培育社会资本:构建和谐社区的新视野

文章分析了社区社会资本的现状,借鉴一些地区社区工作经验,从社会资本培育的角度,提出和谐社区建设的意见和建议.     

社会组织参与公共服务供给：优势、困境及路径

在公共服务供给领域,社会组织具有独特优势,有助于弥补政府与企业的不足。然而,由于法律、制度、认识和政策层面的缺陷,我国社会组织参与公共服务供给面临诸多困境。今后,我国应该注重加强以下几方面的建设：完善相应法律法规;改革注册管理体制;加强评价监督体系建设;扩大政策扶持。     

从“先赋”到“后致”：农民工的社会网络与社会融合

社会网络对移民的社会融合具有重要影响。基于2009年X市农民工调查数据,本研究将农民工的社会网络分为市民亲属关系、市民非亲属关系和非市民关系,将农民工的社会融合辨析为文化融合、社会经济融合和心理融合等三个维度,并分析农民工—市民网络与社会融合的关系。研究发现,市民非亲属关系对农民工的文化融合和心理融合均有显著的、不可替代的正向影响,但对社会经济融合的影响有限。农民工—市民网络对社会融合各维度的不均衡作用有可能导致农民工长期陷入城市社会底层。     

建设公共服务和社会管理型的政府

目前的政府体制需要改革,职能需要转变,建设成为公共服务和社会管理型的政府。现代政府存在的突出问题是:行政审批范围失控、收费和罚款过滥、政府本位利益和被期望职能缺失、体制交叉繁杂。中央政府和地方政府所具有的职能与责任不同,但都必须向公共服务和社会管理型政府转变。     

农民需求、优先序、表达机制与城乡基本公共服务均等化——以宁波市鄞州区为例

按农民需求偏好对城乡基本公共服务进行研究,可以分析出农民对农村基本公共服务的需求程度.通过统计农民对现有基本公共服务的满意程度,结合合理的农民需求表达机制,最终从农民需求角度设计出城乡基本公共服务均等化进程中的供给优先序.     

和谐社会的构建路径:从社会排斥到社会融合--兼论构建和谐社会的伦理关怀制度

社会排斥是我国经济社会结构整体转型时期的一个不和谐音符。构建社会主义和谐社会是消除社会排斥的重大战略决策,它是社会主义的本质追求,同时也体现对社会弱势群体的伦理关怀。构建和谐社会的伦理关怀制度,是实现“全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处”宏伟目标的内在要求和重要保障。     

和谐社区社会的构建——"三个实施模式"理论提出的现实价值意义

和谐社会构建中,社区社会的关系构建是社会基层关系构建中的基础性关系.伴随着中国社区建设和改革的不断深化,和谐社区建设工作已全面展开,除了政策性的引导工作以外,如何认识与理解和谐社区建设工作的基本理论,这关系到和谐社区建设的价值理论趋向问题.本文结合夏学銮在<中国社区建设的理论架构探讨>中提出的"三个实施模式"理论观点,从和谐社区建设的现实意义出发,借助公共管理学的科学发展观点,论述了和谐社区建设的理论现实意义.     

流动儿童的资本禀赋与社会融合研究——基于双向测度数据的多视角分析

利用2013年深圳流动儿童调查数据,从学校性质和生命历程视角分析了流动儿童在资本禀赋与社会融合上的差异性,检验了二者的相关性.结果发现:流动儿童的资本禀赋已出现群体分化,公办学校流动儿童在家庭物质资本和人力资本上占优,但民办学校流动儿童在家庭社会资本和学校社会资本上占优,小学段流动儿童的资本禀赋优于初中段.流动儿童的社会融合状况并不乐观,其城市文化融合水平低下,农村文化纽带坚韧;城市人和本地人身份认同度较低,农村人和外地人身份认同度较高,认同模糊问题突出;与流动儿童的社会距离较小,与本地儿童的社会距离更小.总的来说,流动儿童的资本禀赋与社会融合存在复杂的正向相关,拥有资本禀赋越多,社会融合状况越好.     

加强社会组织建设：背景、挑战与应对

培育支持社会组织发展是社会建设的重要内容.在当前社会成员去组织化、社会领域过度市场化和政府职能转变加快的背景下,加强社会组织建设势在必行.同时,社会组织发展面临行政化倾向明显、功能发挥过于单一、登记注册难度大、公信力缺失等问题,必须加快推进社会组织去行政化改革,探索各类功能的均衡发挥,推动更多“草根社会组织”获得合法身份,并完善内部治理结构.     

中国城市居民委员会的工作比较研究：上海与沈阳

居委会作为街道办事处“派出机构”的角色在客观上已经凌驾于“群众性自治组织”的法律定位之上。相应地,居委会工作人员在长期担当政府代理人角色的路径依赖之下,主观上已经把与社区发展息息相关的日常政务工作建构为社区内部事务。因此,社区建设的实质是基层社会治理结构的建设,它需要国家力量给基层社会的自我运作让渡出一定的空间,而要实现这一目标,关键性的基本前提是政府职能部门的基层管理和服务工作一定要到位,创造性的制度变革是顺应不同性质组织功能的要求,构建“社区建设指导委员会（政府）-社区管理委员会（社会联合体）-社区工作者（专业服务组织）-社区居委会（自治性组织）”的社区治理结构体系。     

Access to social services as a rite of integration: Power,rights, and identity

Access to social services is a multifaceted and multifactorial process, involving social policy lines, services organization, and professional front line practices. It appears to have a crucial role in how personal social services work: depending on the way the process is handled, access to social services could provide a bridge to an inclusive and solidarizing community or worsen discrimination and marginalization. Many underline how studying the actual encounters between citizens and practitioners can provide a privileged site to highlight the interconnections between the abovementioned factors. This is the focus of our research that explored access in a specific Italian region using a case study strategy. After a pilot study, the main points of access to social services were identified, and three units were selected as best examples of different approaches. The three units were explored using mainly qualitative methods inspired by ethnography. We were able to gain in depth understanding of three cultural approaches to access, defined as the “ethical duty,” the “good organization,” and the “professional approach” and reach an in‐depth understanding of their impact on access. There is a vast literature on the power of street‐level bureaucrats, seen as similar to gatekeepers. However, our research suggests that specific organizational cultures also play an important part: different organizational cultures may impact the implementation of local social policy, the organizational procedures, and social workers' practices.     

影响性诉讼:社会转型与构建和谐社会的法治精灵

中国建设和谐社会正处于中国社会全面转型的历史时期。转型时期的中国社会既有新旧体制与机制的强力对垒,也有新旧观念和思维方式的激烈碰撞,更有各种复杂矛盾与疑难问题的集中爆发。由于人们法律意识及法治观念的逐渐增强,转型时期频繁发生的影响性诉讼成为人们观察和关注社会发展脉动的重要兴奋点。影响性诉讼对构建和谐社会具有重要意义和深刻影响:使人们对社会发展现实有无比清醒而理智的认识;对正在建设中的和谐社会法治提供助力并树立信心。     

Patterns of re-referral to social services: a study of 400 closed cases

The last 10 years have seen considerable government focus on effective initial assessment processes in the UK. This has been given added impetus by research that found that more than 97% of referrals are closed without allocation for long‐term work. Yet there is little research on referrals that are closed and no British study of patterns of re‐referral for such children. The current study looks at 400 consecutive referrals to three local authority Social Services Departments in London that were closed rather than being allocated for long‐term work. It investigates how many children were re‐referred in the 27 months after closure and identifies factors statistically associated with re‐referrals. The study found that a third of closed cases were re‐referred (36.5%), with most re‐referrals happening relatively rapidly. A small proportion of families accounted for most re‐referrals: 8.5% of families had 52% of subsequent referrals. There was very wide variation between local authorities in the number of referrals and re‐referrals received. Other factors associated with increased likelihood of a re‐referral were: previous referrals, neglect, parental capacity issues (particularly drug misuse) and parent/child relationship problems. The implications of the findings for practitioners, policy‐makers and researchers are discussed.     

An integrated system of engaging social workers and community volunteers in social care for the elderly: case studies in Taiwan

Integrating volunteers into social care is widely expected but rarely successful in practice. This paper discusses how the Community Care Centre Plan organising community volunteers to provide services to the elderly in Taiwan. This plan successfully integrated social workers and volunteers in a national system to offer service in local communities, showing a systemic practice of community care and a unique case of community-based and volunteer-based service. The purposes of this paper are to introduce the programme design and to understand how to integrate the mission of social workers and volunteers’ performance. The governmental policy and requirements, the role of social workers and the provision of voluntary community service which contributed to form the system were examined in this paper.     

The role of the social innovation and entrepreneurship development fund in fostering social entrepreneurship in Hong Kong: A study on public policy innovation

Creating an enabling environment for social entrepreneurship in tackling complex socio‐economic challenges is at the forefront of government policy agendas globally. Although several policy mechanisms have been proposed to this end, whether and to what extent those policy mechanisms may (re)shape the social entrepreneurship environments have rarely been explored. By examining the Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Fund (SIE Fund), a recent policy project aimed at fostering social innovation in Hong Kong, this article presents a rare empirical exploration to illustrate how public policies can potentially drive social innovation. We explore first the impact of the SIE Fund in fostering innovation among its funded social enterprises, and second, how the SIE Fund may have influenced Hong Kong's social entrepreneurship environment. Results show that the projects under the SIE Fund exhibit characteristics distinct from the social enterprises prior to the inception of the SIE Fund. In addition, evidence of innovations in terms of product, process, marketing, and innovation in developing new or improved social practices were also identified. This study illustrates how specific public policy mechanisms may potentially facilitate the diversification, inclusion, innovation, and expansion of the social entrepreneurship environment. Findings carry substantial policy implications, in particular to neighbouring East Asian societies typically characterized by a strong government, and face similar structural, demographic and socio‐economic challenges that necessitate innovative solutions.     

The role of the voluntary,community and social enterprise sector in Early Help: Critical reflections from embedded social care research

The independent review of children's social care (2022) has proposed a radical reset of England's children's services, shifting a remote, assessment heavy system towards one that works alongside communities to help prevent statutory interventions. However, notions around the harnessing of community resources to deliver Early Help are often underpinned by assumptions regarding the voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) sector and the ease with which such organizations can be integrated into preventative strategies. This paper reports findings from embedded research within a unitary authority in Southwest England during remodelling of its Early Help service to work more collaboratively with local VCSE organizations. The study generated data from ethnographic observations, semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 95 participants, including local parents, service providers, VCSE organizations and Council leaders. The findings illustrate that families value the compassionate, responsive and flexible support available within many VCSE settings. However, differences in practice cultures, regulatory pressures on statutory providers, the need to (re)build trust in communities and sensitivities around power-sharing and resourcing meant negotiating VCSE sector integration was fraught with complexities. Few studies have gained such privileged access to a Local Authority's remodelling of Early Help services, and this paper has significant insights for the debates surrounding the independent review of children's social care (2022) and its recommendation to bring services ‘closer to communities’.     

The relationships between organisational networking,quality of life,and community integration among people with mental illnesses in South Korea: a multi-level analysis

This study investigated the relationships between organisational networking and the outcomes of people with mental illnesses (MI) and the extent to which the relationships are mediated by availability of services. Two levels of data were collected: organisational-level data from 22 community-based mental health service agencies and consumer-level data from 431 consumers. A multi-level analysis found that organisational networking increased the availability of services. However, service availability was not found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between organisational networking and client outcomes. Service coordination in the same mental health sector should be addressed.     

Resource platform,capacity building and social networking: a case study of NPI initiative

From the perspective of ‘state-society relations’, Chinese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are commonly perceived as having a restrained and limited role in China and being subject to various degrees of government supervision. In recent years the third sector in China has gradually developed its own unique survival strategies. Although grassroots Chinese NGOs have increased rapidly, a majority of them face long-term sustainability, especially during the start-up period. In response to these needs, NPI Initiative is developed, drawing on the commercial concept of business incubators in providing comprehensive support to newly established NGOs. The paper first provides an overview of the current situation of NGO development in China. Second, it introduces NPI Initiative as a matrix organization of several supportive organizations, with a case example to illustrate the role and function of NPI in the incubation of selected Chinese NGOs. Third, it discusses how NPI has been functioning as a ‘bridge’ between government organizations and grassroots NGOs.     

Evidence-based intervention and services for high-risk youth: a North American perspective on the challenges of integration for policy, practice and research

This paper explores the cross-national challenges of integrating evidence-based interventions into existing services for high-resource-using children and youth. Using several North American model programme exemplars that have demonstrated efficacy, the paper explores multiple challenges confronting policy-makers, evaluation researchers and practitioners who seek to enhance outcomes for troubled children and youth and improve overall service effectiveness. The paper concludes with practical implications for youth and family professionals, researchers, service agencies and policy–makers, with particular emphasis on possibilities for cross-national collaboration.