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1.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.
相似文献
Paul BowlesEmail: |
2.
Stefani Scherer 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):527-547
Forms of insecure employment have been increasing all over Europe in recent decades. These developments have been welcomed
by those who argued that these types of flexible employment would not only foster employment but could also help women, in
particular, to positively combine work and family life. This vision was questioned by others who argued that flexible employment
could have negative consequences for both occupational prospects and private and family life since it is often associated
with greater insecurity and poorer working conditions. Relatively little research has been dedicated to the “social consequences”
of insecure employment and its specific implications for work-life reconciliation issues. This paper contributes to this topic
by linking research that addresses work-life conflict to the wider body of work dealing with job insecurity. It investigates
the consequences of certain employment contracts on private and family life, taking into account information on current family
life, future family plans and general well-being. It provides a series of test relating to the extent to which negative consequences
in these areas might be attributable to the type of employment contract and how these vary between European countries. Analysis
using ESS data from 2004 for western European countries confirms that insecure employment is accompanied by more problematic
“social and family” situations. These negative consequences are partly shaped by the specific context provided by the country
in question.
相似文献
Stefani SchererEmail: |
3.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |
4.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
5.
We present several economic models of racial segregation and income inequality. The use of race as a signal arises from imperfect
information about the return to transactions with particular agents. In a search framework, signaling supports not simply
a discriminatory equilibrium, but a pattern of racially segregated transactions, which in turn perpetuates the informational
asymmetries. Equilibrium income disparities depend on the relative size of the minority group and on the informational “distance”
between races. Under some circumstances, minority agents will self-segregate since they face an adverse selection of majority
agents who are willing to trade with them.
相似文献
Richard StartzEmail: |
6.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
7.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
8.
In this paper, the data from the multi-purpose survey on household “Time Use” conducted by Istat (the Italian National Statistical
Institute) in 2002–2003 and the data from this same survey conducted in 1988–1989 will be analysed with the purpose of describing
the fathers’ daily participation in the domestic activities and of highlighting the changes that have taken place during the
14 years elapsed between the two survey editions. The analysis will be carried out using standard time-use data analysis’
tool, time budget tables and by applying a multi-variate regression model with the objective of separating the relative contribution
of the behavioural and structural factors to explain the variation observed.
相似文献
Dario BruzzeseEmail: |
9.
Dirk Willenbockel 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):609-622
The article reconsiders the implications of the choice of pure social time preference for intergenerational equity in the
presence of a time-consistent utilitarian social welfare criterion. The analytic framework is a setting with overlapping generations,
lifetime uncertainty, population growth and technical progress. The analysis identifies upper and lower bounds for the feasible
range of social discount rates and draws a corresponding distinction between “gerontocratic” and “Stalinist” optimal plans.
The paper corrects a number of inaccurate propositions in a related earlier contribution by Marini and Scaramozzino (2000) to this journal.
相似文献
Dirk WillenbockelEmail: |
10.
Enrico Giovannini 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):177-200
The importance of information in economic and political processes is widely recognised by modern theories. This information,
coupled with the advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has changed the way in which markets and
societies work. The availability of the Internet and other advanced forms of media have made information more accessible to
citizens than ever before. Therefore, the ideal of the “fully informed decision maker” should be a reality. Unfortunately,
this is far from the case. As Einstein put it, “information is not knowledge” and although citizens are bombarded by information
on a constant basis, this bombardment does not necessarily bring about knowledge.
Several studies have analysed the characteristics of the knowledge society, as well as its impact on the production of “official”
statistics. In this paper we do not enter into this debate, but we analyse the role of statistics in building a knowledge
society and improving the democratic control of policy makers.
The paper analyses the relationships between information, expectations and economic theory, as well as the nexus between information
and political sciences. Various approaches to the measurement of societal progress and the role of “key indicators” in this
respect are also discussed. Finally, both theoretical models and empirical evidence about what citizens know on societal progress
are discussed and the OECD project on the measurement of societal progress is presented.
相似文献
Enrico GiovanniniEmail: |
11.
The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is among the few surveys to provide multiple reports on respondents’ race and
ethnicity. Respondents were initially classified as Hispanic, black, or “other” on the basis of data collected during 1978
screener interviews. Respondents subsequently self-reported their “origin or descent” in 1979, and their race and Hispanic
origin in 2002; the latter questions conform to the federal standards adopted in 1997 and used in the 2000 census. We use
these data to (a) assess the size and nature of the multiracial population, (b) measure the degree of consistency among these
alternative race-related variables, and (c) devise a number of alternative race/ethnicity taxonomies and determine which does
the best job of explaining variation in log-wages. A key finding is that the explanatory power of race and ethnicity variables
improves considerably when we cross-classify respondents by race and Hispanic origin. Little information is lost when multiracial respondents are assigned to one of their reported race categories
because they make up only 1.3% of the sample.
相似文献
Alita NandiEmail: |
12.
Causality Chains in the International Migration Systems Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roel Jennissen 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(4):411-436
Research into international migration lacks a commonly accepted theoretical framework, which would facilitate the accumulation
of knowledge. This article aims to be a first attempt to construct such a framework and to incorporate causalities in the
international migration systems approach. The author presents a theoretical framework in which four groups of factors acting
on international migration are distinguished: economic, social, political and “linkages.” The causalities in this framework
are derived from different international migration theories. The various positions of these whole theories within the framework
are shown as causality chains. In a way, these causality chains form the time dimension of an international migration system
相似文献
Roel JennissenEmail: |
13.
Craig Gundersen 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):191-215
Within the extensive food insecurity literature, little work has been done regarding (a) the depth and severity of food insecurity
and (b) the food insecurity of American Indians. This paper addresses both these topics with data from the 2001 to 2004 Core
Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. To measure food insecurity, three axiomatically derived measures of
food insecurity are used. As expected, given the worse economic conditions facing American Indians, their food insecurity
levels are generally higher than non-American Indians. However, the magnitude and significance of these differences differ
depending on the choice of food insecurity measure.
相似文献
Craig GundersenEmail: |
14.
Previous attempts to measure material well-being or hardship have not made clear the relationship of individual items to the
broader concept of hardship. The current study used the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a large-scale U.S.
survey with a large number of questions on the material circumstances of households to create a measurement model of hardship
that takes this relationship into account. A higher-order model with five-first-order factors: consumer durables, resources
available to meet needs, housing conditions, neighborhood problems and crime, and community services, and a single second-order
factor hardship fit the data well, with the “Housing” and “Neighborhood” first-order factors most strongly related to the higher-order hardship
construct. Despite our attempts to tie the hardship measures to objective conditions, subjective evaluations were strongly
related to most of the factors.
相似文献
Adam C. CarleEmail: |
15.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
16.
Ann Morning 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):239-272
Academic interest in official systems of racial and ethnic classification has grown in recent years, but most research on
such census categories has been limited to small case studies or regional surveys. In contrast, this article analyzes a uniquely
global data set compiled by the United Nations Statistical Division to survey the approaches to ethnic enumeration taken in
141 countries. The motives for this analysis combine theoretical, applied, and policy objectives. I find that 63% of the national
censuses studied incorporate some form of ethnic enumeration, but their question and answer formats vary along several dimensions
that betray diverse conceptualizations of ethnicity (for example, as “race” or “nationality”). Moreover, these formats follow
notably regional patterns. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches can be grouped into a basic taxonomy of ethnic classification
approaches, suggesting greater commonality in worldwide manifestations of the ethnicity concept than some have recognized.
相似文献
Ann MorningEmail: |
17.
Uzi Rebhun 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):565-590
This study applies two different complementary statistical techniques to examine the structure and determinants of homeownership
and consumption of household goods among immigrants in Israel. Findings from partial-order analysis (POSAC) reveal significant
differences between immigrant groups by type, rather than level, of household characteristics. Suppliers of entertainment
(television) and of information-communication (computer) are the items that most strongly distinguish between immigrants.
The joint direction of the partially ordered space corresponds with home and car ownership. Immigrant groups are dispersed
in different parts of the household typology; with increased duration of residence in Israel immigrants move, albeit in varied
rhythms, toward improved housing conditions. A complementary logistic regression analysis, which controls for socio-demographic
variation and detailed tenure in Israel, show a likelihood of convergence of immigrants from all origin countries with the
core native-born group in owning a home. For other household goods, the findings largely coincide with the typology derived
from POSAC. The findings are discussed in reference to three conceptual expectations of “cultural norms”, “adjustment”, and
“structural-environmental considerations”.
相似文献
Uzi RebhunEmail: |
18.
Javier G. Polavieja 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):587-605
This article proposes an explanation of sex-differences in job-allocation and pay in different institutional contexts. Job-allocation
calculations are considered to be related to (1) the distribution of housework and (2) the skill-specialization requirements
of jobs. In a context of uncertainty and imperfect information, housework and job-specialization requirements generate a particular
incentive structure for each sex. This incentive structure can, however, be altered by governmental action. Welfare policies
and services are expected to affect allocation decisions at the micro-level both by reducing the risks of skill-depreciation
for women as well as by increasing their intra-household bargaining power. Both effects combined should reduce the economic
pay-offs of “traditional” sphere-specialization by sex. This model is tested using a sub-sample of married and cohabiting
employees drawn for the second round of the European Social Survey. Results based on nested random-intercept regressions show
that sex-differences in job-specialization and housework can explain the wage effects of occupational sex-composition and
have a significant direct impact on hourly earnings. Welfare-regime interactions also suggest that the association between
housework and earnings is much weaker in societies displaying high levels of defamilialization and decommodification.
相似文献
Javier G. PolaviejaEmail: |
19.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
20.
We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children,
and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements
during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements
during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried
children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with
unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands
from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing
rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially
among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.
相似文献
Kathryn M. YountEmail: |