藏族民间表演艺术的苦难叙事与精神超越

历史上藏族民众的苦难遭遇与体验成为藏族民间表演艺术的一个重要表现内容,成为艺术表演中苦难叙述的现实基础和创作动因。藏族民间表演艺术中苦难形态主要表现为生存之苦、身心之苦、离别之苦、苦众生之苦等。受到藏传佛教深刻影响的传统藏戏,在剧中直接"裸露"苦难,展示种种苦难,再通过修行克服苦难。藏族民间表演艺术中,人们面对苦难现实主要表现为两种态度:勇敢应对以及在此基础上形成的抗争精神,坦然面对以及在此基础上形成的超越精神。遗憾的是,佛教教义苦难观念的深刻影响,使表演艺术无形中消解了最为珍贵的丰富的感性元素,剥落了丰富的心灵和情绪感受以及感性化体验。     

现代戏剧传达悲剧性精神体验的三种途径

现代戏剧较之于古典戏剧更大程度表现出对现代人普遍生存境况的关注与担忧。现代戏剧往往能使受众在审美层面获得巨大的悲剧感与生存的压力,本文将此种可追溯至亚里士多德《诗学》的悲剧感和压力称为悲剧性精神体验,它不同于悲剧意识与悲剧精神,而是侧重对于受众方的审美想象,在现代戏剧中扮演着情感传输的功能。     

从《诗学》论悲剧主体

内因是悲剧的决定性因素.悲剧中有价值的东西不是造成悲剧结局的客观因素,应该到人自身的性格和行为中去寻找.悲剧主体用自己顽强的意志,不屈的精神,主动接受某种挑战,同各种力量抗争.如果是被动地接受或不去行动,那就不是悲剧了.悲剧的根源在于悲剧主体的思想意识以及由此引发的行为结果.     

神性与人性的对话——藏族和古希腊关于人类起源神话之比较

藏族和古希腊关于人类起源神话都反映了“神造人”的世界性母题,体现了早期先民们对自身起源之谜的大胆探索,充满了神奇瑰丽的想象和创造精神;另外,二者都揭示了劳动与人类产生之间的密切关系,透露出强烈的人本主义色彩。作为不同文化的产物,藏族人类起源神话带有最素朴的唯物色彩,但已有后期佛教思想明显改造的痕迹,其“善”与“恶”对立统一的二元论思想构成了藏族文化哲学思维的基础;古希腊人类起源神话带有强烈的抗争精神,其精髓是西方“渎神”精神、悲剧精神的具体体现和升华。     

传统藏戏的审美张力分析

传统藏戏将教化性和审美性融合统一,形成了具有无限延展的审美空间,被藏民族一代代接受和传承。传统藏戏的多种元素彼此之间相互对抗、冲突和矛盾,形成具有张力的审美空间和强大的审美冲击力,使接受者产生共鸣,在艺术的审美中获得精神的洗礼。在传统藏戏中,主客体巨大反差产生崇高美,体现出藏民不屈的超越精神,以及克服和战胜恐惧后的心灵慰藉和平静;传统藏戏采用佛教逻辑叙述故事,集中体现藏民的人生姿态和精神信仰以及对于真善美的认知和追求,凸显世俗的人性美;藏戏以美的艺术形式和程序化的艺术表演再现普通大众的味与情,形成独具特色的审美情感和审美趣味,最终达到宗教教化的目的;藏戏中戏师的理性讲述与演员的感性表演形成对照,让受众游走于理性与感性之间,对于人物与情节有了更加深刻的感性认知和理性反思;藏戏重复与回环的情节设置使故事情节发展更曲折,人物形象更丰满,主题思想更鲜明,形成了复调之美。     

地方性知识与新知识:传统藏戏现代转型的研究

对传统藏戏现代转型的已有研究多将其置于非遗保护、文旅融合等视域之下,探讨其传承与发展的意义与措施。本文在田野调查基础上,尝试从新的视角,即从藏戏人的知识结构梳理总结传统藏戏现代转型的成功经验,提出新时代藏戏人应同时具备地方性知识和新知识,传统藏戏的现代转型在很大程度上就是获得了新知识同时又利用了民族文化资源的藏戏人促使传统藏戏产生了新的结构,具备了新的功能。这种分析方法有助于我们以更积极的眼光看待藏戏的文化变迁,关注藏戏人怎么自发地通过组成“蜂窝”的方式,能动地去发展,而不是把它看作弱者,一直需要受到保护。只有这样,才能有效推动传统藏戏在新的历史时期的传承与发展。     

藏戏与汉族戏曲的比较研究

藏戏与汉族戏曲的历史都十分悠久。本文从历史发展和社会文化精神、形式体态和文体结构、时空自由和虚拟写实、总体审美和戏剧类型与体系四个方面探讨了汉族戏曲与藏戏的异同,并就此论述了藏戏在中国戏曲中的特殊地位及贡献。     

苦难生存境域中生命意义的探寻——阎连科乡村小说的生命意识

阎连科善于在苦难生存境域中探寻生命的意义和价值.他的乡村小说在对于人的生存处境、生存状态的热切关注和审美表现中,不仅揭示了沉重苦难与边缘生存中生命存在的苦痛与叹息,还表现了人们超越苦难与自我救赎的执著精神和坚韧顽强的抗争生命力.     

再论《美国的悲剧》--从《圣经》视野解读西方文学系列论文之六

有关<美国的悲剧>的评论看到它如何深刻揭露了美国的经济法则、生活准则,诉讼制度、选举制度的弊病,很少注意到它以同样的深度反映了美国宗教生活的瘫痪和基督教传统精神的失败.小说在叙述克莱德堕落的命运时,把物质环境恶性膨胀的现实主义描写与基督教文化精神衰落的危机感交织一体,不仅揭露了美国金钱主宰一切的物化社会,而且反映了基督教已变成一潭死水的精神危机.克莱德悲剧的发人深省之处在于对资本主义社会制度的抨击和批判,更在于对被民众和世俗败坏了的基督教的怀疑和反思.     

余华小说的悲剧性特征

结合余华小说的创作,分析在他的作品中所表现出来的悲剧性问题,从其独特的叙述方式延展开去论述其作品中所蕴含的文化观念、艺术表达、叙事方法的新变,并开辟了一种新的对于人和世界本身的独特理解。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.