管理自主权:融会中国与西方、连接宏观与微观

国际管理学界有关"融会西方与东方、连接宏观与微观"的呼吁,为中国管理学界实现"立足中国实践、创新管理理论"提供了契机。作为"管理的精髓","管理自主权"的概念根植于西方理论,却贯穿于中国国有企业改革的历史进程,且对解决国家进一步发展面临的两个重要问题具有现实意义。本文回顾了管理自主权的相关研究:首先,从经济、管理和心理等不同学科视角,厘清其本质与内涵,归纳其测量方法;随后,考察了多个层次的前因,以及不同内容的效应;之后,我们从公司治理、企业战略与制度建设三大领域,总结了中国情境下的实践启示。最后,从情境、内涵、测量、前因、效应与方法等6个方面,本文指出了既有研究不足与未来研究方向,并构建出"宏观—微观—宏观"的系统分析框架。     

实践导向的管理理论研究:内涵、机制与成果评价——2011’“中国·实践·管理”论坛观点述评

2011’"中国·实践·管理"论坛以"直面中国的管理实践"为主题,从实践导向的管理研究的内涵、机制和成果评价进行了丰富而有启发性的探讨。论坛强调"中国实践导向的管理理论研究"的价值,认真探索中国情境理论化的方法和实例,达成了源于中国管理实践的理论研究基本共识,呼吁正确评价实践导向的管理理论研究,强化了"直面中国管理实践"的学术导向的影响,期望学术界与实践界的合作更加紧密。     

中国横向整合企业竞争策略组合与组织协调性:转型期制度情境的调节作用

受到市场分割制度情境的影响,中国横向整合企业当前处于同时跟跨国公司和区域企业"两线作战"的竞争格局。本文探讨了企业在"两线作战"之中如何设计组织的协调性,并选择相应的竞争策略组合,从而使企业获得竞争优势、增加绩效;此外,本文还探讨了市场分割对企业竞争行为选择的影响机理。应用内容分析法和二手数据,本文分析了汽车、空调和房地产3个行业的主要上市企业,发现组织协调性在竞争复杂性与绩效之间存在负向调节作用;且市场分割对这一调节作用又进一步构成削弱的影响。本文的结论补充了企业竞争行为及策略组合的分析框架,并在一定程度揭示了制度情境对企业竞争行为的影响机理。     

经济全球化与市场分割性双重条件下中国企业战略选择研究

基于中国企业在加入世界贸易组织以后所面临的特殊情境,深入分析经济全球化与市场分割性对中国企业构成的双重压力和影响,以及中国企业应对上述影响所采取的4种主要的战略选择。这4种战略选择是高度的市场本地化和高度的行业多元化相结合、高度的投资本地化与高度的行业集中化相结合、高度的市场多元化与高度的行业集中化相结合以及高度的行业多元化和高度的市场多元化相结合。基于此提出新形势下中国企业应对经济全球化和市场分割性的战略选择模式,进一步讨论了选择不同战略的企业在未来环境变化中可能面临的机遇与挑战,为企业在新形势下做出恰当的战略选择指明方向。     

市场分割研究的知识结构与动态演化——基于1998-2015年CSSCI经济管理类期刊数据库的文献计量分析北大核心CSSCI

以1998-2015年间CSSCI(2014-2015)数据库中有关市场分割的研究文献为对象,采用文献计量法和内容分析法,探索市场分割研究领域的文献外部特征、学科知识结构及其动态演化趋势。研究发现:第一,从整体上看,市场分割研究领域的知识结构包括六个部分:市场分割的成因及影响研究、市场分割测度研究、区域经济与市场整合研究、市场分割下地方政府与企业行为研究、劳动力市场分割研究、资本市场分割研究,它们又构成了一个"2W1H"的研究框架。第二,市场分割研究领域的三个阶段动态演化趋势表明,市场分割经济影响的研究发展迅速并成为领域研究的主流,劳动力市场分割研究的发展相对比较稳定,而资本市场分割的研究则逐年减少。最后,从研究层次、理论视角、研究设计和方法等角度对市场分割研究领域可拓展方向提出建议。     

环境保护与企业发展真的不可兼得吗?北大核心CSSCI

无论是区域行业层面的环境规制效应还是企业层面的环境责任与企业表现均得出模糊甚至矛盾的结论,其根源在于对企业的异质性、情境因素的复杂性及模式的等效性关注不足。本文选取2013-2014年中国204个重污染上市公司作为研究样本,使用模糊定性比较分析回答了环境保护与企业发展能否共赢的问题。研究发现:忽视情境因素的作用,单一的环境保护既不能提升企业价值也不能降低企业价值;利益相关者间交互组合是实现环境保护与企业发展共赢的最优选择,但受制于资源的有限性及利益相关者感知的门槛而不必追求完备性;无论是提升还是降低企业价值均不存在唯一的组合形式,模式具有等效性;但是在以环境保护为基础的各组合中,投资者关系管理应该处于核心位置,要理清其层次性;国有企业的上市过程一定程度上削弱了其社会性目标,其模式也逐步趋向市场化,但仍然不如民营企业模式多样。本文的结论对于实现环境保护与企业发展共赢具有较强的指导意义。     

制度环境对企业关系构建的影响:基于中国转型情境的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

复杂多元的转型制度是西方成熟经济体制下关系网络研究无法呈现的情境化要素。本文结合制度理论和嵌入性理论,开展中国情境下制度环境和企业关系构建之间作用机理的理论及实证研究。研究以中国法律法规体系和互惠性作为正式制度和非正式制度的情境要素,基于嵌入性视角从信任、精准信息传递及问题联合解决三个方面对中国企业独特的政府—市场二元关系进行研究机理阐释。通过496份企业调查数据的实证研究发现,正式制度正向促进企业市场关系构建,对企业政府关系构建有显著负影响;而非正式制度中的社会互惠性则对企业两种关系网络构建均有积极的促进作用。同时,在企业市场关系的构建中,正式制度与社会互惠性呈现干扰型交互;在企业政府关系的构建中,正式制度与社会互惠性则呈现增强型交互。研究结果对深入理解中国转型情境下的复杂制度环境对企业关系嵌入行为构建的作用机理有重要的理论与现实启示。     

领导研究中的“情境”——内容、方法与未来展望

本文对20世纪80年代以来情境相关的中西方领导研究文献进行了全面的分析和综述。首先对近20年来情境相关的领导研究进行了整体性的归纳与总结;然后从组织结构、组织文化、组织氛围及状态、其它组织内部情境和组织外部情境五个方面对领导研究中涉及的情境内容进行了梳理与具体分析,并从"理论的情境化"和"情境的理论化"两个视角对已有领导研究中的情境处理方法进行了探讨;最后进行了总体性评价与讨论,并对未来的研究给出建议。     

2012年“中国组织创新与人力资源管理变革”学术研讨会征稿启事

由南开大学商学院人力资源管理系、南开大学公司治理研究中心、管理学报杂志社联合主办的"中国组织创新与人力资源管理变革"学术研讨会定于2012年5月26～27日在南开大学商学院举行。本次会议以教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地和管理学术期刊为平台,致力于探讨中国本土企业如何通过组织创新和人力资源管理的制度变革,实现经营方式的转型升级,进而推进中国情境下管理理论与实践研究的进一步发展。     

中国特色的企业管理理论及其关键科学问题北大核心CSCDCSSCI

对中国企业管理实践经验与问题的理论归纳是中国管理学界面临的重要战略任务,目前这方面的研究进展并不理想,研究领域的“跟风”现象普遍,大多数研究只是对西方构念和理论在中国情境下进行了实证检验,而具有中国特色的企业管理理论进展缓慢.本文从制度和历史文化两方面揭示了中国企业面临的情境特征,总结了国内外学者对这些情境特征的理论阐述和研究发现.结合国家自然科学基金委管理科学部“十四五”规划相关领域的前期专家讨论意见,凝练出该领域四个值得深入探索的研究方向,即“中国企业组织演进、管理制度变迁及基础理论”、“市场-政府双重驱动下的企业管理理论”、“不同所有制企业及其产权多元化演化与企业管理理论”和“中国情境和文化要素对企业管理的作用机制”,也同时提出了每个方向的一些关键科学问题示例.     

社保投入有利于企业提高劳动生产率吗？——基于“中国企业—劳动力匹配调查”数据的实证研究

现有文献认为,社保投入对企业劳动生产率存在成本效应、激励效应两种不同的影响。由于大样本数据的缺乏,现阶段对于社会保险企业投入的讨论大多停留在其对企业生产的抑制效应。然而,本文运用随机分层抽样的"中国企业-劳动力匹配调查"(CEES)数据,就社保投入对于企业劳动生产率的影响效应、影响机制进行了创新性地实证研究。基准回归表明,在充分剔除选择性偏误的前提下,社保投入对于劳动生产率的激励效应更强。随着人均社保投入每增加10%,企业劳动生产率平均提高3.5%。进一步地,实证研究发现:人力资本、创新精神与管理效率是社保投入对于企业劳动生产率产生激励效应的重要渠道;其中,与人力资本、创新精神相比,管理效率更为重要。与大部分基于发达经济体微观数据的实证研究有所不同,本文发现:对于现阶段我国经济而言,社保投入对企业生产要素投入的成本挤出效应并不明显,社会保险通过激励员工从而促进企业生产率的发展。     

高管团队职能异质性与企业绩效关系研究:基于管理者认知和团队冲突的中介分析

高管团队的职能特征如何反映到企业绩效中一直是管理领域研究的重点,但是其实证检验结果呈现出复杂化的特征,一致性的结论尚未达成。本文从高阶梯理论和信息处理理论出发,较为全面地探索高管团队职能异质性如何影响企业绩效。研究结果表明:(1)高管团队职能异质性对企业绩效水平有负向的影响;(2)高管团队职能异质性会显著促进管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高;(3)管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高会进一步促进绩效水平的提高;(4)管理者认知是高管团队职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制;(5)高管团队职能异质性的提高会显著促进团队冲突的提高;(6)团队冲突的增强会抑制企业绩效水平的提高;(7)团队冲突是职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制。     

Zombies and Originals: How Cultural Theory Informs Stakeholder Management

The question of stakeholder salience has recently resurfaced in the suggestion that the ethical foundations of corporate cultures result in stakeholder cultures that largely explain how firms allocate resources among stakeholders. The present article seeks to complement this novel approach to understanding stakeholder management by adding insights from the multilevel influences that create the corporate culture in the first place, and ultimately affect managers in their stakeholder decisions. This article draws on cultural theory to examine how the individuals who compose firms present group and grid solidarity that results in cultural biases in the corporate culture. These cultural biases—individualism, hierarchy, fatalism, and egalitarianism—are then paired with the stakeholder cultures they enable, and inferences are extracted concerning the salience managers are likely to accord to various classes of stakeholders as a result. Future research and managerial implications stemming from this new view on stakeholder management conclude this article.     

Inventory Management in China: An Empirical Study

With the outsourcing of manufacturing activities from Western countries, China has gradually become the global manufacturing hub. In the presence of increased competition from both inside and outside of China, many Chinese manufacturers have turned to scientific management approaches and implemented various enterprise systems. In academia, there has been a growing interest in quantifying the impacts of such efforts on the corporate performance of Chinese firms, and research has been carried out in areas such as finance and accounting. However, due to limited visibility of operational decisions and data, there seems to be a lack of investigation into the impacts on the firms’ operational performance in the literature. In this article, we apply an empirical method to investigate the inventories of 1286 firms listed on the two stock exchanges in China, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. We find that on average the inventory levels have declined over time and that the firm‐level data is consistent with several implications derived from classical inventory models.     

To be or not to be corporate heritage oriented? A study of managers’ corporate heritage mindsets

Corporate heritage is a research topic in branding with managerial relevance to achieve competitive advantages. Research has mainly focussed on companies with a formal corporate heritage orientation, neglecting other companies. In this study, a novel framework has been developed for analysing managers' corporate heritage mindsets as a precondition for a corporate heritage orientation in a non-heritage-oriented company. Individual managers’ corporate image heritage depicts how managers perceive their company over time, hence revealing their corporate heritage mindset. This article proposes that two managerial mindset dimensions matter – corporate heritage recognition and stance. This abductive study combines theory and empirical findings from an industrial company with a long history, but no corporate heritage orientation. The proposed framework offers companies with a history a way to analyse whether corporate heritage could be recognised and employed. This article contributes to corporate heritage research by broadening the applicability of corporate heritage issues.     

Comparative and International Corporate Governance

Abstract

In this article, we examine the state of the art in comparative and international corporate governance by identifying the key research questions, main concepts, and paradigms of explanations of cross‐country diversity in corporate governance. First, we discuss the multiple definitions of corporate governance across disciplines and explore how this multi‐dimensional nature of corporate governance posses challenges when making cross‐national comparisons. Second, we review existing comparative research on corporate governance and highlight some of the main characteristics of comparative analysis. Third, we analyze how comparative corporate governance has been understood from four different scholarly perspectives: economics and management, culture and sociology, legal, and political paradigms. We conclude from this third section that future research should make an effort to better integrate cross‐disciplinary paradigms. Fourth, we investigate what insights these four perspectives bring to understand change and stability better in two particular governance dimensions: corporate ownership and the role of labor in comparative corporate governance. Finally, we conclude the article with some forward looking suggestions regarding (1) how different perspectives of corporate governance can be more effectively integrated by adopting case‐based, historical, and actor‐centered forms of institutional explanations and by (2) discussing the current U.S. corporate governance system, frequently seen as the “best practice” model.     

并购后高管变更、合法性与并购绩效——基于制度理论的视角

并购后的高管变更对于企业的并购绩效具有重要的影响,但目前的研究结论没有取得一致性。本文基于制度理论的视角引入合法性的概念,通过123份并购样本实证分析了并购后高管变更、合法性以及并购绩效之间的关系。研究结果显示:并购后高管变更与并购的外部合法性和内部合法性之间均存在显著的负相关;而外部合法性和内部合法性对于并购绩效具有显著的积极作用。本研究结论对于我国企业的并购后高管变更决策以及如何提升并购绩效具有理论指导意义。     

Corporate Portfolio Analysis Tools Revisited: Assessing Causes that May Explain Their Scholarly Disdain

While prominent corporate portfolio analysis tools such as the BCG Growth–Share Matrix took centre stage in the field of strategic management from the 1960s to the mid‐1980s, this review of the literature shows that they have since then largely disappeared from the academic agenda, despite their practical relevance and widespread application. There may be two independent reasons for this apparent scholarly disdain: corporate portfolio analysis tools (a) may have been recognized as unsuitable owing to inherent flaws or superior alternative concepts or (b) may have become obsolete because of proof that corporate diversification is inferior to market diversification. Thus, this assessment is based on an extensive review of the most relevant academic literature on corporate portfolio analysis tools and on the constitutive diversification–performance link published in leading management journals over the past five decades. The review reveals that research to date has not produced advanced tools based on an objective criticism of the original matrices, nor has corporate diversification – as a precondition for corporate portfolio analysis – proved to be inferior to market‐based co‐ordination mechanisms. Thus, this literature review constitutes a call for further academic research in the field of corporate portfolio analysis tools as well as corporate diversification.     

A cyclical view of the relationship between corporate governance and strategic management

The vast majority of research on the relationship between corporate governance and strategic management focuses on the impact of corporate governance on strategic management. In this article we propose a cyclical model, highlighting that strategic decisions can also affect corporate governance through shaping firm ownership structure. We discuss the impacts of strategic decisions on firm ownership structure and corporate governance in the contexts of publicly traded firms, private firms, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises. We hope that our cyclical model can promote researchers to develop a more complete view about the relationships between strategic management, ownership structure, and corporate governance.