《古兰经》文本探究

《古兰经》文本像《圣经》一样经历了自身的正典化过程，作为这个过程结晶的“奥斯曼本”呈现出一些显著的文本特征和线索。把握《古兰经》的这些特征和线索，不仅有助于人们判断经章降示的顺序和主题，而且有助于从学理上纠正某些代表性的西方学者所谓《古兰经》文本存在缺陷的偏见。     

古兰学与经注学关系研究

古兰学(‘Ulūmal-qur’ān)是研究《古兰经》的基础学科,也是伊斯兰文化体系的传统学科。尽管古兰学是一门独立学科,但它因以《古兰经》为研究对象而具有多学科交叉特点,并由此产生了若干分支学科,经注学(‘ilmal-tafsir)则是其中最重要的主干学科。古兰学与经注学在学科原理和认知经文层面的共性关系,既有助于人们了解和理解《古兰经》的文体经义,也为伊斯兰文化发展提供不可或缺的思想资源。     

中世纪阿拉伯文学在中国的介绍和影响

说到中世纪阿拉伯文学,首先应该提出的是《古兰经》。《古兰经》既是伊斯兰教的经典和第一部律书,又是阿拉伯文学史上独树一帜的不朽名著。《古兰经》从文字上来说,是带     

漫话《古兰经》诵读

(一) 在全世界七亿多穆斯林心目中,《古兰经》占有无可比拟的神圣地位。他们认为,《古兰经》是天经,是真主意志的体现。《古兰经》是用古老的、语汇丰富的阿拉伯古莱氏语传诵的。因此阿拉伯语也称为《古兰经》的语言。《古兰经》之所以被称为天经,据说是因为《古兰经》原本是记载在九天之上的天牌上的,即。相传这块记载真经的天牌,由天使们严密守卫着,以防魔鬼偷盗,剽窃篡改,以     

汉译《古兰经》史话之二 通译全经拉序幕 华夏学坛展新篇——简介铁铮的第一个汉文全译本《可兰经》

在我国,第一个完成《古兰经》汉译全文本的人,是非穆斯林学者、不识阿拉伯文的汉族人,译者署名为“铁铮”。此译本是根据坂本健一的日文译本《コ-ヲン》,并参照罗德威尔(Rodwell)的英译本“The Koran”转译的。书名题为《可兰经》,于1927年由北平中华印刷局出版发行。尽管译文并非直接以阿拉伯原文为蓝本,但它的刊行问世,总算填补了一项空白,排上全译《古兰经》的第一把交椅。在积极宣传伊斯兰经典和文化方面,起了刺激、促进     

《古兰经》珍品

濒临尼罗河河畔的《古兰经》展览馆,占地面积虽不大,却陈列着不同历史时期、不同版本的《古兰经》真品,吸引了众多的游人。形状各异、色彩纷呈的经书,令人目不暇接。其中有正统哈里发奥斯曼时期的《古兰经》,它是伊斯兰征服初期,带进埃及的第一本《古兰经》真本。世界上第一本印刷版《古兰经》也陈放在这里。这是在1694年,德国汉堡印刷所首次印刷的。世界上最小的《古兰经》也收藏在这里,版面仅为2×4cm,是优素夫·凯马勒王子的珍品之一。     

古兰经译成中文的梗概

《古兰经》随着伊斯兰教传入我国,已经有一千多年的历史。《古兰经》的原本是阿拉伯语,长期以来,《古兰经》在我因一直没有中文的译本。明末清初,信仰伊斯兰教的南京人刘智(刘介廉)(1660——1720年)写过《天方典礼》、《天方性理》、《天方至圣实     

没有《古兰经》就没有阿拉伯语

阿拉伯语研究,源于《古兰经》研究。《古兰经》是阿语研究的轴心,不管是解释《古兰经》,还是阐述伊斯兰教法,都与阿拉伯语的研究有着密切的关系。反之,阿拉伯语的研究,如词汇、词法、句子结构、语体风格的研究,甚至天文、数学、物理等学科的研究,都是建立在为伊斯兰服务的基础上进行的,其目的是为了解释《古兰经》、伊斯兰教法和伊斯兰政体。     

论《古兰经》的哲学注释

《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的根本经典,也是伊斯兰文化体系诸多学科的理论渊源。从发生学来讲,《古兰经》中关于世界、人类、宇宙、因果等哲学命题的经文,催生了伊斯兰哲学。穆斯林哲学家根据经训教义,注释《古兰经》中具有哲学命题的经文的同时,亦借鉴它文化的哲学元素对其进行注释,构成了《古兰经》哲学注释的整体图景。     

论《古兰经》的哲学注释

《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的根本经典,也是伊斯兰文化体系诸多学科的理论渊源。从发生学来讲,《古兰经》中关于世界、人类、宇宙、因果等哲学命题的经文,催生了伊斯兰哲学。穆斯林哲学家根据经训教义,注释《古兰经》中具有哲学命题的经文的同时,亦借鉴它文化的哲学元素对其进行注释,构成了《古兰经》哲学注释的整体图景。     

赛莱菲耶思潮探微

伊斯兰教历史上，赛莱菲耶思潮最早是在阿拔斯王朝时期掀起的。公元13世纪，伊本·泰米叶及其弟子伊本·嘎伊姆成为这一思潮的旗手。赛莱菲耶思潮反对凯拉姆学所展开的教义学争辩，呼吁回93原生态伊斯兰和《古兰经》。与此同时，伊本·泰米叶还率先对“创制之门关闭”说提出质疑，从而证明赛莱菲耶思潮所倡导的“循古”并不是教条和僵化的。尤其是伊本·嘎伊姆提出的注重“现实”和在此基础上的合理创制，更不无合理成分。     

哲马鲁丁·阿富汗尼的理性主义赛来菲耶思想研究

哲马鲁丁·阿富汗尼在近现代伊斯兰思想发展史上地位卓著,他倡导回归《古兰经》,又反对创制之门关闭说,体现了其理性主义的宗教观。哲马鲁丁·阿富汗尼竭力呼吁构建伊斯兰联盟,以强健伊斯兰民族的肌体,并以此为基础抗击西方殖民主义入侵。因此,他被后人誉为伊斯兰世界第一位反对西方殖民入侵的勇士。无论是他的理性主义赛莱菲耶思想,还是他积极的政治改良主张,在伊斯兰世界所产生的影响都不容低估。     

圣战观念与当代伊斯兰恐怖主义

伊斯兰的圣战观是一个不断演变的观念。《古兰经》有关圣战的规定反映了先知穆罕默德时期伊斯兰社团的发展,教法中有关圣战的规定又反映了7～10世纪阿拉伯帝国的发展状况。10世纪开始,圣战观总体上处于休眠状态,伊本·泰米叶和瓦哈比派分别在圣战的两个低潮期激活了圣战观。赛义德·库特卜使圣战观念从传统走向现代,并催生了以埃及为中心的第一波伊斯兰恐怖主义;阿卜杜拉·阿泽姆使圣战观国际化,并催生了以本·拉登为代表的第二波伊斯兰恐怖主义。在本质上,当代伊斯兰恐怖主义是对圣战观的曲解和滥用。     

TRADITION AND TECHNOLOGY IN LOCAL NEWSCASTS:

In Counter-Statement , Kenneth Burke distinguishs between the psychology of form and the psychology of information—meaning as brought by readers to a text and as supplied by a text. That distinction can help us understand local news as relevant, formalized, public information, where social standards of relevance (tradition) encounter technologically enhanced and restructured information (technology). These two competing presentational modes put into tension sociocultural and technological formalisms, grounding news in shared culture yet creating possibilities for new ways of seeing and understanding the world. Tradition stabilizes thought even as the new technologies rescore our senses of time and place, and both energize our lives.     

Writing resistance together

This piece of writing is a joint initiative by the participants in the Gender, Work and Organization writing workshop organized in Helsinki, Finland, in June 2019. This is a particular form of writing differently. We engage in collective writing and embody what it means to write resistance to established academic practices and conventions together. This is a form of emancipatory initiative where we care for each other as writers and as human beings. There are many author voices and we aim to keep the text open and dialogical. As such, this piece of writing is about suppressed thoughts and feelings that our collective picket line allows us to express. In order to maintain the open‐ended nature of the text, and perhaps also to retain some ‘dirtiness’ that is essential to writing, the article has not been language checked throughout by a native speaker of English.     

Holy Rus: (Re)construction of Russia’s Civilizational Identity

ABSTRACT

Originally connected with the idea of Moscow as the Third Rome and the universal Christian idea of an Empire of Faith, Holy Rus (literally ‘Holy Russia’) has developed today into a transcendental concept of a unifying national force and inter-confessional dialogue based on common moral and spiritual values. The discourse of Russia’s civilizational identity has emerged with new vigor against a background of national and social disintegration. The idea promoted by the state and the Russian Orthodox Church is that Orthodoxy as a quintessence of fundamental moral values is destined to unite the peoples separated by state borders under the auspices of Holy Rus. The core of the civilizational perception is constituted by the supranational nature of Russkiy Mir (literally ‘Russian World’) based on the idea of sobornost. The research is based on the analysis of speeches delivered by President Putin and Patriarch Cyril dedicated to identity issues. The author argues that this official rhetoric is aimed at redefining the place of the Russian Orthodox Church vis-à-vis both Western modernity and domestic secularism within the context of its recovery as an institution after decades of oppression.     

Pneumatologie und die Konstituierung soziospiritueller Gemeinschaften

This chapter brings together approaches from social anthropology and sociology in order to explore with a view to ethnographic research data from southern Africa (Zambia) the relationship between the life-world effects of Pentecostal theologies relating to the Holy Spirit (pneuma) on the one hand, and Pentecostal modalities of constituting translocal communities on the other. This focus allows to question conventional understandings of religious sociality as well as to carve out three different ways of establishing what I call ‘socio-spiritual communities’: In the mode of the ‘logistics of the spirit’, a given Pentecostal community expands in the socio-spatial logic of a network, meaning that the spatial movements of the Holy Spirit run parallel to the spatial movements of its human vessels; in the mode of the Holy Spirit’s ‘self-multiplication’, Pentecostal sociality takes the form of a scattering in which autonomous enclaves of spiritualization are connected to each other; finally, ‘spiritual scaling’ represents a mode of spiritual omnipresence in socio-religious space that is affected by changes in the Holy Spirit’s scalar morphology.     

An Interpretation of the Occult Symbolism in Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita

Abstract

Much of the extensive scholarly criticism on The Master and Margarita has focused on Bulgakov's 'cosmology' and how the events of the novel can be seen as a mirror of his world view. In particular, The Master and Margarita is often seen as a literary exposition of a Gnostic outlook. The overwhelming tendency of many studies is to look for a 'key' which can unlock the riddles in the novel and answer some of the more difficult questions pertaining to developments in the plot. This often means that the book is approached from the outside. In contrast, I have tried to look at it from the inside out, and ask how the imagery and symbolism in the book can help answer some of these questions and reveal clues as to Bulgakov's intentions and world view. The fact that much of the symbolism in the book is drawn from Goethe, witchcraft and black magic has been noted — but not that this occult symbolism runs much deeper to include, for example, Masonic and alchemical motifs. As well as exposing this particular layer of symbolism, I have examined how it points to Bulgakov's belief in the importance and need of a spiritual 're-birth' both for individuals and for Russia itself; and that the secret to regeneration lies in the power of such an inner journey.     

An Appeal to Aid Specialists

The appeal I am making is (roughly speaking) for aid specialists to do more to help those of us who are not aid specialists to arrive at judgments about the effects of the work of (voluntary) aid agencies that we have at least some reason to think accurate. I argue that the fact that it is so difficult for us to arrive at such judgments at present has certain negative consequences, and that this gives those who are in a position to make it easier for us to arrive at such judgments strong reasons to do so. And I argue that (certain) aid specialists are in such a position. Hence my appeal to them to do so.     

The role of exercise on the innate immunity of the elderly

The increased life span in human population has shown that some diseases, as infections, cancer and autoimmune phenomena, occur more frequently in the elderly than in the younger. We describe the ageing process involving the innate immune system and the improvement given by moderate physical activity. In addition, we discuss the altered neutrophil granulocytes function, the role of macrophages and natural killer cells, besides the influence of cytokines and secretory IgA. The acquired information help us to explain how these changes could favor the onset of diseases in the elderly and how they may boost their immune function.