共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 375 毫秒
1.
Martin Nordin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):703-717
Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different
parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the “ability-specific”
returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated
with a higher return to schooling, but that the positive association is diminishing in the test score. In general, the bias
in the ability-specific returns to schooling does not seem to vary with the test score level.
相似文献
Martin NordinEmail: |
2.
We estimate the cost of droughts by matching rainfall data with individual life satisfaction. Our context is Australia over
the period 2001 to 2004, which included a particularly severe drought. Using fixed-effect models, we find that a drought in
spring has a detrimental effect on life satisfaction equivalent to an annual reduction in income of A$18,000. This effect,
however, is only found for individuals living in rural areas. Using our estimates, we calculate that the predicted doubling
of the frequency of spring droughts will lead to the equivalent loss in life satisfaction of just over 1% of GDP annually.
相似文献
Michael A. ShieldsEmail: |
3.
Projecting Long-Term Care Expenditure in Four European Union Member States: The Influence of Demographic Scenarios 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joan Costa-Font Raphael Wittenberg Concepció Patxot Adelina Comas-Herrera Cristiano Gori Alessandra di Maio Linda Pickard Alessandro Pozzi Heinz Rothgang 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):303-321
This study examines the sensitivity of future long-term care demand and expenditure estimates to official demographic projections
in four selected European countries: Germany, Spain, Italy and the United Kingdom. It uses standardised methodology in the
form of a macro-simulation exercise and finds evidence for significant differences in assumptions about demographic change
and its effect on the demand for long-term care, and on relative and absolute long-term care expenditure. It concludes that
mortality-rate assumptions can have a considerable influence on welfare policy planning. Relative dispersion between country-specific
and Eurostat official estimates was found to be higher for the United Kingdom and Germany than for Italy and Spain, suggesting
that demographic projections had a greater influence in those countries.
相似文献
Joan Costa-FontEmail: |
4.
Extracting the causal component from the intergenerational correlation in unemployment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tyra Ekhaugen 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):97-113
This paper examines the intergenerational correlation in unemployment in Norway and discusses and estimates two approaches
for extracting the causal component: sibling differences and the use of parental unemployment occurring after the child’s
outcome as control for the unobserved family heterogeneity. Confirming existing evidence, I find a substantial intergenerational
correlation in unemployment. Almost half of this is due to observed family heterogeneity. The causal effect is found to be
statistically insignificant by both identification strategies, but while the estimated effect is negative on the sample made
for the sibling-difference approach, this finding is not replicated on a less selective sample.
相似文献
Tyra EkhaugenEmail: |
5.
Michael A. Shields Stephen Wheatley Price Mark Wooden 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):421-443
This paper uses data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to investigate the association
between neighbourhood effects and life satisfaction. We find that neighbourhood measures of social support and interaction
and the absence of socio-economic deprivation are positively and significantly correlated with individual life satisfaction.
Neighbourhood fixed effects, however, explain only an additional 1.5 to 2.5% of the variance in life satisfaction over the
14% explained by individual characteristics.
相似文献
Mark WoodenEmail: |
6.
We used UK Family Expenditure Surveys to analyse the relationship between savings and age structure. We address two key problems: the sample selection bias when data refer to households and not individuals, and the treatment of pension income when drawing inferences from individuals' savings–age profiles about the relationship between an economy's savings and age structure. Our principal findings are that household data exaggerate savings rates of young adults and the elderly whilst underestimating those of 45- to 60-year-olds, and individual saving rates follow more closely the ‘hump shape’ of the life-cycle model, although the savings rates of the elderly remain positive for some ages.
相似文献
Nigel W. DuckEmail: |
7.
This study used a nationally representative sample of young people in Germany from the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine
how demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the young persons and their parents, personality traits of the young
persons, quality and quantity of relationships, the parent's level of life satisfaction, and other measures of satisfaction
for the young person are related to the initial assessment of life satisfaction by the individual at the critical point of
transition from adolescence to adulthood. The results indicated that consistency existed across different domains of satisfaction,
specifically satisfaction with life and satisfaction with grades. A strong pattern of association was also observed between
the subjective well-being of the adolescents and variables that measured different dimensions of the quality and quantity
of interpersonal relationships, including relationships with parents.
相似文献
Eileen TrzcinskiEmail: |
8.
Akira Yakita 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):579-592
We examine the effect of an increase in life expectancy on portfolio choices of individuals and, thereby, on economic growth in a simple endogenous growth model populated by overlapping generations, in which money is introduced based on the money-in-the-utility-function approach. It is shown that an increase in longevity raises the balanced growth rate and lowers the inflation rate, offsetting the Tobin effect, if spillovers from accumulated capital to labor productivity sufficiently raise wage income and real savings, and, if not, it may retard economic growth and aggravate inflation. Under plausible conditions, the former will be the case.
相似文献
Akira YakitaEmail: |
9.
Given the intrinsically sequential nature of childbirth, timing of a child’s birth has consequences not only for itself but
also for its older and younger siblings. The paper argues that prior spacing and posterior spacing between consecutive siblings
are thus important measures of intensity of sibling competition for limited parental resources. While the available estimates
of child mortality tend to ignore the endogeneity of sibling composition, we use a correlated recursive model of prior and
posterior spacing and child mortality to correct it. There is evidence that uncorrected estimates under-estimate the effects
of prior and posterior spacing on child mortality.
相似文献
Sarmistha Pal (Corresponding author)Email: |
10.
Suzanne L. Slocum-Gori Bruno D. Zumbo Alex C. Michalos Ed Diener 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):489-496
A case is made that measures used in quality of life and happiness research will be essentially unidimensional: inherently
tapping minor dimensions. This is illustrated using Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). It is shown that the SWLS
does not meet the standard of strict unidimensionality, but that the interpretation of the total scale score is not compromised
because the additional dimensions are relatively minor. In the context of the example, a multi-step strategy is described
that allows researchers to test for essential unidimensionality. Throughout the article, essential unidimensionality is contrasted
with the received view of strict unidimensionality and confirmatory factor analysis methods.
相似文献
Bruno D. ZumboEmail: |
11.
Reliable forecasts of life expectancies are of importance for the financial stability of social security systems and the life
insurance industry. A discrete-time stochastic process and a continuous-time stochastic process are proposed to model the
dynamics of German mortality rates from which life expectancies are calculated. More precisely, a panel data model is utilized,
which distinguishes between a common time effect and a common age effect. The model is easy to fit, yields interpretable parameters,
and allows for a simple analysis of the forecast error. The main applications of the model are the forecast of mortality rates—and
the resulting life expectancies—and the pricing of mortality derivatives.
相似文献
Rafael Schmidt (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Measuring Housework Participation: The Gap between “Stylised” Questionnaire Estimates and Diary-based Estimates 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Man Yee Kan 《Social indicators research》2008,86(3):381-400
This article compares stylised (questionnaire-based) estimates and diary-based estimates of housework time collected from
the same respondents. Data come from the Home On-line Study (1999–2001), a British national household survey that contains
both types of estimates (sample size = 632 men and 666 women). It shows that the gap between the two types of estimate is
generally smaller in the case of women. But the gap between the estimates in the case of women is associated with the amount
of housework performed as secondary activities and the level of irregularity in housework hours. Presence of dependent children,
on the other hand, inflates the gap for both men and women. Men holding traditional gender-role attitudes tend to report more
housework time in surveys than in diaries, but the tendency is reversed when they undertake long hours of housework. The overall
results suggest that there are systematic errors in stylised housework time estimates.
相似文献
Man Yee KanEmail: |
13.
The estimation of the effect of local human capital on wages only might not identify properly human capital spillovers. Appropriate
identification requires considering the joint effect of local human capital on both wages and rents. Empirically, we study
the effects of local human capital on household-level rents and individual-level wages for a sample of Italian local labour
markets. Our results show a positive and robust effect of local human capital on rents, supporting the idea that human capital
generates positive externalities at the local level. Our results also suggest that consumption and production externalities
have a similar impact on wages.
相似文献
Guido de BlasioEmail: |
14.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
15.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
16.
Chong-Min Park 《Social indicators research》2009,92(2):263-294
The AsiaBarometer survey of 1,023 respondents shows Life in Korea is highly modernized and digitalized without being much
globalized. Despite the modernization and digitalization of their lifestyles, ordinary citizens still prioritize materialistic
values more than post-materialistic values, and they remain least satisfied in the material life sphere. A multivariate analysis
of the Korean survey reveals that their positive assessments of their standard of living and marriage are the most powerful
influences on the quality of life they experience. Remarkable improvements in the objective conditions of life for the past
three decades have failed to transform Korea into a nation of well-being.
相似文献
Chong-Min ParkEmail: |
17.
Craig Gundersen 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):191-215
Within the extensive food insecurity literature, little work has been done regarding (a) the depth and severity of food insecurity
and (b) the food insecurity of American Indians. This paper addresses both these topics with data from the 2001 to 2004 Core
Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. To measure food insecurity, three axiomatically derived measures of
food insecurity are used. As expected, given the worse economic conditions facing American Indians, their food insecurity
levels are generally higher than non-American Indians. However, the magnitude and significance of these differences differ
depending on the choice of food insecurity measure.
相似文献
Craig GundersenEmail: |
18.
The determinants and consequences of child care subsidies for single mothers in the USA 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This paper provides an analysis of child care subsidies under welfare reform in the USA. We used data from the 1999 National
Survey of America's Families to analyze the determinants of receipt of a child care subsidy and the effects of subsidy receipt
on employment, school attendance, unemployment, and welfare participation. Ordinary least-squares estimates that treat subsidy
receipt as exogenous show an effect of subsidy receipt on employment of about 13 percentage points. Two-stage least-squares
estimates that treat subsidy receipt as endogenous and use county dummies as identifying instruments show an effect of 33
percentage points on employment, 20 percentage points on unemployment, and no effects on schooling and welfare receipt.
相似文献
Erdal Tekin (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
Midori Wakabayashi 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):983-1005
In this paper, I examine, using Japanese cross-section data, whether “the retirement consumption puzzle” exists, and if so,
why. My results show that both the anticipated consumption during retirement of working households and the actual consumption
during retirement of retired households are much lower than the actual consumption before retirement of working households.
I find that the anticipated decline in consumption after retirement is due primarily to the anticipated decline in family
size after retirement, but that it might also be due partly to other factors. These results suggest that consumption does
indeed decline after retirement, but that this decline is largely due to factors that are consistent with the life cycle hypothesis.
相似文献
Midori WakabayashiEmail: |
20.
Major league baseball career length in the 20th century 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sport of baseball has used statistics to enhance understanding for fans for over a century, yet there is limited data
on player careers. This study fills that void by examining the careers of baseball players over the last century. Between
1902 and 1993, 5,989 position players started their careers and played 33,272 person years of major league baseball. A rookie
position player can expect to play 5.6 years; one in five position players will have only a single-year career, and at every
point of a player’s career, the chance of exiting is at least 11%. Position players who start younger and begin their careers
in more recent decades all have longer and more stable careers; nevertheless, baseball careers are not compressed versions
of normal careers, but are substantially skewed toward early exit.
相似文献
Richard G. RogersEmail: |