供应链分销系统双层优化模型

分销渠道决策在整个供应链管理中非常关键,因为它直接影响着其它的市场决策. 从供 应链集成的角度出发,利用双层规划模型描述了二级分销网络优化问题,充分考虑了网络决策 部门及客户双方的自身及共同利益. 同时设计了启发式求解算法,最后用简单算例验证了模型 及其算法的有效性.     

Research on dispatch of drugs and consumables in SPD warehouse of large scale hospital under uncertain environment: take respiratory consumables as an example

This paper studies the supply chain management of medical supply-processing-distribution (SPD) and models the logistics scheduling of drugs and consumables in SPD warehouse under uncertain environment. Firstly, the key management materials are determined, and then SPD distributors are set up for the key management materials to speed up the turnover of drugs and consumables, reduce the loss and unnecessary wastage, and reduce and control the operating costs of hospital departments. This paper establishes an optimization model for achieving the highest total efficiency of drug or consumables distribution and receipt on the premise of sending the least SPD distributors to release the nurses who plan to apply for, count and keep the materials in the second-level warehouse, and return the nursestime to patients. Through the example of SPD distribution of infusion devices consumed by respiratory consumables in a large scale A hospital, the feasibility of using this model to calculate the optimal allocation method of SPD material distributors and the establishment of SPD material distributors in each department is verified. Finally, this paper compares the effects before and after practice and verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the model.

     

Evaluation of multi-objective optimization approaches for solving green supply chain design problems

This paper evaluates the applicability of different multi-objective optimization methods for environmentally conscious supply chain design. We analyze a case study with three objectives: costs, CO₂ and fine dust (also known as PM – Particulate Matters) emissions. We approximate the Pareto front using the weighted sum and epsilon constraint scalarization methods with pre-defined or adaptively selected parameters, two popular evolutionary algorithms, SPEA2 and NSGA-II, with different selection strategies, and their interactive counterparts that incorporate Decision Maker׳s (DM׳s) indirect preferences into the search process. Within this case study, the CO₂ emissions could be lowered significantly by accepting a marginal increase of costs over their global minimum. NSGA-II and SPEA2 enabled faster estimation of the Pareto front, but produced significantly worse solutions than the exact optimization methods. The interactive methods outperformed their a posteriori counterparts, and could discover solutions corresponding better to the DM preferences. In addition, by adjusting appropriately the elicitation interval and starting generation of the elicitation, the number of pairwise comparisons needed by the interactive evolutionary methods to construct a satisfactory solution could be decreased.     

供应链库存协调与优化模型研究

传统的库存管理主要把注意力放在企业内部的库存控制,不注重供应链的协调与合作. 这种局部优化的管理模式导致供应链物流不畅,成本增加,企业及其供应链缺乏竞争力. 供应 链的协调与合作成为改善供应链绩效,增强企业竞争力的重要手段. 在需求和供应都不确定的 情形下,通过模型研究对两阶供应链的库存协调及其价值作了一些有益的探讨. 引入了有效库 存水平的概念,以反映上游缺货对下游库存的影响,构造了定期检查补货模式下的供需双方库 存模型,对安全因子进行整体优化,降低供应链库存成本. 同时,也介绍了安全因子整体优化的 实现机制,并对整体优化的价值作了敏感性分析     

On the fair optimization of cost and customer service level in a supply chain under disruption risks

This paper presents a new decision-making problem of a fair optimization with respect to the two equally important conflicting objective functions: cost and customer service level, in the presence of supply chain disruption risks. Given a set of customer orders for products, the decision maker needs to select suppliers of parts required to complete the orders, allocate the demand for parts among the selected suppliers, and schedule the orders over the planning horizon, to equitably optimize expected cost and expected customer service level. The supplies of parts are subject to independent random local and regional disruptions. The fair decision-making aims at achieving the normalized expected cost and customer service level values as much close to each other as possible. The obtained combinatorial stochastic optimization problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed integer program with the ordered weighted averaging aggregation of the two conflicting objective functions. Numerical examples and computational results, in particular comparison with the weighted-sum aggregation of the two objective functions are presented and some managerial insights are reported. The findings indicate that for the minimum cost objective the cheapest supplier is usually selected, and for the maximum service level objective a subset of most reliable and most expensive suppliers is usually chosen, whereas the equitably efficient supply portfolio usually combines the most reliable and the cheapest suppliers. While the minimum cost objective function leads to the largest expected unfulfilled demand and the expected production schedule for the maximum service level follows the customer demand with the smallest expected unfulfilled demand, the equitably efficient solution ensures a reasonable value of expected unfulfilled demand.     

供应链中二级分销网络的优化设计模型

从供应链的集成和协调的角度出发 ,提出了在多工厂、多产品、多客户环境下 ,考虑需求分配的二级分销网络优化设计模型 .模型体现了在设计分销网络时 ,根据制造企业各分厂的生产能力和各客户区 (需求地 )对不同产品的需求情况 ,合理的将对产品的需求分配到各个分厂 ,制定相应的生产计划 ,以降低生产和分销环节的总费用 .文中还讨论了采用启发式算法同传统的分枝定界法相结合以提高问题的求解速度 ,并给出了一个数值例子 .     

MC模式下供应链动态调度的蚁群寻优分析

在对MC模式下供应链调度的基本运作特征描述及界定基础上,分析了调度过程中主导矛盾的缓解思路;通过将该思路引入动态调度的运作过程,分析了MC模式下的供应链动态调度机理.在调度求解过程中,引入蚁群觅食的寻优机理并对其进行特定的算法设计及改进,提出了供应链动态调度的蚂蚁寻优算法.算法特点为在运算过程中不仅能够反映该生产方式独特的运作特征要求,而且能够融入对主导矛盾的缓解思路.通过仿真,验证了算法的可行性.     

大规模定制模式下供应链计划调度优化分析

大规模定制模式下供应链生产计划调度问题是一个典型的随机需求与随机资源约束的 多目标动态优化问题. 在对该问题特征翔实描述,分析所总结的理论研究成果基础上,提出了 完整的随机多目标动态优化数学模型. 通过实例简要分析了优化目标的成熟性及模型的可行 性. 最后,指出了较为重要的动态优化调度过程的实现,并进行了实践应用过程的验证与说明     

风险约束下退货合同对供应链的协调性分析

在零售商在风险约束下,分析了退货策略对单周期供应链的协调性.首先运用报童库存模型建立了供应链决策模型,然后运用解析法对满足零售商下游风险约束下的零售商决策进行了优化分析.对于供应商的决策,采用数值分析方法分析了零售商下游风险对其决策的影响.研究表明,在风险约束制约下,零售商和供应商的期望利润都有所减少,退货合同的协调性较无风险约束情况下弱.最后,对未来的研究方向给出了建议.     

Closed-loop supply chain configuration for new and reconditioned products: An integrated optimization model

Closed-Loop Supply Chain Management (CLSCM) is considered as a strategic response to the call for corporate sustainability while further expanding the scope of value creation to include product reconstruction. The Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) performance is directly related to the CLSC network design. The CLSC network design, with long-term and strategic connotations, involves selection of an integrated network of partner organizations to be engaged on one hand in the forward supply chain processes relevant to families of existing and new products and also involved in reverse supply chain activities relevant to reconstruction of the returned products. At the tactical level, Closed-Loop Supply Chain Configuration (CLSCC) attempts to address issues pertinent to launch of a new product and its reconstruction. The CLSC network design is well studied in the current literature, but addressing the CLSCC is neglected. To study the CLSCC problem we: (a) develop an integrated optimization model for problem; (b) present a real-world case study of a battery manufacturer; (c) based on the case study, we conduct a comprehensive set of computational experiments followed by a series of what-if analyses to compare profitability of the Forward Supply Chain Configuration (FSCC) versus the CLSCC; and (c) discuss the key observations and managerial implications drawn from the computational experiments, applicable to other real-world instances. The significant outcomes of the study suggest that: (i) performance of the firm׳s base case integrated CLSCC model is significantly better than the current supply chain model (ii) the sales-price ratio of new battery is found to be negatively related with the maximum acquiring price of used batteries; (iii) combination of sales price ratios of new and reconditioned batteries determines the total net profit for a given return rate. Finally, important managerial insights and scope for future research are discussed.     

A closed-loop supply chain for deteriorating products under stochastic container return times

This paper studies a two-stage supply chain where returnable transport items (RTIs) are used to ship finished products from the supplier to the buyer. Empty RTIs are collected at the buyer and returned to the supplier. The return time of RTIs is considered to be stochastic in this paper, and further finished products are assumed to deteriorate during potential delivery delays. First, the paper develops an analytical model of this supply chain, and then it discusses the properties of the model. Secondly, it presents the results of a simulation study in which the behaviour of the model is analysed. The results of our analysis indicate that the supply chain can influence both the risk of RTI stockouts at the supplier and the deterioration rate by changing the value of the return lot size of RTIs. Further, the results indicate that realising the optimal value for the RTI return lot size is especially important in case the mean return time of RTIs is short, while in case of a long RTI return lead time, an approximation of the optimal RTI return lot size is also acceptable.     

碳配额交易政策下闭环供应链的减排策略选择

本文以单一制造商、单一零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链为研究对象,同时考虑新产品和再制造品的价格差异及消费者低碳偏好,分别构建了在碳配额交易政策下制造商进行减排技术投入、回收再制造、同时进行减排技术投入与回收再制造三种模式的Stackelberg博弈模型,分析了减排成本系数、再制造减排系数、低碳价值系数等对供应链节点企业利润和碳排放总量的影响。研究结果表明,碳配额交易价格小于某一临界值时,与制造商的减排技术投入呈正相关;当再制造减排系数满足一定条件时,碳配额交易政策会激励制造商进行回收再制造;制造商同时采用减排技术投入与回收再制造模式可以获得最大利润,但是不能保证供应链碳排放总量最小。     

EPR下供应链网络报废产品排放内生污染税模型

利用均衡理论及变分不等式研究工具,研究了生产者责任延伸(EPR)制度下的正向和逆向相结合的包含制造商、销售商/回收中心及需求市场的闭环供应链网络.考虑网络中各层决策者之间的相互作用,并与报废产品排放环境污染税相结合,建立了竞争环境中的多层供应链网络均衡模型,描述了网络中各层决策者的竞争行为,给出了供应链网络各层均衡及整...     

EPR 下供应链网络报废产品排放内生污染税模型

利用均衡理论及变分不等式研究工具,研究了生产者责任延伸( EPR) 制度下的正向和逆向相结合的包含制造商、销售商 /回收中心及需求市场的闭环供应链网络． 考虑网络中各层决策者之间的相互作用,并与报废产品排放环境污染税相结合,建立了竞争环境中的多层供应链网络均衡模型,描述了网络中各层决策者的竞争行为,给出了供应链网络各层均衡及整体均衡的条件、经济解释及有限维变分不等式模型,最后通过算例验证了模型及算法的有效性并进行分析．     

基于二层规划的供应链多阶响应周期决策模型

优化和缩短供应链多阶响应周期是供应链快速响应市场需求,缩短产品上市周期的有 效途径, 也是供应链管理总体目标之一. 全文首先阐明了供应链多阶响应周期的概念,以核心 企业作为协调中心,建立了供应链整体计划决策机制,并运用二层规划方法对供应链多阶响应 周期进行了建模研究. 最后用实际调研的数据作为一个算例对模型进行了数值演算和验证. 结 果表明,该模型能够协调管理供应链整体利益和节点企业局部利益、合理分配生产时间与物流 时间,为供应链优化和缩短多阶响应周期提供了一个有效的决策工具.     

基于supply-hub的三级供应链运作成本优化研究

双边际效应是阻碍由多主体组成的三级供应链运作成本优化的基本因素之一。本文建立了循环取货方式下,由多个供应商、一个supply-hub、一个制造商组成的三级供应链运作成本定量模型。分别在供应链集中决策和各成员独立决策条件下对模型进行求解,定量揭示了基于supply-hub的三级供应链中双边际效应产生的原理。通过将利益分配因素引入成本模型,定量分析了帕累托优化产生的条件和优化结果的分配方案。研究表明:制造商生产批量与supply-hub对制造商的配送批量之比是基于supply-hub的三级供应链运作成本的关键影响因素;supply-hub运营商在单独决策时对制造商库存维持成本的忽视是基于supply-hub的三级供应链双边际效应产生的根本原因;供应链成员之间利益再分配是消除双边际效应的基本方法。     

A numerical analysis of supply chain performance under split decision rights

We examine periodic review supply chain models where order quantity and shipping frequency are both decision variables and decision-making rights are split between supply chain agents. We address two general questions: (1) when does decentralized decision making result in the greatest loss in supply chain performance; and (2) what effect does the distribution of channel power have on performance loss. We characterize optimal policies where possible in each scenario and we use numerical analysis to generate insights. We find that performance losses from decentralized control are somewhat limited in our results due to risk pooling and that the magnitude of performance loss is strongly influenced by the relative holding and penalty costs, but somewhat invariant to demand uncertainty. Furthermore, we find that concentrating channel power with the supplier can lead to supply chain profits that are very close to a centralized scenario, but also results in lower customer service levels.     

不确定环境下分散控制供应链物流计划优化

供应链物流计划是供应链管理的重要内容.针对节点无限扩展的分散控制供应链物流计划问题,在提出供应链元概念的基础上,考虑供应链节点企业上下游物料价格要素的随机性,应用随机机会约束规划理论,建立了多级多节点多产品分散控制供应链一体化物流计划模型;设计了基于随机模拟的混合智能算法求解模型;并以算例仿真验证了模型和算法的有效性,...     

Optimal design of supply chain networks under uncertain transient demand variations

We consider a detailed mathematical formulation for the problem of designing supply chain networks comprising multiproduct production facilities with shared production resources, warehouses, distribution centers and customer zones and operating under time varying demand uncertainty. Uncertainty is captured in terms of a number of likely scenarios possible to materialize during the lifetime of the network. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved to global optimality using standard branch-and-bound techniques. A case study concerned with the establishment of Europe-wide supply chain is used to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results obtained provide a good indication of the value of having a model that takes into account the complex interactions that exist in such networks and the effect of inventory levels to the design and operation.