共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Bjarne Ibsen 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1996,7(2):160-176
This article analyses the changes in the voluntary sector in Denmark at the local level, and compares associations in the
‘cultural field’ with those in the ‘social field’. The analyses, which are primarily based on research conducted in 1993,
show that the voluntary sector changed significantly during the 1980s and the 1990s. First, over a third of the associations
were established after 1979, and this has resulted in changes in the overall composition of the sector. Traditional value-oriented
associations and associations that work for others have declined in relative terms, while narrow-interest associations that
work for the members themselves are increasing. Second, the number of associations that are based and operate in a clearly-defined
local area has declined. Third, despite professionalisation in some types of associations, more people than ever before are
engaged in voluntary work in associations. Fourth, while public subsidies to the voluntary associations have increased, this
has not changed the fundamental ‘political autonomy’ of the associations. Fifth, even though there are great differences in
the political context of which the ‘cultural field’ associations and ‘social field’ associations are part, the associations
in the two fields have many common features. 相似文献
2.
Jean Proulx Denis Bourque Sébastien Savard 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(3):293-307
In this paper, the authors analyze different forms of interface between the government and third sector organizations in Québec.
In order to do so, they studied relationships in eight different fields of activity: homeless youth services, housing for
intellectually deficient people, support organizations for natural caregivers, community leisure centers, community housing
for the elderly, daycare centers, social economy organizations for domestic assistance, and services specializing in employment
for handicapped people. Following a review of international literature on the relationship between the government and the
third sector, the paper analyzes these relationships on the basis of the typology developed by Jennifer M. Coston, which is
adapted to the Québécois context. In the eight activity sectors studied, the authors found the presence of four different
types of interface between the government and the third sector: “subcontracting,” “coexistence,” “supplementarity,” and “co-construction”
relationships.
相似文献
Denis BourqueEmail: |
3.
The future of private sector unions in the U.S. 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Conclusion As noted, the union movement’s significant decline during the last four decades is primarily a private sector phenomenon.
Since the mid-1950s, the union density of private sector workers has dropped from more than a third to less than a tenth,
in contrast to that found in government employment, which is now about 37 percent.
We are indebted to the Donner Foundation for support and to Noah Meltz and Rafael Gomez for research and intellectual advice. 相似文献
4.
Adalbert Evers 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1995,6(2):159-182
This article presents a conceptional framework which analyses the third sector as a part of a mixed welfare system, otherwise
made up of the market, the state and the informal private household spheres. From this perspective, the third sector appears
as a dimension of the public space in civil societies: an intermediate area rather than a clear-cut sector. Third sector organisations
are understood as polyvalent organisations whose social and political roles can be as important as their economic ones; they
are portrayed as hybrids, intermeshing resources and rationales from different sectors. In present policies of ‘welfare pluralism’
the emphasis is consequently more on ‘synergetic’ mixes of resources and rationales than on mere issues of substitution processes
between different sectors of provision. The last section discusses the potential distinguishing features of such policies
with respect to ‘pluralist’ approaches which try to safeguard the conventional hierarchies in a mixed economy of welfare.
This paper draws in part on the author's introduction to Evers and Svetlik (1993). 相似文献
5.
Jenny Onyx Lisa Armitage Bronwen Dalton Rose Melville John Casey Robin Banks 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2010,21(1):41-61
This article examines the strategies used by some third sector organizations in Australia to advocate. The purpose of this
article is to identify the kinds of activities that organizations in New South Wales and Queensland use to promote advocacy,
the kinds of language that is used to describe these activities, and the reasons given for the particular strategies adopted.
The extent to which the organizations adopt “softer” (that is more institutional forms of advocacy) rather than more openly
challenging forms of activism is examined, particularly in light of a neo-liberal political and economic environment. In this
analysis emergent strategies are identified that are not easily categorized as either “institutional” or “radical” advocacy.
The article presents an exploratory analysis of some of the implications of the strategies adopted, in terms of their democratic
effects and potential to strengthen the capacity of third sector organizations. The article is informed by the findings of
a qualitative research project involving interviews with 24 organizations in the community services and environmental fields. 相似文献
6.
Mark S. Pulliam 《Journal of Labor Research》1984,5(4):351-370
From the perspective of a management labor lawyer, this article argues that any legitimate theory of employment rights must
be founded on the premise that employment is a voluntary relationship governed by mutual consent. In contrast, the erosion
of the doctrine of at-will employment and the substitution of its legal antithesis, the tort of wrongful discharge, depend
on a conception of employment rights as something the employee possesses at the employer’s expense, that is, without the employer’s
consent. The theme of this article is that an employment right does not exist apart from contract. The government cannot violate
an employment right unless it prevents a willing employee and a willing employer from making a contract concerning a proper
subject on terms satisfactory to both. In public sector employment, the state is one of the parties to the employment contract.
In most cases, a public employer cannot be “willing” if the same sovereign or polity has enacted conditions on public employment,
that is, has placed limitations on itself. This article analyzes the legal aspects of exclusive union representation and related
union security arrangements within this conceptual framework.
Member, State Bar of California. Associate, Latham & Watkins, Los Angeles and San Diego. I wish to thank my colleague, Mark
W. Smith, for his helpful suggestions and comments during the preparation of this paper. The views expressed here are solely
those of the author. 相似文献
7.
Although fundraising organizations in the third sector have gone through a progressive professionalization process, it remains unclear whether this development has led to any financial benefits. This article focuses on the question of whether or not it pays off for fundraising organizations to invest in professionalization. The data for this study come from 165 organizations representing 45 percent of the Swiss fundraising market. We first propose the term “organizational fundraising capability” as a new construct for measuring the degree of professionalization and rationalization in fundraising management. We then analyze its relationship to overall net revenue from donations as well as the growth of net revenue from donations. Our analysis indicates that, in addition to organizational size measured by total revenue, revenue share from donations, and expansion strategy, fundraising capability makes an important contribution to explaining both an institution's net revenue from fundraising and the level of increase in net donations. The consequences for the development of professionalization and rationalization in fundraising are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Elda Pema 《Transition Studies Review》2010,16(4):860-871
Albania’s experience with transition is unlike most Eastern European countries. In particular, transition started from a deeply
impoverished state, proceeded faster than other countries in the region, and was disrupted by financial sector crises. In
addition, Albania experienced extreme population movements both abroad (to as many as twenty different countries) and within
the country (from rural areas to major cities). All these changes combined have altered the composition of the local labour
force in unknown ways. Understanding who Albania’s unemployed are at present is important for policy decisions, especially
given the double-digit unemployment rates of the last decade. In addition, employment stabilization policies in Albania are
important from an international perspective, since Albania exports about 15–20% of its labour force to neighbouring countries.
This paper uses administrative data from one of the largest, recently established labour offices, to gain insights into the
composition and characteristics of Albania’s unemployed. 相似文献
9.
Salamon Lester M. 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1999,10(1):5-23
Despite some encouraging trends, America's nonprofit sector stands at a crossroads because of an interrelated series of challenges. Government budget cuts beginning in the early 1980s have eliminated a significant source of nonprofit revenues and created a serious fiscal squeeze for many organizations. Although the sector as a whole managed to replace this lost revenue, it has done so largely through fees and charges that have attracted for-profit businesses into traditional fields of nonprofit action, creating a serious economic challenge to the sector. Simultaneously, important questions have been raised about the effectiveness and accountability of nonprofit organizations, and about what some see as the overprofessionalization and bureaucratization of the sector. All of this has undermined public confidence in the sector and prompted questions about the basic legitimacy of the special tax and legal benefits it enjoys. To cope with these challenges, American nonprofits could usefully undergo a process of renewal that revives the sector's basic values, reconnects it to its citizen base, and creates a better public understanding of its functions and role. 相似文献
10.
Andranik Tangian 《Social Choice and Welfare》2010,35(1):129-161
The article is based on three findings. The first one is the interrelation between Arrow’s (Social choice and individual values,
Wiley, New York, 1951) social choice model and the mathematical theory of democracy discussed by Tangian (Aggregation and
representation of preferences, Springer, Berlin, 1991; Soc Choice Welf 11(1):1–82, 1994), with the conclusion that Arrow’s
dictators are less harmful than commonly supposed. The second finding is Quesada’s (Public Choice 130:395–400, 2007) estimate
of their power as that of two voters, implying that Arrow’s dictators are not more powerful than a chairperson with an additional
vote. The third is the model of Athenian democracy (Tangian, Soc Choice Welf 31:537–572, 2008), where indicators of popularity
and universality are applied to representatives and representative bodies. In this article, these indicators are used to computationally
evaluate the representativeness/non-representativeness of Arrow’s dictators. In particular, it is shown that there always
exist Arrow’s dictators who on the average share opinions of a majority, being rather representatives. The same holds for
dictators selected by lot, which conforms to the practice of selecting magistrates and presidents by lot in ancient democracies
and medieval Italian republics. Computational formulas are derived for finding the optimal “dictator–representatives”. 相似文献
11.
Liam Swiss 《Qualitative sociology》2011,34(2):371-393
This paper employs a world society theoretical framework to examine the recent trend among foreign aid donors to focus on
security sector reform as an aid priority. Through a comparative qualitative case study based on interview data collected
from aid officials and development workers in Canada, Sweden, and the United States (n = 41) in 2006–2007, this paper finds that the extent to which the security sector reform agenda is integrated into donor
policy and programs is mediated by catalytic policy processes linked to intergovernmental organizations and the degree of
donor agency autonomy from the rest of government. These findings are used to illustrate how common processes of globalization
in world society shape similar approaches to foreign aid among donor agencies despite disparate domestic contexts. These processes
lead to convergence of donor policy around security issues and at the same time can account for decoupling of practice from
world society policy models. 相似文献
12.
Bivariate probit estimates with partial observability identify the factors influencing the worker’s decision to seek a state
or local government job and the factors influencing the government’s decision to hire particular workers. The estimates routinely
confirm the presence of a local job queue but confirm the presence of a state job queue only when the role of unionization
is explicitly recognized. Our results suggest that the net benefits from local and state government employment are greater
than those from private sector employment. The estimates also indicate that local governments disproportionately hire racial
minorities relative to the local governments’ pool of applicants but indicate no such relationship for state governments.
The authors thank Dale Belman, Jugal Ghorai, and Matt Higgins for help on this and related work. We also thank the referee
and the editor for useful suggestions. 相似文献
13.
Junmin Wang 《Theory and Society》2009,38(2):165-194
This article analyzes how China’s increasing engagement in the global market induced significant institution-building in China’s
tobacco industry and enabled a power shift from the local authorities to the central authority in controlling this market.
During this process of “getting onto the international track,” the central government reorganized the industrial tobacco system
and broke up the “monopolies” set up by local governments in order to enhance the competitive capacities of China’s tobacco
industry in the global market. Given such a concrete institutional change in China’s tobacco industry, I propose the theory
of “global-market building as state building” to explain the interactions among the global market, the nation-states, and
the domestic market-building projects. I suggest that nation-states strategically seek to engage themselves in the global
market and that, under certain circumstances by taking advantage of their global market engagement, the nation-states can
enhance their abilities to govern the domestic market.
Junmin Wang received her Ph.D. in Sociology from New York University in 2007. During 2007–2008, she was a post-doctoral fellow in China’s political economy at the Research Center for Chinese Politics & Business of Indiana University at Bloomington. Currently, she is Assistant Professor of Sociology in the University of Memphis. Wang’s main research interests include economic sociology, formal/ complex organizations, political sociology, comparative/ historical sociology, international political economy, and China Studies. She has published articles and book chapters on China’s political economy, state/market transitions, and the institutional changes of Chinese firms. Wang is currently working on a project regarding the institutional and organizational innovations and corporate governance in China’s stock market. 相似文献
Junmin WangEmail: |
Junmin Wang received her Ph.D. in Sociology from New York University in 2007. During 2007–2008, she was a post-doctoral fellow in China’s political economy at the Research Center for Chinese Politics & Business of Indiana University at Bloomington. Currently, she is Assistant Professor of Sociology in the University of Memphis. Wang’s main research interests include economic sociology, formal/ complex organizations, political sociology, comparative/ historical sociology, international political economy, and China Studies. She has published articles and book chapters on China’s political economy, state/market transitions, and the institutional changes of Chinese firms. Wang is currently working on a project regarding the institutional and organizational innovations and corporate governance in China’s stock market. 相似文献
14.
Doyle Paul Johnson William R. Brown Jerald Hage Thomas A. Lyson Dennis K. Orthner Steven K. Paulson Gregory D. Squires Ronald C. Wimberley 《The American Sociologist》1987,18(4):356-368
This paper adds to the current dialogue in our discipline regarding the challenge of expanding nonacademic employment opportunities
for sociologists and training our students for such employment. The argument is made that this challenge should be seen as
an opportunity for us to demonstrate the relevance of our knowledge and expertise to society and to advance the intellectual
development of our discipline. Moreover, the achievement of these benefits does not require sacrificing the distinctive intellectual
core of sociology as a humanistic liberal arts discipline. To help bridge the gap between academic and nonacademic cultures,
several interrelated strategies are suggested that address issues of marketing and public relations, as well as curriculum
revision. The internship, as a key feature of “applied” programs, is crucial in terms of both training students and facilitating
our contacts with potential employers.
where he developed the department’s internship program, and has done consultation with religious and social service organizations.
where he helped develop the Master’s program in applied sociology, and has done extensive consultation with business organizations
regarding their needs for sociological skills and expertise.
which is jointly sponsored by the College of Business and Management and the Department of Sociology, and which conducts studies
in organizational design, entrepreneurship, and strategic management at the University of Maryland in College Park.
has done extensive consultation and research with business organizations and the military on personnel and family issues.
in Jacksonville and utilizes sociological concepts in courses on organizational management and design.
a member of the ASA Ad Hoc Committee on Under- and Un-employment.
where he recently completed a term as Head of the Department and a leave of absence to the staff of the Joint Economic Committee
of the U.S. Congress. 相似文献
15.
This paper examines the political economy of public employment, specifically the impact of labor unions on public employment
across 20 OECD nations during the 1965–1983 period. A theoretical paradigm based on exchange theory is used to explain the
rationale for organized labor’s role in public employment. A model is then presented and tested to explain variation in public
employment levels across the 20 nations. The results of the analyses support the central hypothesis that labor union power
is positively correlated with public employment. Following the data analysis, the conclusions and implications of the findings
are discussed as they pertain to the political economy in advanced industrial democracies. 相似文献
16.
Zuhal Unalp Cepel 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(2):328-349
Theoretical researches have argued that state–civil society relations differ from one country to another because of different
economic, political, and socio-cultural factors. This article aims to show civil society’s role in the Finnish welfare state
and how the state and the civil society affect each other in Joensuu, a 72,167 populated Finnish city. Joensuu case is analyzed
from the theoretical perspectives of Esping-Andersen (The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990), Young (Nonprofit Volunt Sector Q 29:149–172, 2000), and Schofer and Fourcade-Gourinchas (Am Sociol Rev 66: 806–828, 2001) by taking into account interviews with 13 members of voluntary organizations in the city. In the light of the field work,
the argument is based on the negative impact of welfare system’s transformation process on nongovernmental organizations in
Joensuu, Finland. 相似文献
17.
Daniel S. Lacerda Marcelo M. F. Vieira 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(4):875-893
What we now understand as rational and logical in today’s world provides a mental scheme to take action, based on a framework
of premises and values. These rules aim to maximize the utility of consequences, despite of any subjective value. Weber (Economy
and Society, 1978) classified this scheme as an “instrumental rationality”, characterized by being guided by the goals, means, and consequence
of the action. On the other hand, he also defined “substantive rationality”, postulated on the values of the subject, and
not guided by any consequences of action. This study acknowledges that NGOs (non-governmental organizations) must belong to
a field other than that of economic businesses, because they are based on different rationalities, especially when they encompass
the observation in organizations that work for social transformation. A field study was made with five nonprofit organizations
whose stated goals were social transformation, seeking to identify influences that the adoption of instrumental rationality
imposes on accomplishing the expected objectives for these organizations. Contingencies were found that benefit from using
instrumentality in such organizations, such as the need for self-subsistence, the area where they work, size of the organization,
influence of the leader and so on. The conclusion is that the lack of consciousness of the market’s influence on them very
often causes them to uncritically and bluntly absorb the typical organizational dynamics of economic business, which has strong
potential to corrupt their conceptual motivations, when guiding them strategically through the consequences of actions. 相似文献
18.
Thomas J. DiLorenzo 《Journal of Labor Research》1984,5(4):371-389
Public sector unionization has grown rapidly in recent years, and research has suggested that among the reasons for such growth
is legislation granting special privileges to public employee unions. This paper examines one form of legislative privilege,
exclusive representation, from a public choice perspective. It is shown that exclusivity reduces employees’ freedom of choice,
increases the welfare of union leaders at the expense of union members, limits employment opportunities to “outsiders,” entrenches
the monopoly provision of public services, and generates conflict and instability in labor relations. 相似文献
19.
Lawrence M. Spizman 《Journal of Labor Research》1980,1(2):265-273
This paper examines how public employee unions influence the allocation of public sector jobs. The empirical results indicate
that vote maximizing public officials’ employment decisions are influenced by the political clout of highly-unionized employees.
The political clout of public-sector unions influences the functional distribution of public-sector jobs by increasing demand
for the relatively more organized functions. These results suggest that consideration should be given to the growth of public
sector collective bargaining in the allocation of public sector resources.
The author wishes to acknowledge the helpful suggestions of Bernard Lentz. 相似文献
20.
Cristina Parente 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(1):257-276
Departing from regulation theories and varieties of capitalism school this article focuses on employment in the third sector.
We start by discussing the emergence of the new third sector in the western world. In the second part of the article, we provide
an overview of the third sector in Portugal today. The ideal values of the organizations of the third sector, namely the principles
of democratic and participative management, the primacy of people and work over capital, and the centrality of social capital,
frame the discussion of empirical data regarding the wage relation that characterizes the University of Porto (UP) graduates
currently working in the third sector. We end with a critical discussion of the optimistic expectations and projections that
loom over the third sector regarding the construction of an alternative model of social and economic development based on
justice and equity. 相似文献