粉丝情感劳动的组织化运作——基于A明星全国后援会的剖析

从商业经济到社会公益,粉丝社群呈现的超强行动力和影响力引发社会和学界的关注。既有研究往往将粉丝社区、社群、组织等概念混为一谈,从个体意见领袖或社群外部的视角解读粉丝的情感劳动,一定程度上忽视了组织视角的情感劳动过程。因此,基于对A明星全国粉丝后援会的参与式观察和深度访谈,研究发现,在媒介、政策、文化等变迁中,后援会管理层与成员通过文化资本、情感等因素的交互架构生成了“饭圈”的组织化运作。一方面,管理层为促使粉丝情感劳动组织化,发展出圈层化、规范化、制度化三种整合策略;另一方面,成员通过自我进化、关系建构、反叛三种策略表现出对后援会的迎合或抵抗。深入挖掘粉丝组织内部的运转与劳动过程,不仅可以深入理解数字时代青年亚文化社群的组织实践,为“饭圈”乱象治理提供新的思路,也对虚拟组织的运转和维系具有重要借鉴意义。     

论住宅小区“互联网+”社群公益存在的问题与优化

在住宅小区中,"互联网+"的应用与业主日常生活密切相关,更是关乎新常态下物业管理的建设与发展。当前我国对于住宅小区"互联网+"新业态的相关规定缺少一定的事实依据和管理办法,业主社群型意识有待提高,所产生的行为在不同层面冲击物业管理的升级,因此,"互联网+"社群公益存在必要的运营。在这样的背景下,从住宅小区社群的自身利益出发,本文通过分析现有问题,提出实现"互联网+"社群公益效能最大化的办法,达到互联网与社群公益的有机结合。     

罗辑思维的商业启示: 穿上"社群"的外衣,再做粉丝经济

罗辑思维是知名媒体人罗振宇主讲的一个读书分享类声视频节目,是一个"爱智求真"的社群.创业三年不到估值就已经达到13亿,罗辑思维建立了一个做顶级网红的新框架.也有人认为罗辑思维是一个兜售成功学的鸡汤平台,从突破框架到建立新社群,再到调转枪口榨取粉丝的价值,然后踩在百万粉丝簇拥出的名气上,堂而皇之地走上了赚取企业级市场利润的"更高纬度"商业道路上.     

迷失的狂欢:"饭圈文化"失范表征、成因及治理

“饭圈文化”作为一种亚文化，近年来受到各界的广泛关注。粉丝在“饭圈”中进行控评、应援，以展示对偶像的喜爱从而实现自我认同与群体认同。伴随着互联网的发展，依附于偶像产业的“饭圈文化”经常与主流文化产生碰撞，疯狂氪金、虚假流量、无底线追星等失范现象频发。其原因在于粉丝的盲目服从、资本不良营销策略和粉丝群体价值观的迷失。“饭圈文化”的治理需要从偶像、政府、平台等方面入手，在粉丝抒发情感的同时，引导“饭圈文化”与主流文化融合，促使粉丝在理性追星中实现自我发展。     

粉丝经济中人的非理性释放行为探析

粉丝经济的形成与粉丝行为的表达有着密不可分的联系,而从粉丝经济的快速发展中更可以窥视到粉丝的疯狂行为,这种看似疯狂的行为通常被看作是缺乏理性的,即非理性行为,这种非理性行为与宗教行为既有一定的相似性,也存在较大的区别。他是人性中非理性部分被理性部分过分压制所产生的无意识反抗,具有合理性和正当性。     

粉丝公益：一种新兴的青年公益模式——以“百家粉丝团公益联盟”为例

随着社交媒体的发展与粉丝亚文化的兴起,由青年群体主导的粉丝公益成为我国公益慈善领域的一抹亮色。文章基于对2020年武汉新冠肺炎疫情期间成立的“百家粉丝团公益联盟”的经验观察,从心理动机、行动主体、活动领域、活动空间、资源动员五个维度系统梳理了当下粉丝公益的主要特征,分别为：以情感表达为目的的行为动机、多元化的行动主体、虚拟网络为主的活动空间、追随偶像或政策注意力的活动领域、偶像与社会的双重动员机制。在新媒体技术给公益领域带来结构性变革的当下,不断增进对青年粉丝公益这一新兴公益形态的现实了解与理论认知,对思考如何有效引导青年粉丝公益朝着理性、健康的方向发展具有重要的理论与实践价值。     

公号粉丝500万的“同道大叔”如何建起了一个星座帝国

微博粉丝过千万,公众号粉丝上月也已突破500万,对于“同道大叔”来说,他们面临的问题已经不是如何“红”,而是如何红下去,长盛不衰。据公开报道,在2015年同道年营收达到5000万元,而在此之前,“同道大叔”已经意识到自媒体变现的天花板。     

“网络婚恋交友”现象探析——新型社群互动

“网络婚恋交友”是一种基于互联网、由共同的身份认同和同一目标而达到的、具有互动性的社群行动,是社会、经济、文化发展下的衍生物。本文以“符号互动论”和“社会拟剧论”为理论框架,把个体“镜中我”自我表演、对象互动以及整个社群成员互动三个层次作为理论切入点来解析网络婚恋交友的（个人、熟人、陌生人）三空间;描述了网络婚恋交友的社群互动结构的（主体、接触、意义）三因素,在这种现象中,内心情感和自我表现,都是群体人际符号互动的过程。     

网络社群的法律规制

正确处理网络问题是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到诸多主体。而网络社群是分析网络问题的全新角度,通过法律对网络社群进行规制是一项有效措施。在网络社群的规制过程中,从社群思想方面来看,法理层面的公民自我观、国家观、权利观、公益观建设都必不可少。[1]从网络发展来看,转变法治观念、加快立法、培养法律人才势在必行,即在遵从网络发展规律的基础上,规制网络社群,构建良好的网络环境。     

从“阳刚之气”到“雌雄莫辨”：女性中性偶像之变迁及其生产机制

文章通过对2005年和2020年两档代表性选秀节目中的中性化女性冠军李宇春和刘雨昕的形象对比，剖析偶像形象变化与社会、媒体、粉丝的关系。李宇春作为第一个选秀高峰时期的女性中性偶像代表，强调对女性身体和性别刻板印象的打破；刘雨昕则展示出第二个选秀高峰时期审美的多样性和性别的灵活性。偶像形象作为一种文本，是中国社会从改革开放到经济高速发展两个不同社会阶段的产物，从单一的反抗到多元审美的重塑，折射出社会审美需求的变化；媒体深谙这种变化，将偶像形象作为一种“生产性文本”进行构建，以获取最大范围的粉丝和流量；不同粉丝群体对其进行不同的意义解读并促进意义的传播。从“阳刚之气”到“雌雄莫辨”，女性中性偶像形象的变迁植根于社会变迁的土壤中，并由媒体和粉丝共同书写。     

Community Media Studies: An Overview

This essay provides an overview of the field of community media studies. Like the study of “alternative media,” “citizens' media,” “independent,” and “radical” media – to mention but a few of the terms applied to participatory communication projects – academic inquiry into the structures, forms, and practices of community media has surged in recent years. While scholars often use these labels interchangeably, this essay focuses on academic and practitioner perspectives that explicitly and purposefully employ the term “community media.” The overview identifies and briefly considers three prominent conceptual frameworks – media democratization, civil society, and the symbolic construction of community – which shape and inform this vibrant field of study. This overview concludes with some thoughts on the limits and possibilities of community media theory, and practice, in the new millennium.     

Community media: local is focal

Given the limited nature of global media with its emphasis on‘infotainment’ driven by commerce, it has very littlerole in community development. We see the alarming and growingimpact of the global media on the socio-cultural life of differentcommunities in India. The rampaging growth of centralized distributionsystems has not only undermined local expressions but is alsoloudly proclaiming its sole legitimacy and relevance. Wheredoes that leave the diverse forms of local media that aboundin our cultural landscape? Abhivyakti Media for Development,a Nashik-based Indian development communication organization,believes that local media forms have a vital role in shapingcommunity life and its development. Abhivyakti has initiateda programme in the Maharashtra state of India that seeks toidentify those who are already using some media forms in orderto support them to participate in a loose informal network.This network mobilizes their creative energies to focus on thelocal and, in doing so, brings a host of diverse realities intopublic awareness and generates alternative nodal centres todistribute these voices and images. The programme is alreadyshaping different possibilities and allowing them to emergeas viable alternatives for community empowerment.     

Exploring the Gay Community Question: Neighborhood and Network Influences on the Experience of Community among Urban Gay Men

The reported declining significance of gay neighborhoods has raised questions about the role of gay enclaves as a locus for community building. Using Wellman and Leighton's community “lost,” “saved,” and “liberated” frameworks, we examine the degree to which gay enclave residence and network socializing are associated with experiences of gay community among men in the New York City area. Multilevel models indicate that enclave residence is neither directly nor indirectly associated with perceived community cohesion or community attachment. Increased socializing with gay men and heterosexuals were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with our community outcomes. Increased socializing with lesbians was associated with greater community attachment, while socializing with bisexuals was associated with greater perceived community cohesion. Our findings lend support for a “gay community liberated” perspective; experiences of gay community are shaped principally by network relations rather than residential proximity to gay institutions.     

Transformative Community Practice

ABSTRACT

The authors examine how well models and concepts of community practice fit their practice in an extremely low income urban African-American community. They describe the evolution of their agency's response to community disinvestment over the past 30 years. That response has been to create indigenous African-centered organizations that can transform how people see themselves, the community, and their futures. Early childhood education, social services, economic development, and leadership training and organizing are core programs. The authors urge model builders and educators to include the concept of transformation as a community change goal, and to strengthen attention to institution building skills, “cultural work,” and capital formation.     

Conceptualizing Journalistic Careers: Between Interpretive Community and Tribes of Professionalism

Professionalism is a concept that centers on specialization of labor and control of occupational practice. It has traditionally been used to describe and define individuals who are affiliated with an occupational community that has managed to secure a certain measure of autonomy and jurisdiction over an area of expertise and has a claim to a public service ethos. In this review essay, we consider the changing professional status of journalism. Whether or not journalism is “truly” a profession, it is clear that a discourse of journalistic professionalism plays a crucial role in legitimizing the journalistic occupation. Consequently, this essay explores different approaches towards the professionalization of journalism and positions this discussion within two interrelated contexts: first, it investigates the ramifications of the current crisis in western news media on journalistic professionalism. Next, the essay probes the professional standing of journalism in view of the development of new digital technologies that are re‐shaping essential aspects of journalistic work. We conclude that journalism has lost some of its cohesion and fragmented into tribes of professionalism practiced by a diverse set of actors.     

Community Participation Reconsidered

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the process of planning, developing, and implementing a community-based project with Hmong women in a large Midwestern city. Combining action and research to forge relationships, identify common goals and garner resources, the Hmong Women's Project applied principles of both feminist and participatory action research (PAR). In light of the successes and challenges of this ongoing project, we critically evaluate the oft-encouraged goal of “maximum community participation” in PAR projects by questioning common definitions of “community” and “participation.” We argue that the parameters of what constitutes a “community” and what counts for “participation” are inherently unstable, requiring constant negotiation of ideas, values, identities and interests among all who participate in a PAR project.     

Managing Risk in Community Care of Older People: Perspectives from the Frontline

Abstract

Since the mid-1980s, Australian governments have focused on expanding community and home-based services for older people. This has led to increased levels of dependency, vulnerability, and complexity to be managed in the community. Consequently, aged care services have had to develop mechanisms for regulating and managing these increased risks, and risk management has become more central to the practices of professional workers in this field. This paper reports on some findings from a large-scale study that explores the way risk management policies have been translated into practice by community-based services in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on interviews with 18 frontline and management professionals employed in community aged care, we found that these workers were wrestling with a diverse and new range of institutional risks beyond those encountered in the actual delivery of frontline care. We found that these workers experienced “risk” in four different contexts, which often created demands for contradictory or conflicting responses. Here we examine these “contexts of risk practice”: professional workers' relationships with their clients, relationships with other service providers, the unregulated nature of the home as a work environment, and community expectations about the management of risk. Despite tensions that frequently arose, workers expressed strong professional commitments to their clients and were motivated to find positive resolutions amid competing interests. We conclude that tensions experienced by workers were embedded in the structural dimensions of institutional relationships and the systematic absence of shared understandings of “acceptable” risks in the community care of older people, rather than in the failure of professional agency.     

Shifting Worlds of Strangers: Medium Theory and Changes in “Them” Versus “Us”*

Macrolevel analyses of the influence of different communication technologies are more difficult to test and apply than the results of focused studies of particular media messages. Nevertheless, “medium theory” is of potentially great significance because it outlines how media, rather than functioning simply as channels for conveying information between two or more social environments, are themselves social contexts that foster certain forms of interaction and social identities. This article uses a medium-theory perspective to address one variable related to “technological communities”—the changing boundaries between “them” and “us.” The ways in which oral, print, and electronic modes of communication each foster a different balance between strangers and “familiars” are outlined.     

Community,Ethnicity, and Class in a Changing Rural California Town*

Abstract This study investigates how community is constructed, maintained, and contested among diverse residents of a rural town in California's Central Valley. Drawing on observations, interviews, and archival material, I examine the way in which ethnicity and class play a significant role in recasting how community is organized and interpreted by Mexicans and long‐term white residents. In my field site, Mexicans have long been involved in (in)formal community‐making, yet long‐term white residents perceive a “loss of community” because social relations are no longer structured around an agrarian culture that at one time reinforced ties through volunteerism and interaction in local mainstream institutions. This article demonstrates the continual significance of place and interaction in defining community, but suggests that immigrants develop communities of need aimed at providing important social, emotional, and political support absent in mainstream society. Finally, this study also speaks of the competition for representation and respectability among rural residents developing a sense of belonging. “Community” is never simply the recognition of cultural similarity or social contiguity but a categorical identity that is premised on various forms of exclusion and constructions of otherness