以法治思维方式反对腐败——基于A、B两市的实证研究

法治是社会治理的基本前提,也是反腐败工作的基本要求和持续推进反腐工作的重要保障。在构建法治方式量化评价模型的基础上对西部地区A、B两市法治方式反对腐败状况进行评价,并提出推进法治思维方式反对腐败的建议。     

论反腐败的社会心理环境建设

在科学发展观指导下的反腐败工作应重视其社会心理环境建设。调查发现,由公众对反腐败的心理满意度、参与度和预期度构成的社会心理环境,目前难以有力支持反腐败工作的深入持续开展。应采取创新反腐倡廉宣传教育,增强公众反腐败的意识和能力;完善群众反腐机制,维护公众反腐败积极性;拓宽群众反腐渠道,提升公众反腐败的心理参与度;严厉查处腐败案件,改善公众反腐败心理预期度等策略来优化公众反腐败心态,为反腐败工作取得新成效创造良好的社会心理环境。     

对依靠群众反腐败的再认识

依靠群众的支持和参与,是新时期进一步完善反腐败机制,防止和遏制腐败现象蔓延的重要举措。当前,惩治腐败虽然已成为广大群众关注的热点,但是群众支持和参与反腐败斗争的积极性并没有充分调动起来,对于“依靠群众的支持和参与”反腐败斗争重要性认识尚未到位,应该引起我们的关注。     

纪委在反腐败斗争中做好组织协调工作的思考

在反腐败斗争的实践中 ,我们党形成了“党委统一领导 ,党政齐抓共管 ,纪委组织协调 ,部门各负其责 ,依靠群众的支持与参与”的领导机制。在这种领导机制下 ,使反腐败斗争取得了实实在在的成果。但是 ,也应该看到 ,对于这一机制 ,在实际工作中还有许多问题需要我们认真地进行研究。本文仅就纪委在反腐败斗争中做好组织协调工作略谈浅见。　　一、正确认识纪委的组织协调地位纪委在反腐败斗争中有着不可替代的作用 ,这种作用的发挥是与其有效地进行组织协调工作分不开的。因此 ,在党的十五大明确的反腐败斗争的领导机制中 ,肯定了纪委的组织协…     

对2003年社会发展总体评价与2004年的预测--200名办事员问卷调查报告

课题组就当前人们普遍关心的社会经济发展、减轻农民负担、推进政治体制改革和加大反腐败工作力度等重大问题,对办事员阶层进行了问卷调查。结果显示:对2003年社会形势总体评价良好;抗非典最优,安全生产最差;对改革发展前景充满信心;要继续保持经济持续健康快速发展;调整收入差距,提高人民生活水平;推进政治体制改革,加大反腐败力度;在重大关系调整中,以改革与开放之间关系调整为最好,以人与自然关系、农民与其他阶层关系、干部与群众关系最差;改革开放的受益者期待着巩固、扩大和共享改革开放的重大成果。     

论日本民间团体在新药受试者保护中的作用——以日本药害监督专员协会为例

日本药害监督专员协会,是一个致力于监视药害发生的非营利组织(NPO),系当代日本众多民间团体的一种。"娇宠(Amae)"理论对于该协会具有很强的解释力。日本新药受试者保护体系的核心,是在"意见领袖"的参与和丰富社会资本存量的条件下,以"道德想象力"为价值基础的"第三方"参与,以此行使公民参与和公民监督的职能,最大限度地推进受试者保护工作。日本的经验对中国具有重要的借鉴意义。转变政府角色、增加公众的社会参与以及重构社会资本、实现协同治理,在新药受试者保护工作中引入"第三方",可以推进有效保护机制的形成。     

新时代公众参与社会治理的推进路径

公众参与是社会治理现代化的重要方面，也是推进社会共治的关键环节。着眼于防范化解社会风险和矛盾、完善社会治理共同体，可从动力、保障、组织三个维度推进新时代社会治理的公众参与，即以公共精神的培塑提升公众参与的内生动力，以信息技术的嵌入增强公众参与的质量保障，以自组织能力建设提高公众参与的组织化水平，从而激发人民群众的自主参与意识，提高其参与效能，提升社会治理的现代化水平。     

邓小平反腐败理论探要

邓小平反腐败理论是我国反腐经验的科学总结,是新时期反腐倡廉工作的行动指南。其要点主要有:反腐败必须紧紧围绕经济建设这个中心;反腐败必须强化党员干部的思想政治教育;反腐败必须牢牢把握“从查处具体事件入手”这个突破口;反腐败必须始终坚持长期性和阶段性相统一的反腐方针;反腐败必须努力走出一条既依靠群众又不搞群众运动的反腐路子;反腐败必须健全监督制约机制;反腐败必须加强廉政立法工作。     

湖北孝昌:推进农村老年人互助照料中心建设

正湖北省孝昌县按照"政府支持、社会参与、村级主导、自助互助"的思路,大力推进农村老年人互助照料活动中心建设,2013年共建设农村老年人互助照料活动中心82个,实现了农村养老服务覆盖30%的目标。系统化谋划。县委、县政府统筹推进社会养老服务工作,社会养老服务工作做到了"三纳入"和"三到位","三纳入"即工作目标纳入全县经济社会发展十二五规划、工作经费纳入年度预算、工作任务纳入全县年度目标综合考核,"三到位"即县、乡、村领导机构     

论中国公众参与反腐的可能性与现实性

没有人民的帮助和支持,政府不可能独自驯服腐败。面对我国预防干警和公务人员人数之比的悬殊、履行《联合国反腐败公约》的硬性要求,动员广大公众参与反腐斗争是国内外形势的客观需要。现实表明,我国已具备了公众参与反腐的理念、制度、主体、平台四个运行条件,但同时也须看到,当前还存在着部分公众参与反腐的意识比较淡漠、参与反腐的制度依然存在漏洞、参与反腐的渠道仍然不够畅通、参与反腐多呈碎片化和香艳化四个制约反腐的现实性问题。借鉴国内外成功经验,今后,我国可以通过开展公众参与反腐宣传教育、完善公众参与反腐的法律制度和畅通公众参与渠道等路径,推进我国公众参与反腐的斗争。     

宪政机制的反腐功能

宪政在其自身建设的同时也践行着它的反腐败功能。其中 ,宪政民主创建反腐之公开环境 ,人权诠释反腐法理 ,法治给予反腐行为最终保障力量 ,权力制约和权力监督提供反腐前提。宪政的这些内容相互配合 ,构成反腐败的统一实践体系 ,为锻造公正国家和廉洁政府 ,进而为实现社会主义政治文明作出贡献     

The Political Impetus behind the Construction of Anti-corruption Institutions in Developing Countries: An Analysis of the Process Leading up to India’s Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (LALA)*

Existing anti-corruption theories adopt “state-centric,” “market-centric” or “governance/ good governance” approaches as their dominant research direction. These theories are grounded in Western systems of liberty and democracy and their analysis is couched in terms of the logic of the division between public and private, which makes it difficult for their proponents to gain an insight into the unique experience of developing countries. The process behind India’s Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (LALA), starting from 2010, shows that developing countries may have another anti-corruption route: a composite tripartite anti-corruption model. In this model, the government, the elite and the mass of the people constitute the three main players in the anti-corruption drive. The three forms a complex multi-faceted relationship premised on compliance with bottom-line standards and the use of positive interaction in a dynamic balance that advances the construction of anti-corruption institutions. Summing up the experience and synthesizing the theory of this model will not only help us explore a new anti-corruption approach but will also stimulate our thinking about the unique state-society relationships of developing countries and the political impetus underlying their institutional construction.     

Using government manifestos to analyse the political salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

In an innovative use of government manifestos, this paper examines the salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in Slovakia and the Czech Republic during the period 1990–2013. Both the intensity and shape of anti-corruption efforts appear to be related less to the actual extent of corruption or external influences and more to the growing domestic electoral pressure expressed through the higher ranking of corruption on the list of public problems and to an ideological bent of governments. We also use cultural theory to examine the philosophy of anti-corruption measures. We find that the hierarchical approach clearly dominates, but there is also extensive evidence of an egalitarian approach. There are only a small number of individualist measures and there is nearly no evidence of fatalist measures. We found that the political right in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia is associated not just with an individualist and market-based approach to anti-corruption, but even more with emphasis on anti-corruption itself and empowerment, civil society and public accountability as a means of fighting corruption.     

Parental Participation in Child Protection Work: Rethinking the Rhetoric

Correspondence to Brian Corby, University of Liverpool, Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Myrtle Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX Summary Parental participation and, to a lesser extent, that of childrenat child protection conferences is seen as an important elementin resolving some of the conflicts that beset child protectionwork. Using data from a study of participation in one metropolitanborough, those outcomes that are generally regarded as positivein this respect are critically examined. Our findings suggestthat the optimism of advocates of participation is not whollyjustified. While at a basic level, parents are better informedthan before, their involvement in all aspects of the decision-makingprocess remains very limited. We conclude by arguing that thereis a need for more realism about the extent to which all parentscan be actively involved in making decisions about the futureprotection of their children. We point to the need for greaterrecognition of conflicts of interests between parents, professionalsand children and to the need for changes in the child protectionconference system in order to ensure more ethical and effectiveparticipation.     

社区组织参与灾后农村社区发展的实践性探索——以重灾区Z村为例

灾后农村社区的发展受限于村民们参与度。社区组织能够迅速整合社区内部资源,壮大社区发展主体,提升社区资本存量,有效激发村民参与积极性,进而推动社区的发展。然而,社区组织能否参与灾后农村社区发展,需要多层面制度空间的生成。     

Participation and Child Protection: The Importance of Context

Correspondence to Karen Healy, Department of Social Work, Social Policy and Sociology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. Summary This paper examines the effects of discourses about participationon child protection practice. The paper critiques the prevalentconceptualizations of participation on the grounds that, often,these ideals have been imported from other disciplines withoutdue regard for the specificities of child protection practice.Initially, the critique is focused on how participatory discourseshave resisted adaption to the child protection field. For example,participation and paternalism are often paired dualistically,with the consequence that participation is seen as an unquestionablegood, whilst practices that do not conform to this ideal areassociated with paternalism and considered to be antitheticalto just child protection practice. By examining some of thetypical responses, within the child protection literature andamongst child protection professionals, to the prevalent discoursesabout participation it is argued that these discourses haveactually thwarted the development of participatory processesin child protection work. This is because these discourses donot engage with the expectations associated with child protectionwork, particularly the use of statutory power that such practicedemands. The final part of the paper identifies how post-structuraltheory, particularly the work of Foucault, can highlight anddismantle some of the assumptions about power on which participatorymodels have rested and allow for the development of a participatoryethos which is receptive to the specificities of child protectionwork.     

Corruption, anti-corruption, and inter-county income disparity in China

The rapid economic growth in China has been connected with a large income gap across regions. While most existing research has focused on economic factors to explain the problem, we argue that local government's anti-corruption endeavors also play a very significant role in influencing local income levels. Recent research shows that corruption undermines economic growth and generates poverty, we therefore hypothesize that government anti-corruption measures should increase local income levels. Using county-level data and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimates, we find counties with higher degree of anti-corruption tend to have higher income measured by county-level per capita GDP. We also employ a recently developed Shapley value decomposition technique to quantify the contributions of each variable. We find that anti-corruption plays a large role in explaining inter-county income disparity in China.     

Impact of older adults' mobility and social participation on life satisfaction in South Korea

South Korea has been experiencing rapid population aging. In an aging society, the need for healthy lives is greater. Two of the fundamental factors to enable independent and active life for the elderly are mobility and social participation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between older adults’ mobility, social participation, and quality of life in South Korea. We used data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and applied hierarchical regression. The major finding was that older adults’ mobility had a positive impact on their life satisfaction. After controlling for older adults’ mobility, social participation was positively associated with life satisfaction regardless of the place of residence. The findings of this study not only make a valuable contribution to further research on mobility and social participation but also provide new insight into improving older adults’ quality of life.     

Social Capital, Social Funds and Poor Communities: An Exploratory Analysis

Social capital has captured the attention of social policy-makers and development administrators, with its emphasis on social relationships, civic participation, collaborative action and norms of reciprocity. Social funds support small-scale community-based development projects aimed primarily at reducing poverty. This article synthesizes the relevant literature and explores the nexus between social capital and social funds in relation to poor communities. Drawing upon primary research in Jamaica, the article reports the outcomes of eight social fund sub-projects that involved local organizations in community-driven development processes. It analyses the role of social networks and the influence of community power structures in social capital creation. Social policy implications of the findings are discussed.