Christian Smith. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996, 464 pages. Paper, $16.95. American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture, by Joane Nagel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 298 pages. Cloth, $45.00.     

Abstracts

Avery, A., Ridley, C, Leslie, L., and Milholland, T. Relationship Enhancement with Premarital Dyads: A Six-Month Followup. American Journal of Family Therapy , 1980, 8 , 3, 23–31.
Bader, E., Microys, G., Sinclair, C, Willett, E. and Conway, B. Do Marriage Preparation Programs Really Work: A Canadian Experiment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 1980, 6 , 2, 171–179.
Hof, L., Epstein, N., and Miller, W. Integrating Attitudinal and Behavioral Change in Marital Enrichment. Family Relations , 1980, 29 , 241–248.
L'Abate, L. Screening Couples for Marital Enrichment Programs. American Journal of Family Therapy , 1980, 8 , 3, 74–77.
Nelson, R. C. and Friest, W. P. Marital Enrichment through Choice Awareness. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 1980, 6, 4, 399–407.
Wagner, V, Weeks, G. and L'Abate, L. Enrichment and Written Message with Couples. American Journal of Family Therapy , 1980, 8 , 3, 36–45.
Wampler, K. S., and Sprenkle, D. H., The Minnesota Couple Communication Program: A Follow-Up Study, Journal of Marriage and the Family, August , 1980, 42 , 3, 577–584.     

Effective management of adolescents with anorexia and bulimia

1. Anorexia and bulimia are common among adolescents, and both are complex, chronic disorders with high comorbidity and significant complications and mortality. 2. Eating disorders cultivate shame, denial, and lack of insight, making treatment difficult and necessitating careful development of a therapeutic alliance. 3. Treatment goals are to correct the biological and psychological sequelae, prevent or correct complications, restore normal eating patterns, reduce binging and purging, promote understanding and change in dysfunctional behaviors and attitudes, improve intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, restore normal exercise patterns, and address comorbid psychopathology and psychological conflicts.     

Racial,Ethnic, and National Boundaries: Sexual Intersections and Symbolic Interactions

Sex and race are strained, if not strange, bedfellows. Sexual depictions and denigrations of racial, ethnic, and national “others” and the regulation of in‐group sexual behavior are important mechanisms by which ethnic boundaries are constructed, maintained, and defended. Race, ethnicity, and the nation are sexualized, and sexuality is racialized, ethnicized, and nationalized. The sexual systems that prop up ethnic boundaries and define ethnic identities and communities tend to be inherently conservative blueprints for ethnosexual living. These systems stress endogamy, heterosexuality and reproduction under the rubric of traditional, often patriarchal family life for ethnic group members and tend to demonize and denigrate the sexuality of those outside ethnic boundaries or of those within ethnic communities who do not conform to heteronormative, heteroconventional models of sexuality. I present several examples of the intersections of race, ethnicity, nationalism, and sexuality/ies from U.S. and international settings, and I argue that the symbolic interaction between ethnicity and sexuality is central to their mutual constitution.     

Book Reviews

Erving Goffman and Modern Sociology , Philip Manning
The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies , Anthony Giddens
Sport and Leisure in the Civilizing Process: Critique and Counter-Critique , Eric Dunning and Chris Rojek (eds)
The Symbol Theory , Norbert Elias
The Reflexive Thesis: Wrighting Sociology of Scientific Knowledge , Malcolm Ashmore
Feminine Sentences: Essays on Women and Culture , Janet Wolff
The Woman in Question – m/f , Parveen Adams and Elizabeth Cowie (eds)
Studying Collective Action , Mario Diani and Ron Eyerman, (eds)
Social Movements: A Cognitive Approach , Ron Eyerman and Andrew Jamison
Social Classes and Social Relations in Britain, 1850–1914 , A.J. Reid
Property, Bureaucracy and Culture: Middle-Class Formation in Contemporary Britain , M. Savage, J. Barlow, P. Dickens and T. Fielding
Critical Management Studies , M. Alvesson and H. Willmott, (eds)
White-Collar Crime: Criminal Justice and Criminology , Hazel Croall
Discrimination and Public Policy in Northern Ireland , R.J. Cormack and Osbome, R.D.
The Gypsies , Angus Fraser     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Walrond-Skinner, Sue, and Watson, David. Ethical issues in family therapy .
Huber, Charles H. and Baruth, Leroy G., Ethical, legal and professional issues in the practice of marriage and family therapy .
Bader, Ellyn and Pearson, Peter T. In quest of the mythical mate: A developmental approach to diagnosis and treatment in couples therapy .
Nichols, William, C. Marital therapy: An integrative approach .
Wallerstein, Judith S. and Blakeslee, Sandra. Second chances: Men, women and children a decade after divorce. Who wins, who loses and why .
McGoldrick, M., Anderson, C.A., and Walsh, F. (Eds). Women in families: A framwork for family therapy .